162
Shunday qilib, yuqorida qisqacha k
o‘
rib chiqilgan va taklif qilingan usullar fizikani
o‘
qitishda va
o‘
quvchilarning bilim darajasini oshirishga ozmi k
o‘
pmi xizmar qilsa,
maqsadga muvofiq b
o‘
lar edideb xisoblardik.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar r
o‘
yxati:
1.Akbarova F.J., Fizika darslarida innovatsion texnologiyalardan foydalanish.,
Scientific progress.,V2, N6, 2021., p.p.1225-1228.
2.Mirtojiyev F.M. Umumiy fizika kursini
o‘
qitishda tizimlash usulidan foydalanish.,
2023-yil 16-iyun. Buxoro.,
“Raqamli iqtisodiyot, elektron hukumat va sun’iy intellekt
uchun dasturiy vositalar, axborotlarni qayta ishlashning zamonaviy usullari”
respublika
ilmiy
–
amaliy anjuman materiallari.
THE CONCEPT OF PROFESSIONAL THINKING AND ITS CONTENT
Kurbanova G.N., Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor
Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali Ibn Sino
Thinking is the highest form of human intellectual activity, the process of reflecting
objective reality in consciousness, and since ancient times it has been constantly studied
as one of the main objects of scientific interests of philosophical, pedagogical,
psychological and physiological sciences. research.
The ancient philosophers Aristotle, Democritus, Socrates, Epicurus recognized
thinking as a unity of the psyche and impressions and were the first to classify the laws
and forms of thinking. Philosophers of the new era Dj. Locke, F. Bacon, K. Galvesiy,
D. Gumlar defined the manifestation of thinking as: feeling, perception, imagination and
reflection. In classical German philosophy (E. Kant, I. Fichte, F. Schelling, G. Hegel),
thinking acts as a symbol of the independence of the subject. German philosophers of the
18th century paid attention to the manifestation of thinking as specific forms arising as a
result of labor activity and social practice.
Representatives of the Wurzburg school (A. Kulpe, A. Mayer, K. Buhler, K. Taylor)
tried to conduct an experimental study of thinking in the history of psychology. Contrary
to the associative theory, they showed the features of an ordered direction of thinking,
showed the decisive importance of thinking in the manifestation of a person's
personality through the process of thinking.
Also, representatives of behaviorism, Gestalt psychology and psychoanalysis (B.
Skinner, A. Bandura, Z. Freud, A. K. Jung), based on their teachings, investigated the
manifestations of thinking as a separate phenomenon and substantiated their views.
Thinking is a tool for understanding the environment, social phenomena, reality, as
well as the main condition for human activity. This is the highest cognitive process,
reflecting reality more fully and clearly than intuition, perception and imagination [
Agzamova 2001, 23]
Thinking is a special function of the human brain. Its neurophysiological basis is
the interaction of the first and second signaling systems. In the process of thinking, a
person forms thoughts, opinions, ideas, hypotheses, etc., and they are expressed in the
human mind in the form of concepts, judgments, and conclusions.
Through human thinking, it generalizes reality and indirectly (indirectly)
understands the most important connections, relationships and features between things
and events. Consequently, a person has the ability to foresee the emergence,
development and consequences of social phenomena and events on the basis of certain
163
laws, regulations and rules. Thinking is the object of study in many areas of science
(philosophy, logic, sociology, pedagogy, physiology, cybernetics, biology). In psychology,
thinking is divided into several types according to the degree of generalization of reality,
the nature of the means of solving problems, the novelty of situations for a person, the
level of human activity (visual action, visual image, practical activity). theoretical,
arbitrary,
involuntary,
abstract,
creative,
etc.)
are
studied
separately
[Arzikulov 2002, 22].
Communication and relationships between people in public life, the educational
process and production are also manifested through thinking. In the team, such qualities
of thinking as a critical view, self-criticism, evaluation, verification, self-analysis, control,
self-control, group reasoning are formed.
The perception of a person by a person is also inextricably linked with thinking.
Creative works, discoveries, inventions, proposals are products of thinking. Psychology
also studies phylogenetic (the period of the emergence of mankind), ontogenetic
(throughout a person's life) historical aspects of thinking. Many complex issues of
modern science require a deeper study of the logical processes in thinking
[Asadov 2007, 25].
It should be noted that thinking in the direction of philosophical research arises
primarily as a socio-historical process that realizes the cognitive abilities of a person.
In the history of Western psychology, the associative, behavioral, gestural and
cognitive directions of the study of thinking are recognized as the main conceptual
approaches.
Representatives
of
the
direction
of
associative
psychology (D.Hartley, J.Priestley, G.Ebbinghaus, W.Wundt) consider thinking as a
process that is due to the associative connection of past connections and current sensory
experience, from its main functions deny the state of creative synthesis of existing
knowledge and cannot go beyond the boundaries of the subjective world and the world
of representations as the main and only object of knowledge [Kurbanova 2019, 5:207]
Thinking is the object of study in many areas of science (philosophy, logic,
sociology, pedagogy, physiology, cybernetics, biology). In psychology, thinking is divided
into several types according to the degree of generalization of reality, the nature of the
means of solving problems, the novelty of situations for a person, the level of human
activity (demonstration of actions, demonstration-image, practical, theoretical,
arbitrary, involuntary, abstract, creative, etc.) separately.
Communication and relationships between people in public life, the educational
process and production are also manifested through thinking. In the team, such qualities
of thinking as a critical view, self-criticism, evaluation, verification, self-analysis, control,
self-control, group reasoning are formed. The perception of a person by a person is also
inextricably linked with thinking. Creative works, discoveries, inventions, proposals are
products of thinking. Psychology also studies phylogenetic (the period of the emergence
of mankind), ontogenetic (throughout a person's life) historical aspects of thinking.
Many complex issues of modern science require a deeper study of the logical processes
in thinking [Kurbanova 2020, 24:3067]
Thinking is the activity of the brain, thanks to which a person can represent and
express with the help of words and images various states of his div, real and abstract
bodies and phenomena of existence. As can be seen from the general classification of
thinking, words and images play an important role in this basic function of human brain
activity, i. e., through the interaction of direct and verbal influence with various activities
of the div, the emerging temporal relationships [Kurbanova 2019, 415:550]. In this
case, temporal relations are the physiological apparatus of thinking, its analytic-
164
synthetic mechanism. As a result of the analysis and synthesis of stimuli and the activity
of the div's reaction to them, temporary connections are not only accumulated in
memory, but also extracted from them and serve as material for creating new
connections and constantly forming connections from them. does. These mechanisms
are characterized by self-management and continuous activity, as a result of which they
retrieve temporary connections stored in memory, create new and systematic
connections from them, and form from them a complex with constantly formed
associations. In modern physiology, these mechanisms are considered reflex, but this
does not deny the existence of circulatory processes that underlie self-regulation within
the framework of reflexivity [Kurbanova 2020, 1:447].
Man's way of thinking. An independent person makes a decision as a result of the
influence of objective conditions and subjective factors that exist in a humane,
democratic society. Although objective conditions are decisive in the formation of an
independent personality, subjective factors: the family, preschool institutions, general
education schools, secondary specialized and higher educational institutions, labor
collectives, micro districts, political parties, cultural and educational associations and
other public organizations are of decisive importance. incomparable impact on
educational and ideological work under a single program [Kurbanova 2020, 5:102].
An independent person embodies three main components: independent thinking,
independent work and independent living. These components work in close interaction
and undoubtedly influence each other. But the independence of a person depends, first
of all, on his ability to think. Thanks to the same ability, a person determines the essence
of phenomena, events, processes that he sees, knows, hears happening around him,
whether they are right or wrong, true or false. [Kurbanova 2020, 4:1013]. To be more
specific, thanks to the same ability, a person finds solutions to the problems that arise in
his daily life.
Specific characteristics and levels of manifestation of different types of thinking in
solving problems and tasks of a certain content make it possible to comprehend the
features of the human mind (depth, breadth, flexibility, critical observation, speed and
independence).
A unique combination of mental qualities characterizes the way of thinking of a
person through its stable manifestation in solving various problems. There are synthetic,
idealistic, pragmatic, analytical, realistic styles of thinking [Kurbanova 2019, 3:28].
Summing up, we can say that thinking in psychology is divided into several types
according to the degree of generalization of reality, the nature of the means of solving
problems, the novelty of situations for a person, the level of human activity (visual
action, visual - figurative, practical, theoretical, arbitrary, involuntary, abstract, creative,
etc.).
Thus, the concept of "professional thinking" appears as a form of thinking that
determines the level of maturity of a specialist in the process of carrying out a particular
professional activity, which does not have a clear definition generally accepted in
science.
References:
1. Agzamova E.Yu. Factors determining the manifestation of individual
psychological characteristics of the personality of employees of internal affairs bodies.
// Tashkent. - 2001. - p. 23.
2. Arzikulov D.N. Psychological features of professional development Abstract of
candidate of psychological sciences. // Tashkent. - 2002. - p. 22.
165
3. Asadov Yu.M. Individual psychological characteristics of the teacher as factors in
the development of professionalism // Tashkent. - 2007.
–
p. 25.
4. Kurbanova G.N. Ways to improve the effectiveness of training Russian language
of medical students using interactive technologies in the classroom in the Russian
language // Bulletin of the Tajik National University. - 2019. -
№5. –
pp. 207-212.
5.
Kurbanova G.N. Pedagogical and psychological bases on developing students’
professional thinking in medical pedagogical education // International Journal of
Psychosocial Rehabilitation. - 03/2020. -
№24. –
p. 3059-3067.
6. Kurbanova G.N. Development of professional thinking through communicative
skills among students of medical universities. // International Journal of Psychosocial
Rehabilitation. - 2019. -
№415.
- pp. 550-553.
7. Kurbanova G.N. The role of ancestral heritage in the development of professional
thinking of future professionals // International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. -
2020/1/30. -
№1.
- pp. 447-450.
8. Kurbanova G.N. Formation of professional thinking in the future // International
Journal for Advanced Research in Science. - 2020. - T. 10. -
№ 05.
- pp. 98-102.
9. Kurbanova G.N. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT HISTORY OF SANITARY-
HYGIENE WORKS IN THE END OF XIX AND THE BEGINNING OF XX CENTURY. //
International Journal for Advanced Research In Science & Technology. - 2020/4. - No. 4
(84). - pp. 1009-1013.
10. Kurbanova G.N. Formation of professional thinking among future medical
teachers // Education and development of gifted specialty.
–
2019.
–
no. 3. - pp. 25-
TADBIRKORLIK FAOLIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISHINING ZAMONAVIY ASOSLARI
Xalimova M.V., AndDPI, psixologiya fanlari doktori, professor,
O‘
zbekiston
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqolada tadbirkorlik faoliyatining umumiy ta'rifini tahlil
qilingan zamonaviy ehtiyojlardan va ilm-fanda taraqiyotidan kelib chiqib ushbu
hodisaning mohiyatini, uning
o‘
ziga xos xususiyatlarini va hatto tadbirkor atamasining
o‘
zi aniq va umuman qabul qilingan ta'rifini tushunishda hali ham birdamlikning y
o‘
qligi
bilan bo
g‘
liq b
o‘
lgan masalalar yoritilgan Tadbirkorlik faoliyatini boshqarishdagi
qiyinchiliklardan biri bu shaxslararo munosabatlar tizimidir. Ushbu niqtai nazardan
kelib chiqib har bir tadbirkor ijtimoiy psixologik xodisalarni amalda q
o‘
llay olishi
dolzarb masala ekanligi ta’kidlangan.
Kalit s
o‘
zlar:
tadbirkorlik,muvaffaqiyat maxsus psixologik fazilatlar, maxsus
psixologik moslashuv, kapital, sheriklik,lider, zamonaviy menejment, Funktsional-rolli
yondashuv.
Respublikamizda barcha ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy sohalarda tub islohotlar amalga
oshirilmoqda. Tadbirkorlik tushunchasi nafaqat iqtisodiy (foyda olish maqsadida
tovarlar ishlab chiqarish va xizmatlar ishlab chiqarish), balki psixologik tarkibga ham
ega. Biror narsa qilish, uning shartlari va oqibatlari aniq belgilanmasdan oldin faol, faol
harakatlarni amalga oshirishni, faol b
o‘
lishni anglatadi. Noaniqlik sharoitida qarorlarni
tezda qabul qilish va amalga oshirish qobiliyatini nazarda tutadigan ushbu faoliyat turini
muntazam va muvaffaqiyatli amalga oshirish qobiliyati, kundalik tilda. Shunday qilib,
tadbirkorlik bu iqtisodiy faoliyatning
o‘
ziga xos turi b
o‘
lib, uning sub'ekti maxsus
psixologik fazilatlarga ega b
o‘
lishini taxmin qiladi. Ushbu maxsus psixologik fazilatlarni
ochib berish tadbirkorlik psixologiyasining asosiy vazifasidir.Tadbirkorlik haqidagi
