INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 09,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 183
NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES AND COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
Abdullayev Alibek Qodiraliyevich
Kokand State University Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences
(DSc), Associate Professor
Abstract;
Currently, computer networks are developing rapidly. It is difficult to imagine any
organization or institution without computer networks. The Internet, a global international
computer network that emerged at the end of the 20th century, is proof of this. This network is
becoming one of the electronic forms of information that many people receive daily from
newspapers, journals, and books. Therefore, using and studying the structure of computer
networks and obtaining information from them is of great importance.
Keywords;
Technology, network, computer, Internet – international, information, supply,
electronic
.
Content of the Subject
The objective of teaching this subject is to educate students on how to
overcome network-related problems they may encounter in their professional field, and to
provide them with sufficient knowledge to become specialists as future subject teachers.
The task of the subject is to provide students with information about computer networks, to
show the role of information technologies in every person's life and in the development of
society, to reveal the possibilities of regional, local, and global computer networks, to form
concepts on when and for what purposes to use data in computer networks, and to provide
knowledge on how to generate data to be placed on the global network.
Network technologies
are technologies that enable communication in network mode (English:
network technologies, Russian: сетевые технологии).
Network technologies are a set of standards that define the minimum level of software-
hardware composition for organizing and coordinating computer networks. As a rule, network
technologies define and specify network topology, as well as the protocol at the channel level.
Network technologies are a unified set of rules for transmitting and delivering data in the form
of software, hardware, and protocols. Data exchange is carried out with network adapters, as
well as through various connectors and cables.
Network technologies form the basis of information and communication technologies, and their
application in various fields provides the following opportunities:
Mutual use of a single printer, copier, and other devices by several computers on the
network;
Conducting business and other collaborations over wide areas via VPN (Virtual Private
Networks);
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 09,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 184
Shared use of information from one computer as a backup storage and management of
several computers in a client-server model;
Using telephone services with IP telephony, i.e., voice traffic (speech) transmission
between two subscribers, or with VoIP (Voice over IP - reconstruction of analog signals from
packets and discrete signals received on the network, or vice versa) technologies;
Conducting e-commerce online in an e-commerce model;
Shared use of electronic journals and newspapers;
IPTV (IPTelevision - internet television) technologies;
Wiki, e-mail, and internet social networks;
Broadband network services and its many possibilities.
The term
broadband network
refers to continuous and high-speed internet connectivity.
However, this is not just about data transfer speed, but also a special way of using the World
Wide Web.
A broadband network client can transmit and receive large amounts of data, including color
images, audio and video clips, animation, television content, and more, at any time. A
broadband network provides the most modern services to the client, regardless of where they
are connected. The client will have more opportunities in multimedia and business information
provision, including file sharing, telephone, and banking services, and more.
Broadband networks enable the opening of new sectors and the development of existing ones.
They open up new opportunities for economic growth and investment, and job creation. They
facilitate the development of remote settlements, create favorable conditions for commerce for
local authorities, provide highly qualified medical services, enable remote work, high-speed
data access, and participation in public administration.
One of the broadband network technologies is
FTTx technology
. FTTx - the name is derived
from the initial letters of the English words Fiber to the x, meaning "optical fiber to point x".
Fiber to the Home/Building means "optics to every home". This term is used for all computer
networks where an optical cable is used up to a certain distance (point x) from the
communication node. The FTTx system opens up great opportunities for new services to
broadband subscribers.
According to experience in using computer networks, delaying users' access to the Internet,
which is considered the global computer network, can completely negatively affect various
aspects of any country's life, including:
Lack of timely and necessary modern information about the latest scientific and
technical achievements in the world leads to lagging in the development of science and high-
tech industries, which in turn can negatively affect the development of all sectors of the
economy;
Low level of information communication can negatively affect the country's trade and
foreign economic relations;
The absence of reliable information about the country's cultural, historical, national,
literary, artistic, and other riches on the global computer network (Internet) can lead to "cultural
isolation" from the outside world;
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 09,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 185
A country may lose a valuable source of state budget revenue - the sale of information
intellectual products and service industries. In the context of computer (computing) networks,
the following possibilities are envisaged:
Access to data in distributed databases;
Expansion of the list of tasks to be solved for information production;
Increasing the reliability of the information system by duplicating EHM operations;
Creation of new types of service;
Decrease in the cost of information processing.
Main Requirements for Modern Computer Networks
The main requirement for modern computer networks stems from their primary purpose: to
provide users with simple, convenient, and reliable access to distributed network resources.
Other requirements such as productivity, reliability, expandability, transparency (openness),
and others are linked to the quality of fulfilling this primary requirement.
In general, quality use of network services implies two requirements for the network:
productivity
and
reliability
. There are two approaches to quality use of computer network
services:
In the first approach, the computer network guarantees a specific type of service to the user. For
example, a packet sent by User A to User B should not be delayed by more than 150 ms, or the
average data throughput of the communication channel serving Users A and B should not be
less than 5 Mbit/second, and so on. Guaranteeing networks include: Frame Relay, ATM, and
others.
In the second approach, services are provided in a computer network based on user priority.
This type of service is called "best effort." The network strives to provide good service
according to its capabilities, but does not guarantee quality service.
Network expandability
refers to the ability to connect new users, additional computers,
applications, services, and devices to the network.
Network scalability
refers to the network's
performance not decreasing after expansion.
Network transparency ("openness")
. According to the motto of Sun Microsystems specialists:
"The network is the computer." This motto indicates the network's transparency and
"openness." Not informing users about certain shortcomings that appear in the network is also
considered transparency.
Ability to support various types of network traffic.
Problems with computer and multimedia
traffic.
Network management
refers to centralized control of the main elements of the network,
analysis of its effectiveness, and planning of network development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 09,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 186
Network adaptability.
If a computer network has various hardware, software, and
technological provisions, it is called a heterogeneous network. If a heterogeneous network
operates without any problems, it is called an integrated network.
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