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CONCEPT OF PILGRIMAGE TOURISM AND ITS SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS
Z.B.Navruzzoda
Associate Professor of the Department of Economics, Bukhara State University
S.K. Imomova.
Student of the Department of Economics, Bukhara State University
Resume:
The article covers the types of tourism and the views of scholars on tourism.
Keywords:
tourist travel, tourism industry, religious tourism, pilgrimage tourism, sports tourism,
hajj pilgrimage.
Tourism has become an integral and necessary part of human life since ancient times. Sooner or
later, one feels the need to travel. There are more than 300 types of tourism in the world, and
they are constantly being replenished with new types that can satisfy the most diverse desires and
needs of tourists. The most important characteristic of tourist activity is the person's free time. A
tourist trip should last at least 24 hours and not exceed 6 months, which is very important for
tourism statistics and the economics of the tourism industry.
Religious tourism in the direction of educational excursion includes visiting religious centers,
where tourists can visit religious monuments - existing religious monuments, museums,
participate in prayer ceremonies, meditations and other religious activities. This type of tourism
is closely related to religious scientific tourism. Scientists visit the centers of existing religions,
countries and regions with rich religious traditions. Such trips are not numerous, but they expand
the geography of tourist trips. Scholars are interested in the religious heritage - manuscripts,
various religious objects, architectural forms of modern and past religions, and other things.
Researchers are sent to centers of existing religions. Eastern countries - China, India, and Japan -
are of interest to the West and Russia. Places of lost religions are visited - Egypt, Greece, Italy
and Central America.
A religious tourist is a person who travels outside their usual place of residence for a period not
exceeding six months to visit sacred places and religious centers. Religious tourism should be
understood as activities related to the provision of services and meeting the needs of tourists
visiting sacred places and religious centers outside their usual environment. Religious tourism is
divided into two main types:
- Pilgrimages;
- Attractions of religious tourism.
In pilgrimage tourism, the tourism of spiritual pilgrims has a special place.
In religious tourism and pilgrimage, tourists spend money on transportation, accommodation,
and food, but this criterion does not provide the opportunity to combine them. Pilgrimage is an
integral part of the modern tourism industry. Pilgrimage is the oldest form of travel known to
mankind for over a thousand years. Pilgrimage is a journey or journey on foot to holy places
with specific religious purposes.
The Hajj, in one form or another, is accepted in almost all religions and pagan religions.
Pilgrimage is a religious tourism, a journey of people of different religions for the purpose of
pilgrimage. The word "pilgrimage" comes from the Russian word "Паломничество" - "palm":
In the Middle Ages, Christian pilgrims who traveled to the Holy Land brought a palm branch
from there. The idea of Hajj refers to behavior under certain difficulties, voluntary
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obligations to be in these conditions. It means that a person is willing to sacrifice the temporary
for the eternal spirituality. In Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and other religions, especially,
the pilgrimage has developed along already existing routes. People go on pilgrimages when there
are not enough rituals in their usual places. They go to holy places or to learn about new
religious places. Pilgrimages include visiting the tombs of saints. These can be monasteries,
temples, natural objects - mountains, rivers, lakes, gardens, caves. Pilgrims usually visit a
particular shrine or monastery on the day of remembrance of a locally revered saint. The goals of
the hajj are thus: - participation in religious ceremonies; - spiritual development; - fulfillment of
vows or penances to atone for sins; - celebration of religious ceremonies.
Excursion and educational religious tourism includes visits to religious centers where tourists
can see religious objects - existing religious monuments, museums, participate in religious
ceremonies, participate in religious ceremonies, meditations and other religious activities.
Religious heritage of scholars - manuscripts, various religious objects, is of interest. Researchers
are sent to centers of existing religions, countries and regions with rich religious traditions.
The functional classification of tourism types is determined by the purpose of the trip. According
to these characteristics, the following main types of tourism are distinguished: - leisure; - health;
- cognitive; - sports; - ethnic; - religious; - transit; - educational and others.
Cognitive (excursion) tourism includes trips to natural and historical-cultural attractions,
museums, theaters, and the customs of the people of the country being visited. A trip can have
both cognitive and recreational purposes.
Sports tourism includes travel for sporting events in specific countries and regions. This, in turn,
can be divided into professional and hobby tourism. As "special types of tourism", we are
interested in amateur tourism, which can be divided into the following types: winter and summer,
as well as water, air, desert and mountain sports.
Religious tourism is based on the religious needs of people of different religions. Religious
tourism can be called the oldest, its roots go back to ancient times.
Transit tourism includes two types:
- the movement of air passengers who do not enter the country, but only transfer to a connecting
flight;
- the movement of tourists who travel to their final destination with a short stopover connecting
flights to third countries.
Educational tourism includes trips lasting from 15 days to 3 months to deepen knowledge or
improve skills in various subjects. Currently, the most popular are study tours aimed at learning
foreign languages or deepening a foreign language.
The Quran establishes the five pillars of Islam. These include practicing Islam, praying, giving
charity, fasting, and making a pilgrimage to Mecca, the Sacred Mosque and its main shrine, the
Kaaba. Every Muslim, if physically fit and wealthy, is required to make the pilgrimage at least
once in his or her lifetime. Pilgrimage includes visiting the holy places in Mecca and Medina.
Non-Muslims are prohibited from entering these cities. These are the only cities in the world
where people of one religion are allowed. Researchers are sent to centers of existing religions,
countries and regions with rich religious traditions.
In Medina, pilgrims visit the tombs of Muhammad and his companions: Abu Bakr, Umar, and
Uthman. Medina (Arabic for "city") was the refuge of the prophet after his 622 km flight from
Mecca. From the date of this flight (Arabic for "hujrah"), Muslims establish their own
chronology. A pilgrimage to Medina can be made before or after the main pilgrimage to Mecca.
Mecca, the homeland of the Prophet, is the holiest city in Islam. It is the capital of the Kingdom
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of God, the mother of cities. The Kaaba is a black cube-shaped building. It is located in the
center of the courtyard of the main mosque. According to legend, Adam built a temple here and
Abraham rebuilt it. Thus, it is undoubtedly the oldest religious site in the world. Without a doubt,
the Kaaba was a place of worship for pagans before Islam, and they went there for great
celebrations. Before Muhammad became a prophet, he was involved in the rebuilding of the
Kaaba. The Kaaba contains the famous black stone, which pilgrims touch with their own hands,
representing the hand of God. However, the stone is not something to be worshipped: this is
strictly against Islam, especially when it comes to idols. However, in the 10th century, the stone
was removed. For 21 years, the customs of the Arabs of Oman and its vicinity remained
unchanged. In practice, the stone serves mainly to mark the starting point of the rituals
performed by believers around the Kaaba.
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