ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
169
METHODS OF MODIFICATION OF POLYOLEFINS BASED ON
MINERAL FILLERS.
Amirov Abdusalom Karim ugli
Sodiqov Sardorbek Husanovich
Qosimova Nargiza Fayzulloyevna
Xusanova Muazzam Abdunazar qizi
Termez State University.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14557762
Abstract:
In this article, the literature on polypropylene modified with
vermiculite mineral filler composites was studied and a new type of
polypropylene composite material was synthesized. The ultraviolet analysis
method of the synthesized composite material was studied.
Keywords:
Polypropylene, catalyst, composite, ultraviolet, polymerization,
polyolefin.
Polyolefins, including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and
polystyrene (PS), are widely used plastics in our daily lives. Overuse and
improper handling of plastics lead to significant environmental pollution as well
as energy waste. Biodegradation of polyolefins appears to be an environmentally
friendly and low-energy method for plastic degradation. Many strains that can
degrade polyolefins have been isolated from the environment. Some enzymes
have also been identified with the function of polyolefin degradation. With the
development of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies, the
engineered strains could be used to degrade plastics
[1.79-90.b].
This paper reviews the major discoveries that have played a major role in
the polyolefin field and have established polyolefins as the most widely
produced plastic. The development of polyolefins, including the production of
LDPE (low density polyethylene) at ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) and the
discovery of Phillips or Ziegler-Natta catalysts, are highlighted in the first
section. The second section discusses the impact of the use of molecular
catalysts on polyolefin research, along with the latest advances leading to highly
efficient custom-made resins. [2.2-6.b].
According to F. Christakopoulos et al., polyolefins are semi-crystalline
thermoplastic polymers known for their good mechanical properties, low
manufacturing costs, and chemical resistance. They are one of the most widely
used plastics, and many polyolefin grades are considered engineering polymers.
Polyolefins, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, can in principle be
processed by both methods. However, the semi-crystalline nature of polyolefins
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
170
complicates the application of additive manufacturing methods compared to
amorphous polymers. First, the crystallization process leads to severe shrinkage
during cooling, and the processing temperature and cooling rate affect the
mechanical properties and mesoscopic structure of the manufactured parts.
[3.249-256.b].
The unprecedented growth and socio-economic impact of polyolefins
clearly demonstrate a great success story in the world of polymer science.
Polyolefins are revolutionizing industries such as healthcare, construction, and
food packaging. Despite the advantages of polyolefins, there is growing concern
for the environment due to their high production volume (i.e., fossil fuel
consumption), often short lifespan, and issues related to waste management and
accumulation in the natural environment. Creating a circular economy for
polyolefins through efficient recycling technologies has the potential to reduce
the environmental impact of these materials. This perspective discusses
polyolefins and their impacts, existing and emerging recycling/recycling
solutions, and recycling alternatives that challenge the status quo.[4.519-530.b]
Current recycling technologies rarely achieve 100% pure plastic fractions
from a single polymer type. Often, sorted batches containing a single polymer
type actually contain small amounts of other polymers as contaminants. This
inevitably affects the properties of the recycled plastic.[5.312-324.b].
The material properties of the single films, as well as the electrical performance
of test modules using these different encapsulants, were studied. The different
films exhibit comparable optical, thermal, and thermo-mechanical properties
with only minor differences in UV transparency and melting temperature.
[6.1277-1288.b].
In recent decades, the use of engineering plastics, especially polyolefins, has
increased significantly, mainly due to their low cost, good mechanical properties
and light weight. However, this increase in use has also brought about many
problems related to disposal and their environmental impact. This is because
polyolefins do not decompose easily in the natural environment, and therefore
the need for biodegradable polyolefins has become a major research topic.
[7.1015-1049.b].
Polyolefins, the world's largest commodity plastics, are widely used in
many industries. As representatives of the chemical processing of polyolefin
waste into fuels and bulk fine chemicals, polyolefin catalytic cracking and
hydrocracking based on zeolite or metal zeolite composite catalysts are the most
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
171
effective routes due to their large capacity and strong adaptability to existing
petrochemical equipment. [8.1482-1491.b].
Figure 1. Changes in the physical and mechanical properties of
organo-inorganic polymer materials based on mineral fillers and
polypropylene PP under the influence of UV rays with a wavelength of 290-
320 nm at a constant temperature (25 °C).
Thus, according to the results of the research, highly filled organic
polymer materials have high performance properties, resistant to low
temperatures and ultraviolet rays, and can be recommended for use in the
production of products for various purposes (in particular, in the production of
pipes) and in extreme weather conditions.
The table shows that the change in the flexural strength and impact
resistance properties of vermiculite-filled polypropylene (PP)-based organic
polymer materials under the influence of ultraviolet rays is less than 20%. In the
original unfilled polymers, a decrease in their properties is observed.
Table 1.
Polypropylene (PP)-based polymer filled with vermiculite is an
organic polymer.
Composition
composition
Impact resistance, kJ/m
2
Bending resistance,
MPa
UB until
radiation
UB after
radiation
UB until
radiation
UB after
radiation
PP
60
42
34
22
PP /VK
56
55
45
41
Abs
orba
nce(A
bs)
Wavelength(nm)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
200
300
400
(192
.0, 2
.478
6)
(198
.0, 2
.433
0)
(204
.0, 2
.418
3)
(210
.0, 2
.371
1)
(214
.0, 2
.426
5)
(220
.0, 2
.396
2)
(226
.0, 2
.463
9)
(232
.0, 2
.423
2)
(238
.0, 2
.387
4)
(242
.0, 2
.460
9)
(248
.0, 2
.437
8)
(254
.0, 2
.465
4)
(260
.0, 2
.442
5)
(264
.0, 2
.406
5)
(270
.0, 2
.442
5)
(276
.0, 2
.453
3)
(282
.0, 2
.575
2)
(298
.0, 4
.440
5)
(334
.0, 4
.428
3)
(362
.0, 4
.453
9)
(370
.0, 4
.412
6)
(384
.0, 4
.403
2)
(398
.0, 4
.498
2)
(406
.0, 4
.316
9)
(410
.0, 4
.325
5)
(414
.0, 4
.046
4)
(418
.0, 4
.013
5)
(424
.0, 3
.892
0)
(432
.0, 3
.916
3)
(436
.0, 3
.988
2)
(440
.0, 3
.978
1)
(444
.0, 4
.173
9)
(450
.0, 4
.290
0)
(466
.0, 3
.811
3)
(476
.0, 3
.893
8)
(486
.0, 3
.814
3)
(490
.0, 3
.816
8)
(498
.0, 3
.774
5)
(504
.0, 3
.825
7)
(510
.0, 3
.770
2)
(520
.0, 3
.852
7)
(528
.0, 3
.885
3)
(540
.0, 3
.927
3)
(548
.0, 3
.935
1)
(554
.0, 3
.872
5)
(560
.0, 3
.968
9)
(564
.0, 3
.908
1)
(570
.0, 3
.894
5)
(574
.0, 3
.908
1)
(582
.0, 3
.929
1)
(588
.0, 3
.943
3)
(596
.0, 3
.907
4)
(600
.0, 3
.882
0)
(604
.0, 4
.032
1)
(608
.0, 3
.876
1)
(614
.0, 4
.053
4)
(618
.0, 3
.994
4)
(632
.0, 3
.976
4)
(638
.0, 3
.925
1)
(642
.0, 3
.922
2)
(652
.0, 4
.016
5)
(658
.0, 3
.880
3)
(668
.0, 3
.954
6)
(678
.0, 4
.048
7)
(682
.0, 4
.115
7)
(688
.0, 3
.995
6)
(692
.0, 4
.050
7)
(696
.0, 3
.985
6)
(702
.0, 3
.969
6)
(710
.0, 3
.950
8)
(716
.0, 3
.928
8)
(720
.0, 4
.008
9)
(728
.0, 3
.916
8)
(734
.0, 3
.870
3)
(740
.0, 3
.915
5)
(750
.0, 3
.896
9)
(760
.0, 3
.874
7)
(764
.0, 3
.929
2)
(768
.0, 3
.932
6)
(782
.0, 3
.971
7)
(790
.0, 3
.920
9)
(794
.0, 3
.895
6)
(798
.0, 3
.896
3)
(804
.0, 3
.918
7)
(816
.0, 3
.926
1)
(824
.0, 3
.934
5)
(830
.0, 3
.932
7)
(840
.0, 3
.854
9)
(848
.0, 3
.889
1)
(852
.0, 3
.901
7)
(858
.0, 3
.950
2)
(866
.0, 3
.851
2)
(876
.0, 3
.888
9)
(882
.0, 3
.990
2)
(892
.0, 3
.880
1)
(898
.0, 3
.859
8)
(902
.0, 3
.841
0)
(908
.0, 3
.842
8)
(914
.0, 3
.897
8)
(918
.0, 3
.844
0)
(926
.0, 3
.801
3)
(932
.0, 3
.876
7)
(940
.0, 3
.797
9)
(946
.0, 3
.789
0)
(950
.0, 3
.704
5)
(954
.0, 3
.709
9)
(960
.0, 3
.710
6)
(966
.0, 3
.640
5)
(978
.0, 3
.662
0)
(984
.0, 3
.631
0)
(994
.0, 3
.679
9)
(100
4.0,
3.7
477
)
(101
0.0,
3.9
037
)
(102
0.0,
3.8
420
)
(103
8.0,
3.8
217
)
(105
4.0,
3.9
638
)
(106
6.0,
4.3
267
)
(107
4.0,
4.0
134
)
(107
8.0,
4.3
462
)
(108
2.0,
4.2
970
)
(108
8.0,
4.0
459
)
(109
8.0,
4.0
159
)
Abs
orba
nce(A
bs)
Wavelength(nm)
0
1
2
3
4
5
200
300
400
(192
.0, 2
.478
6)
(198
.0, 2
.433
0)
(204
.0, 2
.418
3)
(210
.0, 2
.371
1)
(214
.0, 2
.426
5)
(220
.0, 2
.396
2)
(226
.0, 2
.463
9)
(232
.0, 2
.423
2)
(238
.0, 2
.387
4)
(242
.0, 2
.460
9)
(248
.0, 2
.437
8)
(254
.0, 2
.465
4)
(260
.0, 2
.442
5)
(264
.0, 2
.406
5)
(270
.0, 2
.442
5)
(276
.0, 2
.453
3)
(282
.0, 2
.575
2)
(296
.0, 4
.253
5)
(302
.0, 2
.904
0)
(312
.0, 2
.866
4)
(328
.0, 2
.658
3)
(336
.0, 2
.631
6)
(348
.0, 2
.505
2)
(910
.0, 2
.303
7)
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
172
The impact strength decreased from 60 to 42 kJ/m2 in the original
polymer, and from 81 to 78 kJ/m2 in the PP/PEMA/TEAS/BT composite. It can
be seen that the basalt-containing PP-based composite retained 90% of its basic
properties after UV irradiation. It can be seen that the impact strength of the
PP/VK composites decreased from 70 to 60 kJ/m2 and from 78 to 66 kJ/m2,
respectively, after UV irradiation. It was observed that the impact strength of the
PP/VT composite decreased from 79 to 66 kJ/m2 after UV irradiation.
Studies have shown that the absorption of UV radiation by organic polymer
materials leads to the destruction of their polymer chains and a decrease in their
strength properties. The degree of polymer chain destruction increases with
increasing irradiation time, especially in unfilled polymers.
References:
1. Soares J.B.P. Polyolefin microstructural deconvolution methods: The good, the
bad, and the ugly // Can. J. Chem. Eng. 2023. Vol. 101, № 9. P. 4955–4978.
2.Orji B.O., McDonald A.G. Evaluation of the mechanical, thermal and rheological
properties of recycled polyolefins rice-hull composites // Materials (Basel).
2020. Vol. 13, № 3.P.237-242.
3.Pracella M., Haque M.M.U., Alvarez V. Functionalization, compatibilization and
properties of polyolefin composites with natural fibers // Polymers (Basel).
2010. Vol. 2, № 4. P. 554–574.
4.Nawaz M. et al. Improved properties of polyolefin nanocomposite coatings
modified with ceria nanoparticles loaded with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole //
Prog. Org. Coatings. 2022. Vol. 171.P.70-88.
5.Zou C. et al. Polyolefins with Intrinsic Antimicrobial Properties //
Macromolecules. 2021. Vol. 54, № 1. P. 64–70.
6.Mitsoulis E., Hatzikiriakos S.G. Rheological properties related to extrusion of
polyolefins // Polymers (Basel). 2021. Vol. 13, № 4. P. 1–12.
7.Smirnova O.M., Shubin A.A., Potseshkovskaya I.V. Strength and deformability
properties of polyolefin macrofibers reinforced concrete // Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res.
2017. Vol. 12, № 20. P. 9397–9404.
8.Alberti M.G. et al. Influence of high temperature on the fracture properties of
polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete // Materials (Basel). 2021. Vol. 14, № 3. P.
1–21.
