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ANALYSIS OF SOURCES AND WORKS OF SOURCE VALUE IN THE
STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF AMIR TEMUR'S RELATIONS WITH
INDIA
Odinayeva Umida Usmonovna
independent researcher of Bukhara State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14498565
Annotation:
This article is an analysis of works of source and source value
in the study of the history of Amir Temur's relations with India. In particular, the
systematic analysis of data on the comparative and analytical analysis of sources
created during the reign of Sohibqiran Amir Temur.
Keywords:
Sohibqiron,
Source,
Historiography,
Historiography,
Historiography, Calligraphy, Publishing, Secretarial, Translator, Linguistic,
"Zafarnoma".
Historical sources and works of source value created during the reign of
Amir Temur and the Timurids have been of interest to historians of all times.
Uzbekistan's role in international relations was considered necessary in the
coverage of the diplomacy of the past centuries of modern history, the victory
marches of Sohibqiran to conquer world trade markets. Some issues of this topic
are also reflected in the studies of the Amir Temur and Timurid periods. The
works written so far can be divided into several groups according to their
periodical, territorial, ethnic and religious principles.
First, the works created during the Amir Temur and Timurid periods;
Second, scientific, artistic and material works written during the years of the
Russian Empire and Soviet power;
Thirdly, works, studies and dissertations covering the history of Amir
Temur and Timurids during the years of independence;
Fourthly, Foreign Literatures;
Fifth, works created on the basis of scientific, historical approaches
reflecting the history of the Indian land;
Correspondence and letters from Sixths, Ambassadors, Merchants,
Travelers are an important resource.
The Qur'an was written in Persian by Nizamiddin Shami (1401-1402). [3]
The work was completed in the spring of 1404 and presented to Amir Temur,
who was returning to Samarkand after a seven-year march in Azerbaijan. The
events that followed until the death of the Prophet were later recorded by Hafizi
Abru. In 1400-1404, Amir Temur's munshi and secretaries wrote in Persian and
Turkic, as well as his own experiences during the marches of 1400-1404, and
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Giyosiddin Ali's work Ruznamei gazavoti India (Diary of a March). "Zafarnoma"
is a historical work of the 14th-15th centuries during the reign of Amir Temur
and the Timurids, Central Asia, the Six. This disambiguation page lists articles
associated with the title Amir Temur. This is followed by a detailed account of
Amir Temur's marches in the second half of the 14th century and the beginning
of the 15th century. Due to the reliability of the historical information it collects,
Zafarnoma became the main source for a number of works from the 15th to the
16th centuries. Only 2 manuscript copies of Zafarnoma have survived. The first
is a copy of a manuscript presented to Amir Temur, copied in 1425, which is
kept in the library of the Nuri Osmaniye Mosque in Istanbul (No. 3367). The
second is a copy copied from 1434 from a manuscript distributed by the author
to Amir Temur's grandson Mirzo Umar bahodir ibn Miron Shah, which is kept in
the library of the British Museum in London (No. 23980). The textual scholar
Felix Tauer uses copies of "Zafarnoma" from the history of Amir Temur - another
important source - Hafizi Abru. Based on this edition, "Zafarnoma" was
translated into Turkish in an abbreviated form (Ankara, 1940); Translated into
Uzbek (Tashkent, 1996, compiled by O. Boriev) with preface, indicators and
scientific commentaries. He consulted with experts and scholars in the field in
solving every issue of national importance. In 2010, the Khmer Rouge was
founded in 1955 and was founded in 1955. Alisher Navoi liked Amir Temur's
interest in science and spiritual intelligence. Navoi said, "Wherever Temur met
the people of science, culture and art, he would take them under his patronage,
show them respect, give them importance to their upbringing, and use them as
nadim (advisers) in his oliy majlis and in other positions." Tashkent city was
founded in 1945. New markets and trading floors will be built. Klavikho spoke
about the abundance and cheapness of wheat and rice in the Samarkand
markets, and presented the city's handicrafts - satin, kimkhob, various yarn and
woolen woven goods, fur and silk coats, attor's goods, spices and spices
During this period, Amir Temur and his exiled nobles Sultan Mahmudkhan
controlled the Great Silk Road, the main international trade route from China
and India through Central Asia to the Middle East and Europe, took important
measures to ensure the safety of trade caravans, the construction of rabots,
fortresses, and bridges, and paid great attention to the comprehensive
development of trade and embassy ties between East and West. Most
importantly, Amir Temur made a great contribution to the economic and
cultural development of not only Movarounnahr, but also the countries of the
Far and Middle East, as well as the rapprochement of peoples and countries.
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Amir Temur established direct trade and diplomatic relations with major
European kingdoms, such as France, England, and Castile. In 1915, Abdurazzak
Samarkandi wrote a poem and a treatise on Arabic grammar, but the only
surviving historical work is Matla'i sadayn ve majma'i bahrain (The Rising of the
Two Crucifixible Stars and the Place of Two Seas Joining). The work is written in
Persian and consists of two sentences. Abdurazzak Samarkandi wrote the work
mainly between 1467 and 1469, and continued it again in 1470, finishing it in
the same month. The first volume of Matla'i Sa'dayn briefly introduces the
Iranian ruler Abu Sa'id (1316-1335), a descendant of Genghis Khan, and then
begins the history of Amir Temur, and in general from 1304 to 1405 is given
information on the history of Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, Azerbaijan, partly
India and other countries. The history of Amir Temur died in Uthor in the year
17, 807 (February 18, 1405) and his grandson Khalil Sultan ascended the throne
in Samarkand. In the preface of the second volume, the author begins the events
from the time of Shohruh's accession to the throne in Herat (March 1405),
saying that he wants to talk about the descendants of Amir Temur. Then, after
mentioning the Timurids who ruled after Shahrukh (d. 1447): Mirza Abulkasim
Babur, Sultan Abu Sa'id and other princes, Husayn concludes the work with
information about the second time that Hussein Boyqara killed Yodgor Mirza in
Herat and ascended the throne for the second time. This disambiguation page
lists articles associated with the title Sánchez. A chronicle of the earlier parts of
the work from the period of the author's life (mid-15th century) is compiled on
the basis of the earlier work. Summing up the events of 1427, Abdurazzak
Samarkandi himself said: "Hafizi Abru wrote . . . This is where Zubdatu-t-tavorihi
Boysunguri ended," he says, noting that his main source is this work. It is
noteworthy that Abdurazzak Samarkandi's Matla'i sadayn (Matla'i sadayn) was
famous in its time and was recognized by a number of historians. Later, the work
was recognized in Europe as a rare and reliable source on the history of socio-
political, economic, cultural and international relations of the Timurid era, and
parts of it were published several times from the 19th century onwards in
French, English and Russian. The Persian text was published in 1936 in Lahur
(Pakistan) by Muhammad Shafeh, a textual historian and researcher. The Events
of 1405-1427 (Volume I, Part 1) was published in Uzbek in 1960 with a Persian
text in 1442-1444. In 1992, Giyosiddin Naqqosh's diary of his trip to China,
which was included in this part of Matla'i Sadayn, was published in Uzbek. Parts
2-3 of Volume II of the work have also been translated into Uzbek, but have not
yet been published.
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List of references:
1.
Амир Темур жахон тарихида / Масъул мухаррир: Х-Кароматов.
Муаллифлар жамоаси: С.Саиддосимов (рахбар), А.Ахмедов, Б.Ахмедов ва
бопщ. Тулдирнлганва кайта ишланган иккинчи нашри. — Т.: Шарк, 2001. –
Б. 561.
2.
Madraimov, Abdumajid. Manbashunoslik: Bakalavriatning tarix yoʻnalishi
talabalari uchun darslik. A. Madraimov, G. Fuzailova. T.: Oʻzbekiston faylasuflari
milliy jamiyati nashriyoti, 2008.
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U.Odinayeva. Temuriylar va Hindiston mumtoz adabiy asarlarining
miniaturalar bilan bezatilishi va jahon madaniyatiga taʼsiri//. Sharq qo‘lyozma
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Qarshiyeva; tuzuvchi A. Raxmatullaeva, Z. Asqarova, S. Azizxonova, L.
Isamuhamedova, Z. Nosirova, D.Hojiboeva. – Toshkent: San`at jurnali, 2024.-
B.181-184.
4.
Kenjayev S.N. Amir Temur's Ambassadorial Activity in Diplomatic
Relations with China (Min State) (In the Case of Fu An) // ISSN-L: 2544-980X.-
Miasto Przyszłości Kielce, 2022.112-114 P. (Impact Factor: 9.2)
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Kenjayev S. The importance of the northern and southern network of the
great silk road in Amir Temur’s relations with China. «Zamonaviy dunyoda
innovatsion tadqiqotlar: nazariya va amaliyot» nomli ilmiy, masofaviy onlayn
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