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IMPROVING THE SPINNING PROPERTIES OF EXPENSIVE TEXTILE RAW
MATERIALS BY PROCESSING SILK WITH SFM ASSISTANCE
Sh.A. Sulaymanov.
Associate professor Andijan State Technical Institute.
Sulaymon.72 @mail.ru +998902002530
Abstract:
The conducted studies have shown that in order to ensure the continuity of the work
of silkworm enterprises, cocoons are stored in the warehouses of silkworm enterprises. Although
this may seem like a simple matter from the outside, it is of great importance. In order to
eliminate these problems in silkworm enterprises, it was found that cocoons modified with
surfactants obtained from "Bardo" and "Sivush" oils, which do not have a negative effect on
cocoon washing and at the same time contribute to good wetting of the shell, increased the yield
of raw silk by 1.9-2.7% compared to the control variants.
Keywords.
Cocoon, defective cocoon, cocoon slime, Bardo and sivush oil, silk rings, chemical
and biological mixture, raw silk.
Research and development work is being carried out worldwide to develop new scientific and
technical solutions for resource-efficient technologies and equipment for silk production [1]. In
this regard, the production of high-quality raw silk helps to provide employment for the rural
population, prevent migration to large cities, and ensure paid employment. Particular attention is
paid to providing the silk industry with raw materials, saving energy and resources[2], improving
the properties of products made from pure silk or its blends, and justifying production
technological processes, parameters, and operating modes.
The sustainable development of the economy of our republic, the annual growth of its export
potential, and the increase in the production of quality products are also leading to an increasing
demand for natural silk[3]. Based on the production and processing of natural silk fiber from
cocoons grown in Uzbekistan, comprehensive measures are being taken to produce a wide range
of low-cost and high-quality textile and light industry products and increase their
competitiveness.
Although silk fiber has a small share in the world textile market (less than 0.2%), 60 countries
around the world are engaged in its production. The main producers are in Asia, but recently
sericulture industries have also been established in Brazil, Bulgaria, Egypt and Madagascar.
Spun silk is labor-intensive. In China, about 1 million workers are employed in the sericulture
sector. The silk industry employs 7.9 million people in India and 20,000 families in Thailand.
China is the world's only major silk producer and a leader in supplying silk to world markets.
India is the world's second largest silk producer. Sericulture helps to provide employment to the
rural population, prevent migration to large cities and provide the population with paid
employment [4].
In the textile industry, the development of new, modern textile complexes with a final production
format, aimed at producing competitive export products, should be a priority.
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Natural silk is a valuable textile raw material with its sanitary and hygienic properties, beautiful
appearance, luster, firmness, elasticity, hygroscopicity, and good dyeing. A lot of scientific
research has been conducted to solve the problems of cocoon farming, namely, improving
cocoon cultivation, primary processing, storage, and washing, and a number of achievements
have been achieved.
To preserve the natural state of cocoons and cocoon shells, the air temperature in the cocoon
storage warehouses of the cocoon processing plants and cocoon enterprises should not exceed
15-20 - 0
С
, and the relative humidity - should not exceed 60-70%. Due to the lack of
opportunities to create such uniform moderate microclimate conditions throughout the year in
the cocoon storage warehouses of the existing cocoon enterprises in our republic, the air
temperature and relative humidity in the warehouse have a negative effect on the cocoon raw
materials stored in these warehouses. As a result, the structural structure of the rings and
packages formed by silk fibers in the cocoon shell is disrupted, the thread layers in the shell are
damaged, and sericin softens and deteriorates. The yield of raw silk from dry cocoons stored for
10-11 months decreased by 6.5%, the spinnability by 7.1%, and at the same time the yield of the
fluffy cocoon los produced during the spinning process increased by 1.6%, and the yield of
cocoon roving by 1.3%.
To ensure the continuity of the work of the cocoons, they are stored in the warehouses of the
cocoons. Although this may seem simple from the outside, it is of great importance. In order to
eliminate these problems in cocoons, experimental work was carried out using chemical
preparations that do not adversely affect the cocoon washing and at the same time contribute to
good wetting of the shell [5].
In the laboratory of the Department of Chemical Technology of the Tashkent Institute of Textile
and Light Industry, a new surfactant was obtained by synthesizing "Borda" and "Sivush" oils,
which are waste products of the Andijan "Biochemical" plant [6].
During the experiment, 60 kg of cocoons were modified with the following 2 compositions of
SAM using sprayers.
1. Bardo (15%) + sliver oil (5.0%) + Na O H (10%) + glycerin ( 0.5 % )
2.S ivush oil (7.0%) + bardo (20%) + HCl (10%) + glycerin ( 1 %) .
The prepared solution is passed through a filter ib s washed away Neutralized with H
2
SO
4
asid
at a concentration of 10-15% getting ready taken [7].
The processed cocoons were placed in hemp (rovendux) bags (30 kg) and stored for 210 days in
the warehouses of the cocoon enterprise. When the cocoons were modified, it was found that a
monomolecular thin film layer was formed on the cocoon shell.
During the observation of the storage period of the cocoons, it was not affected by metrological
conditions, various insects, and various other factors, as a result of which the amount of raw silk
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produced during spinning was better than that of the control. The results are presented in Table 1.
The chemical substance was modified using SAMs
raw silk from cocoons
Table 1
Variant
Concentration %
Cocoon
storage
interval,
thoughts
Comparison
expense , g
Raw
silk
output ,%
1
15
10-11
2.55
39.1
2
15
10-11
2.66
3 7.3
Control
-
-
2.8 1
35.1
The research work was continued at the cocoon enterprise of the “ROYAL SILK” Limited
Liability Company, Bulakbashi district, Andijan region. Cocoons brought from the Asaka and
Pakhtaabad cocoons were modified with a surfactant newly obtained from biochemical waste
“Borda” and “Sivush” oil at a concentration of 10-15% for 5-8 hours before spinning, and the
results presented in Table 2 were achieved [8].
Surface active of substances cocoon to be thrown effect .
Table 2
Surface
active
substances .
Modification
to do
Comparison expense ,
g
Raw silk output ,%
Concentration,%
Time , hour
Bardo
1 0 /1 0
15 / 15
5 / 5
8 / 8
2.5 5 / 2.6 7
2.6 6 / 2.7 2
39.2 / 37.3 1
37. 3 / 36. 1
Sivush
1 0 /1 0
15 / 15
5 / 5
8 / 8
2.6 1 / 2. 79
2.6 8 / 2.8 4
3 7.6 / 35.7
37.1 / 35 .6
Control
-
-
2.7 2 / 2.8 8
3 5 . 1 / 34. 4
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Note : in the picture - I pakchi-1 , in the denominator - Mechchenna pi l la varieties are listed .
As can be seen from Table 2 like a cocoon surface active substances concentration increase and
modify through running as a result his/her comparison expense decreased , cocoon of the floor
on top of conformational changes happened as [9] , the cocoon moisture , silk thread finding and
shaking processes improved . Also , Andijan biochemistry from the factory taken "Bardo" and
"Sivush" from oils taken surface active substances modified with cocoons control to the
options relatively raw silk output [10]. 1.9-2.7% increase apparently is standing.
Literature
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