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FAUNISTIC COMPLEX OF PHYTONEMATOD OF POMEGRANATE
AGROCENOSES OF SOUTH UZBEKISTAN
Bekmurodov Abdujabbor Sattorovich
Associate Professor, Department of
Zoology, Termez State University
abdujabborbekmurodov7@gmail.com
Turopova Mukhlisa
PhD student at Termez State University
of Engineering and Agrotechnology
ABSTRACT:
The article provides data on the faunistic complex of phytonematodes of
pomegranate agrocenoses in southern Uzbekistan. The study revealed 128 species of plant
nematodes belonging to 54 genera, 30 families, 7 orders and 3 subclasses. It has been established
that the species Eudorylaimus pratensis, Cephalobus persegnis, Eucephalobus oxyuroides,
Chiloplacus sclerovaginatus, Ch. propinquus, Panagrolaimus rigidus, Rhabditis brevispina,
Aphelenchus avenae, Aphelenchoides parietinus, A. bicaudatus, A. blasthophthorus, A.
composticola, A. graminis, A. limberi, Filenchus filiformis, Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus,
Quinisulcius cylindricus, T.claytoni Helicotylenchus erythrinae, Pratylenchus pratensis, P.
crenatus, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, and Ditylenchus dipsaci.
KEYWORDS:
Pomegranate agrocenocic, root system, rhizosphere, parasitic phytonematodes,
ectoparasitic perforators, endoparasitic perforators.
INTRODUCTION
Today in the world providing the population with high quality fruits is one of the most important
tasks. Especially, in recent years, the high harmfulness from parasitic plant nematodes of fruit
trees and shrubs has led to a decrease in productivity and deterioration in the quality of products.
Therefore, the disclosure of the diversity of phytonematodes in different agrocenoses, the
peculiarities of their distribution, the identification of parasitic species and the development of
integrated measures to combat them, acquire an important scientific and practical significance.
The pomegranate was brought to Uzbekistan two thousand years ago from Iran, Turkmenistan
and northern Afghanistan. Currently, anoraks are installed in most regions of Uzbekistan. All
parts of the pomegranate are useful for humans, and the fruit juice contains 12-20% sugar,
organic acids, vitamins and other useful substances. The pomegranate fruit consists of 38.6-
63.5% water, 27.6-51.6% peel, 7.2-22.2% grains. The fruit contains 1.6% protein, 0.1-0.7% fat,
0.2-5.2% fiber and 0.5-0.7% ash. Pomegranate juice contains 0.208-0.218% of minerals,
including manganese, phosphorus, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, chromium, nickel, calcium,
copper. In folk medicine, pomegranate peel, fruit, fruit peel and flower are used as a remedy for
diarrhea, scabies, cough, diarrhea, ringworm, gastrointestinal diseases, anemia.
The species composition, patterns of distribution of phytonematodes and substantiation of
measures to combat parasitic species of pomegranate agrocenoses on the territory of the
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Republics of Central Asia were first studied by Sh.Kh. Khurramov and A.S. Bekmuradov [1, P.
13-15; 2, - 92 p .; 3, P. 28-32; 8, P. 146-157; 9, 333 p.].
MATERIALS AND METODS
In order to study the faunistic complex of phytonematodes of pomegranate agrocenoses of
southern Uzbekistan (Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya regions) in the period from 2009-2019.
We collected phytonematodes from the root soil and root system of plants in shirkat farms from
17 districts of the Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya regions of the Republic. The studies were
carried out by the generally accepted route method [6, P. 338-369; 7, P. 3-11].
During the phytohelminthological study, 1700 samples of soil and root system of pomegranate
plants were collected and analyzed. Phytonematodes were removed by the Berman funnel
method and fixed with 4% formalin solution. Enlightenment of nematodes was carried out in a
mixture of glycerol with alcohol (1: 3), and permanent preparations on glycerol were prepared
for in-office processing of the material according to the Seinhorst method [11, P. 67-69]. Soil
samples for the presence of cyst nematodes were usually analyzed according to the standard
Decker method [4, 445 p.]. Preparations for determining the species of root-knot nematodes were
prepared according to the well-known method of E.S. Kiryanova, E.L. Krall [5, 447 p.].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
As a result of the phytohelminthological studies carried out in the pomegranate agrocenoses of
southern Uzbekistan, we found a total of 128 species of plant nematodes belonging to 54 genera,
30 families, 7 orders and 3 subclasses. In total, the detected nematodes are distributed by orders
as follows: Order Enoplida is represented by 3 species, order Mononchida-2, Dorylaimida-26,
Plectida-4, Rhabditida-30, Aphelenchida-23 and order Tylenchida-40 species.
The data obtained show that phytonematodes of pomegranate plants and its basal soil differ
significantly from each other both in species composition and in the number of individuals.
In the root soil of the pomegranate, 15622 individuals (69.3% of the total number of detected
phytonematodes) were registered, belonging to 128 species. Eudorulaimus parvus, E. pratensis,
E. similis, E. discolaimioideus, Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus, Tylencholaimus minimus, and
Diphtherophora communis were common pararisobionts. The dominant daisy-family species are
Cephalobus persegnis, Eucephalobus oxyuroides, Acrobeloides buetschlii, Chiloplacus
quintastriatus, Ch. sclerovaginatus and Panagrolaimus rigidus, and Rhabditis brevispina was
common among eusaprobionts.
Among the representatives of phytohelminths of nonspecific pathogenic effect, Aphelenchus
avenae, Aphelenchoides parietinus, A. blasthophthorus, A. composticola, A. graminis, A. limberi,
and Ditylenchus myceliophagus prevailed, while Xiphinema opisthohysterum, Bitylentechus
erythrinae, Pratylenchus pratensis, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, Paratylenchus hamatus
and Ditylenchus dipsaci.
The main faunal complex of phytonematodes in the pomegranate root soil is represented by the
species E. pratensis, D. communis, C. persegnis, E. oxyuroides, A. buetschlii, Ch.
sclerovaginatus, P.rigidus, Rh.brevispina, A. avenae, A. parietinus, A.bicaudatus, A.
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blasthophthorus, A. composticola, A. graminis, A. limberi, Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus,
T.claytoni, Q.capitatus, H erythrinae, P. pratensis, M. javanica, D. dipsaci, and some
comparatively few species.
In the root soil of plants, according to the species composition, representatives of the order
Tylenchida dominate, containing 33.6% of all species found in the root soil. At the same time, in
terms of the number of individuals, representatives of the Aphelenchida order predominate,
which is 32.9% of all registered individuals in the root soil of pomegranate plants.
In the root system of the pomegranate, 6931 individuals (30.7% of the total number of detected
phytonematodes) were found, belonging to 73 species. Among the pararisobionts, only D.
communis is found in the root system. C. persegnis, E. oxyuroides, A. buetschlii, Ch.
quintastriatus, Ch. sclerovaginatus and P. rigidus. Among eusaprobionts, Rh. brevispina.
Among the representatives of phytohelminths of nonspecific pathogenic effect, A. avenae, A.
parietinus, A. bicaudatus, A. blasthophthorus, A. composticola, A. graminis, and A. limberi
dominate.
From the group of phytohelminths with a specific pathogenic effect, Q. capitatus, H. erythrinae,
P. pratensis, M. incognita, M. javanica, and D. dipsaci prevailed.
The main phytonematode community of the pomegranate root system is represented by the
species C. persegnis, Ch. sclerovaginatus, P. rigidus, A. avenae, A. parietinus, A. bicaudatus, A.
composticola, A. graminis, A. limberi, Q. capitatus, H. erythrinae, P. pratensis, M. incognita, M.
javanica, and D. dipsaci.
In the root system, in terms of species composition, representatives of the order Tylenchida
dominate, containing 34.5% of all detected species in the root system of plants. In terms of the
number of individuals, representatives of the Aphelenchida order prevail, which is 47.7% of all
registered individuals in the roots of pomegranate plants.
The following species dominate in the root soil and root system of pomegranate plants: C.
persegnis, Ch. sclerovaginatus, P. rigidus, Rh. brevispina, A. avenae, A. parietinus, A.bicaudatus,
A.blasthophthorus, A. composticola, A. graminis, A. limberi, Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus,
T.claytoni, Q. capitatus, H. erythrinae, P. pratensis, M. incognita, M. javanica, and D. dipsaci.
During the period of research on pomegranate agrocenoses of the territory of South Uzbekistan,
we identified 128 species of phytonematodes belonging to 3 subclasses, 7 orders, 13 suborders,
21 superfamilies, 30 families, 34 subfamilies and 54 genera. All detected phytonematodes by
orders are distributed as follows: (Table 1.).
Table 1.
Taxonomic composition of pomegranate plant nematodes (by order)
Orders
Number
of
specie
%
Number
of
individual
%
Enoplida
3
2,3
328
1,5
Mononchida
2
1,6
90
0,4
Dorylaimida
26
20,3
1526
6,8
Plectida
4
3,1
140
0,6
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Rhabditida
30
23,4
5294
23,5
Aphelenchida
23
18,0
7744
34,3
Tylenchida
40
31,3
7431
32,9
Total:
128
100
22553
100
Order Enoplida is represented by 2 suborders: Oncholaimina and Tripyloidina; 2 superfamilies:
Oxystominoidea and Tripyloidea; 2 families: Alaimidae and Prismatolaimidae; 2 subfamilies:
Alaiminae and Prismatolaiminae; 2 genera: Alaimus and Prismatolaimus; 3 species (which is
2.3% of the total number of species). A total of 328 specimens (1.5% of the total number of
detected plant nematodes).
The order Mononchida includes one suborder Mononchina, one superfamily Mononchoidea, one
family Múlonchulidae, one subfamily Mylonchulinae, one genus Mylonchulus and 2 species
(1.6%). A total of 90 individuals (0.4%) of phytonematodes were registered.
The order Dorylaimida is represented by 2 suborders: Dorylaimina and Diphtherophorina; 4
superfamilies: Nygolaimoidea, Dorylaimoidea, Leptonchoidea, and Diphtherophoroidea; 9
families: Nygolaimidae, Dorylaimidae, Qudsianematidae, Aporcelaimidae, Nordiidae,
Xiphinematidae, Leptonchidae, Tylencholaimidae and Diphtherophoridae; 9 subfamilies:
Nygolaiminae,
Mesodorylaiminae,
Qudsianematinae,
Aporcelaiminae,
Nordiinae,
Xiphinematinae, Leptonchinae, Tylencholaiminae and Diphtherophorinae; 11 genera:
Nygolaimus, Mesodorylaimus, Eudorylaimus, Ecumenicus, Labronema, Aporcelaimellus,
Longidorella, Xiphinema, Leptonchus, Tylencholaimus and Diphtherophora; 26 species (20.3%).
A total of 1526 individuals (6.8%) of phytonematodes were found.
Order Plectida includes one superfamily Plectoidea, one family Plectidae, one subfamily
Plectinae; 2 genera: Plectus and Proteroplectus, 4 species (3.1%), a total of 140 specimens (0.6%)
of phytonematodes.
The order Rhabditida includes 2 suborders: Cephalobina and Rhabditina: 3 superfamilies:
Cephaloboidea, Panagrolaimoidea and Rhabditoidea; 3 families: Cephalobidae, Panagrolaimidae
and Rhabditidae; 5 subfamilies: Cephalobinae, Acrobelinae, Panagrolaiminae, Peloderinae and
Rhabditinae; 10 genera: Heterocephalobus, Cephalobus, Eucephalobus, Acrobeloides,
Chiloplacus, Cervidellus, Acrobeles, Panagrolaimus, Xylorhabditis and Rhabditis; 30 species
(23.4%). A total of 5294 individuals (23.5%) of phytonematodes were identified.
The order Aphelenchida is represented by one suborder - Aphelenchina, one superfamily -
Aphelenchоidea, 3 families: Aphelenchidae, Aphelenchoididae and Seinuridae; 3 subfamilies:
Aphelenchinae, Aphelenchoidinae and Seinurinae, 3 genera: Aphelenchus, Aphelenchoides and
Seinura, 23 species (18.0%). A total of 7744 individuals (34.3%) of phytonematodes were
recorded.
The order Tylenchida detachment covers 3 suborder: Tylenchina, Criconematina and Hexatylina,
6 superfamilies: Tylenchoidea, Dolichodoroidea, Hoplolaimoidea, Criconematoidea,
Anguinoidea and Sphaerularioidea, 9 families: Tylenchidae, Dolichodoridae, Psilenchidae,
Hoplolaimidae,
Pratylenchidae,
Meloidogynidae,
Paratylenchidae,
Anguinidae
and
Sphaerulariidae, 11 subfamilies: Tylenchinae, Tylenchorhynchinae, Psilenchinae, Rotylenchinae,
Rotylenchoidinae,
Pratylenchinae,
Meloidogyninae,
Paratylenchinae,
Anguininae,
Nothotylenchinae and Sphaerulariinae, 14 genera: Tylenchus, Filenchus, Aglenchus, Bitylenchus,
Quinisulcius, Psilenchus, Rotylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne,
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Paratylenchus, Ditylenchus, Nothotylenchus and Prothallonema, 40 species (31.3%). A total of
7431 individuals (32.9%) of phytonematodes were registered.
CONCLUSION
The above analysis shows that among the orders in terms of species composition, the order
Tylenchida occupies the first place, accounting for 31.3% of all detected species of nematodes of
pomegranate plants. This is followed by the order Rhabditida (23.4%), followed by Dorylaimida
(20.3%) and the order Aphelenchida (18.0%).
In terms of the number of individuals among the orders, the Aphelenchida order takes the first
place - 34.3% of the total number of detected phytonematodes. Then the orders Tylenchida-
32.9%, Rhabditida-23.5% and Dorylaimida-6.8%.
In the faunistic complex, pomegranate plant nematodes are represented by 30 families. The most
diverse in terms of species composition is the family Cephalobidae, which accounts for 18.3% of
all detected species of pomegranate plant nematodes. Then Aphelenchoididae - 15.4%,
Qudsianematidae - 8.2%, Tylenchidae - 6.9 and Anguinidae - 6.2% each.
Aphelenchoididae ranks first in the number of individuals among families. It contains the main
number (35.2%) of phytonematodes, followed by Cephalobidae - 14.2%, Meloidogynidae - 6.3%,
Aphelenchidae - 5.4%, Anguinidae - 4.9% and Hoplolaimidae - 4.2% individuals.
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