International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental
65
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmef
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue 05 2025
PAGE NO.
65-68
10.37547/ijmef/Volume05Issue05-13
Advanced International Experience in Rating Foreign
Trade Participants and Possibilities of Implementing
Them in Uzbekistan
Mamarajabov Abdisamad Saidmurat ugli
Customs Institute of the Customs Committee, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Received:
31 March 2025;
Accepted:
29 April 2025;
Published:
31 May 2025
Abstract:
This article discusses the implementation of import rating systems in the United States, Canada, the
United States of America, Canada, Lithuania, and Vietnam, as well as the mechanisms of their fraudulent business
operations. Unlike in other countries, each of these methods is designed in accordance with the analysis and
analysis procedures. In the course of the study, the possibilities of their export to Uzbekistan are discussed in
detail in the context of the production of necessary materials in each case, their implementation, and their natural
resources. The importance of rating systems based on key criteria such as compliance, financial condition,
vulnerability, and barbarity, their role in minimizing the vulnerability and vulnerability of importers, and the
necessary ways to implement the established systems in Uzbekistan are analyzed.
Keywords:
Importer rating assessment, customs authorities, financial stability, security, legal compliance, AHP
method, Enterprise Credit Management System, Importer Risk Assessment Framework, Importer Rating System,
compliance with standards.
Introduction:
Each state determines and regularly
publishes a rating of the level of integrity of its business
entities based on their direction, location, position, and
similar characteristics. These rating systems are often
compiled not by government organizations, but by non-
governmental organizations, agencies, or publishing
houses such as magazines. Of course, the rating results
compiled by them show the real situation at the
moment. This, in turn, should not only leave the results
in the form of information, but also give some effect to
its future users.
Therefore, the practice of rating assessment of entities
and the official application of rating results in the
Republic of Uzbekistan has been sufficiently
established and is showing its practical results. [1]
There are also rating systems that analyze the activities
of foreign trade participants (importers and exporters)
and produce objective and real results. These systems
are already being implemented in developed foreign
countries. Recognizing the possibility that their study
and application by developing countries may not yield
the expected results, it is beneficial to implement them
in relevant fields.
Literature review
There is a lot of literature covering the import and
export of the countries under study, the features of
assessing their implementers, and other aspects, which
were studied by such foreign scholars as Kazunobu
Hayakawa [2], Aoi Tsukioka [3], Sangita Gayatri Kannan
[4], Xia Tong [5], Nguyen Hong Nga [6].
Also, along with many articles, relevant information is
provided on the official Internet pages of state customs
authorities and other foreign trade control
organizations.
Also, reports, recommendations, and guidelines on the
topic developed by the relevant organizations of these
countries were studied.
METHODOLOGY
The theoretical and methodological basis of the
research consists of the results of scientific research by
foreign scientists devoted to the study of the rating
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
significance, the problems of its determination and
formation, scientific approaches, scientific materials
published on the topic in statistical, periodical
information
publications,
Internet
resources
(information from the official website).
The following methods were used in this article:
analysis and synthesis, systematic approach, induction
and deduction, comparison, grouping, comparison,
sample observation, economic and statistical methods,
logical generalization.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
According to foreign sources, in 2023, 14.6 percent of
world imports (3.16 trillion. USA), the United States of
America ranked first in terms of countries. China,
Germany, Great Britain, and France were among the
top five countries in terms of import volumes. [7]
The Journal of Commerce annually publishes its "Top
100 Importer/Exporter Rankings," a ranking of US
entrepreneurs based on last year's statistics, in May. In
this system, only the weight indicator (TEU-Twenty-
foot Equivalent Unit) was used [8]. There is another
rating announcement, which is published on the official
pages of the American Journal of Transportation (AJOT)
[9].
In contrast, a rating of importers of a certain group of
goods is also maintained, but also based on a single
indicator. [10]
The results of such rankings are based on one or a
certain type of indicator and are published only for
statistical purposes. No analysis or calculation is
performed to identify them, and the result is not
considered useful.
Many countries use the rating of business entities for
two systems:
-
Authorized Economic Operator (Authorized
Economic Operator);
-
Risk Management System (Risk Management
System).
Both of these systems exist in the Republic of
Uzbekistan and have been effective for several years
[11].
Analysis of the results of the activities of importers into
the country is carried out by a number of countries and
is widely used.
In particular, the Importer Self-Assessment (ISA)
program, introduced by the US Border and Customs
Service in 2002, allows importers to assess and manage
compliance with customs legislation through their
internal control systems. This program is aimed at
increasing the level of compliance of importers by
independently checking their activities.
This program uses the rating system internally and does
not publish it publicly, and entrepreneurs who show
good results are accepted as members. There are also
several requirements for membership, which include
criteria such as import experience, cases of violations,
and the internal control system.
Canada also has an "Importer Rating System," which is
evaluated based on the degree of compliance of
importing companies with customs regulations. This
valuation system categorizes importers into reliable,
medium-risk, and high-risk categories based on criteria
such as the importer's financial stability, violations and
errors in their import activities, customs duty discipline,
the authenticity of submitted documents, accuracy in
product classification, and objectivity in ongoing
calculations [12].
In addition, the State Customs Service of China and
other government bodies have a system aimed at
regulating and stimulating the private sector, which is
called the Enterprise Credit Management System
(ECMS).
Through this system, entrepreneurs are divided into
certified, general, and unreliable groups. In this case, as
in the case of Canada, it is assessed on the basis of
information on the main activities, information on
import-export activities, information on administrative
and criminal penalties, and information on the license
for activities. The peculiarity is that entrepreneurs who
are divided into a distrustful group are punished, and
one of the distinctive types of punishment is their
public disclosure [13].
In Vietnam, the assessment of importers is also carried
out, and they widely use the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy
Process) method. This method is a complex analytical
method aimed at simplifying the decision-making
process and comparing various factors, and AHP is
mainly used to assess the reliability, financial stability,
and compliance of importers with safety requirements.
In the practical application of the AHP method, several
criteria (factors such as financial condition, reliability,
security, and compliance with legislation) are first
selected to determine the main characteristics of
importers. Based on these criteria, each importer is
assigned a score, and a rating is developed based on
comparison. Based on the scores assigned for each
criterion, importers can be ranked in the overall rating,
which makes it easier for customs authorities and other
regulators to make decisions. [14]
The experience, systems, and methods analyzed above
are also present in other countries and have different
manifestations. Analysis of the existing systems of the
countries of America, Canada, China, and Vietnam can
be seen based on the following comparative table
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
(Table 1).
Table 1.
Comparative analysis table of existing official rating systems aimed at rating
importers in developed countries
System
Fin
an
cial
stat
u
s
S
afe
ty
L
aw
-
ab
id
in
gn
ess
S
ales e
xp
er
ience
Com
p
li
an
ce
with stan
d
ar
d
s
S
tabi
li
ty
Re
li
ab
il
ity
Rank
in
g (based
on
p
oin
ts)
USA. Importer
Risk
Assessment
Framework
(IRAF)
+
+
+
-
-
-
+
+
Canada.
Importer
Rating System
(CBSA)
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
China.
Enterprise
Credit
Management
System
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Vietnam.
AHP
(Analytical
Hierarchy
Process)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
The importer valuation systems of America, Canada,
China, and Vietnam operate with different approaches.
According to the analysis results, the IRAF system in
America focuses mainly on financial risk and security,
but factors such as stability and trade experience are
taken into account less. Canada's CBSA system assesses
financial status, security, compliance, and compliance
with standards, but less attention is paid to
sustainability factors. The Chinese Enterprise Credit
Management System also takes into account stability
and trade experience, as well as clearly defines general
reliability criteria. The AHP method in Vietnam is also
based on assessing all important criteria, including
financial status and security, and the importance of
each criterion is clearly defined.
All systems are aimed at ensuring the reliability and
security of importers, but the system of each country
focuses on different criteria and their significance.
During the analysis, when studying the public
disclosure of the results of the rating systems used in
the countries, the results are not published in the USA
and Vietnam, and the results are given only to customs
authorities and entrepreneurs. The results of the
system used in Canada and China will be announced to
the public.
Some aspects of the above-mentioned experiments are
partially applied in the Republic of Uzbekistan, but are
limited only to the risk management system. As can be
seen from the table, the rating assessment must
include criteria for financial condition, safety, and
compliance with the law. These criteria cover many
aspects and are not limited to a single indicator.
CONCLUSION
The customs rating of foreign trade activity of the
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
subjects under study contributes to increasing the
effectiveness
of
measures
currently
being
implemented to support entrepreneurs, creating a
competitive environment in this area, and increasing
investment attractiveness.
Of course, if we look deeper, the assessment of the
activities of foreign trade participants based on
relevant indicators clearly shows how stable their
financial situation is, how law-abiding they are, and
what the actual state of import activity is. In short, it
creates an opportunity for us to call the entrepreneur
reliable and honest in terms of import activities.
At the same time, the activities of entities that have
shown low results will be reviewed, it will be possible
to determine in which direction they are lagging, and
accordingly, it will be possible to implement specific
measures.
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