All articles - Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Medicine
Number of articles: 2751
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НАФАС ОЛИШ ТИЗИМИ КАСАЛЛИКЛАРИДА БОЛАЛАРДА ТИШ ЖАҒ СУЯК АЪЗОЛАРИ ШАКЛЛАНИШИНИНГ МОРФОМEТРИК ХУСУСИЯТЛАРИДолзарблиги: Сўнгги йилларда бош ҳажмининг соматотиплар ва инсон танасининг нисбатларини ўрганиш бўйича жуда кўп изланишлар бўлди [7, 15, 25, 20, 18, 11, 39]. Бироқ, муаллиф [9] таъкидлаганидек, сўнгги йиллардаги антропометрик тадқиқотлар шуни кўрсатдики, замонавий инсоннинг жисмоний ҳолати 20-асрнинг ўрталарида ёзилган ишларда нисбатан муайян ўзгаришларга дуч кслдива асосий сабаблардан бири бу жисмоний ривожланиш, соматотипга кўпроқ ва бошга нисбатан камроқ сътибор бсрилишидир. Ҳаммага маълуми, ҳозирги даврда шахснинг шаклланишида инсоннинг қиёфаси муҳим роль ўйнайди. Турли хил тиш-жағаномалияларини (ТЖА) тузатиш мақсадида, чиройли табассумга, тоғри тишларга эга бўИиш истаги шифокор-ортодонтга мурожаат қилиш учун сабаб ҳисобланади.
Medicine and innovations -
METHODS OF PREVENTING DAMAGE TO THE DENTITION AMONG ATHLETES INVOLVED IN CONTACT SPORTSDental diseases arising among athletes require close attention due to emerging problems associated with dentoalveolar pathology, which occurs in most cases among athletes, whose activities are associated with trauma to the teeth, gums, dentoalveolar joint, as well as the soft tissues of the oral cavity. This article presents the results of a medical and social survey conducted among athletes on the basis of filling out a questionnaire. The survey showed that more than 40% of athletes have knowledge about the possible occurrence of pathological processes of the dental profile during sports training in various sports. The study of the dental profile according to the main estimated indicators revealed the fact that among athletes involved in various sports it is necessary to carry out preventive measures for functional disorders and possible pathological changes in the dentition. Currently, for this purpose, sports dental splints are used, which ensure the retention of the lower jaw, in the position necessary to prevent its trauma, with increased pressure during the training period. It should be noted that there are inconveniences, as well as a communicative psychological barrier when using prophylactic splints, this is due to the fact that athletes have disrupted the normal closing of the jaws, which causes disturbances in diction and cosmetological distortion of the face caused by hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
ABOUT SPECIFIC ENDONASAL EXTRACTION OF CYSTS OF THE MAXILLARY SINUSMaxillary sinus cysts most often result from a blockage of the mucus-secreting gland and swelling of the mucous membrane. The method of choice in the treatment of patients with a cyst of the maxillary sinus remains surgical. In rhinology, sparing methods of surgical interventions are increasingly used, the atraumatic nature of which practically does not affect the further formation of the anatomical structures of the nose, paranasal sinuses and their physiological functions. We applied the technique of sparing endonasal removal of the cyst of the maxillary sinus through the lower nasal passage, with intact structures of the ostiomeatal complex, using a port guide. The gentle surgical intervention we have proposed is easier to tolerate than radical surgery on this sinus. Patients stayed in the hospital for 2 to 5 days.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF IMPAIRED CONSCIOUSNESS IN PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURYRelevance: The ineffectiveness of existing methods of treatment of impaired consciousness of traumatic etiology indicates that the mechanisms of development of impaired consciousness in patients with TBI have not yet been clarified. This means that the determination of the mechanisms of development of impaired consciousness in patients with TBI is an urgent problem of modern medicine. Purpose: to study the mechanisms of development of impaired consciousness in patients with TBI. Materials and methods: thorough clinical and neurological, laboratory (early screening markers of coma: leukocytosis, hyperglycemia and acidosis), ECG, chronographic, Echo ES, EEG, TCD and MSCT of the brain were performed in 124 patients (80 men, 54 women) with various form of TBI. Concussion in 25% of patients, mild cerebral contusion in 17% of patients, moderate in 31% of patients, severe in 53% of patients, with cerebral compression in 23% of patients. Results: In patients with concussion, there was a short-term loss of consciousness at the time of injury. Consciousness on a scale of Glasgow 15 points. In patients with brain contusion: a) mild, 7% of patients had moderate (13-14 points), and the rest of the patients had no impairment of consciousness (15 points). Echo-encepholography, TDCG and MSCT showed signs of moderate ICH and a moderate decrease in cerebral blood flow. And in patients with moderate brain contusion, it was noted: in 22% of patients there was deep stunning (12-13 points), and the remaining 9% of patients had stupor (9-12 points). The results of additional research methods showed that all patients showed signs of increased ICH with a noticeable decrease in cerebral blood flow, with the development of acidosis and an increase in residual oxidizability of the cerebrospinal fluid. In 42% of patients with severe brain contusion, consciousness was soporous (9-12 points), 21% of patients had moderate (7-8 points), and the remaining 20% of patients had deep coma (4-7 points). In 7% of patients with severe brain contusion, there were signs of a sharp increase in intracranial pressure, cerebral edema and a deep decrease or cessation of cerebral blood flow and depression of intracellular energy synthesis. Similar results were obtained in patients with brain compression (23 patients). Analysis of the data obtained shows that the molecular mechanism of impairment of consciousness is depression of intracellular energy synthesis. (ATP synthesis), developed as a result of cerebral ischemia. And the severity of the oppression of consciousness is proportional to the intensity of the decrease in intracellular energy synthesis.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
MOLECULAR-GENETIC FEATURES IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF ODONTOGENIC TUMORS (a review)Benign odontogenic formations cause one and the same controversial situation known to pathologists for the last century. Some authors believe that they are indeed benign. They are often asymptomatic, and the x-ray picture is not always reliable. There are currently no clear criteria for predicting the development of relapse. Based on modern molecular morphological techniques, it is important to identify the molecular mechanisms of recurrence, formation and growth of ameloblastoma, in turn, and the development of appropriate treatment methods.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF PRIMARY DEEP COMA DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH THE MOST SEVERE TBIRelevance: Due to the clarity of the molecular mechanisms of the development of primary deep coma, effective methods of treatment that affect the pathogenetic mechanisms of this condition have not yet been developed in traditional medicine. This means that the determination of the molecular mechanisms of development of the primary deep coma is an urgent problem in modern medicine. The goal is to determine the molecular mechanisms of the development of primary deep coma. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 41 patients with P.G.K. All patients underwent clinical and neurological, laboratory EchoES, EEG, TCD and MRI of the brain, intraventricular pressure was measured and the residual oxidation of the ventricular fluid was determined. Results: A clinical study showed that all patients showed respiratory failure (bradyap) and a fall in the cardiovascular system, which gradually worsened and in some patients ended in death. In neurological status, a complete shutdown of the higher nervous (cognitive) functions of the brain was noted, which on the Glasgow scale corresponded to 3-4 points. In all patients, early screening markers were positive. On the echoes and MSCT, all patients showed signs of severe cerebral edema. In all patients, a sharp decrease in cerebral blood flow was determined on TCD, and pulsation of the third ventricle was not detected on EchoES. The values of residual oxidizability of the ventricular fluid averaged 87.2 ± 5.2%. On the EEG, electric silence was noted. A comparative analysis of our own data with published data allows us to conclude that the main reason for the acute shutdown of the higher nervous (cognitive) functions of the brain in deep coma is the acute deep depression of intracellular energy synthesis (ATP) developed as a result of acute ischemia.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
FEATURES IN ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF VOICE IN CHILDREN WITH DYSPHONIAObjective: make a comparative analysis of the voice of the index (VHI) and endoscopic studies in the pathology of the voice of children. Material and Methods: The study involved 87 children, from 6 months to 14 years. The clinical study included fibrorinolaryngoscopy with video fixation (C-MAC, K.Storz, Ø-2,7 mm) and a survey of parents (or guardians) of children at the Uzbek version of the voice handicap index (pVHI), with sub-sections (functional - F, the physical - P and emotional - E). Results: endoscopic diagnosed laryngitis 20,6% (n = 18), functional 16,1% (n = 14) and mutational 9,2% (n = 8), dysphonia, benign larynx (respiratory papillamatosis) - 18.4 % (n = 16), the vocal cords paresis - 5.7% (n = 5), the vocal folds nodules 26.4% (n = 23), throat structure anomalies (acquired) 3,4% (n = 3). The survey revealed pVHI average points total pVHI and its sub-group of patients were as follows: F - 13,94, P - 15.48, E - 12.15 and T - 41.58, which is significantly higher than the group of healthy children and children with functional disorders of voice. Conclusions: Fibrolaryngoscopy with the smallest diameter of the lumen of the laryngoscope with video fixation allowed to quickly ascertain the diagnosis of organic disease of the larynx in children. In addition, the survey pVHI allowed to differentiate the severity of the vocal apparatus, to conduct timely special endoscopic diagnosis of vocal cord diseases.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
PRINCIPLES OF PROVIDING DENTAL CARE TO PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSISThe presence of odontogenic lesions in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by specific symptoms of intoxication, changes in blood, destruction of the lungs, changes in immunoglobulins and immune components. The aim of the study was to improve the effectiveness of prevention and treatment of dental caries in patients with tuberculosis. Dental care in the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis has its own characteristics, which depend on the course of the disease, the degree of spread. It has been established that patients undergoing treatment at an anti-tuberculosis dispensary should receive not only chemotherapy, but also dental care after a dental examination. Treating physicians should work with dentists to treat the entire body of a pulmonary tuberculosis patient.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
LOCAL AND GENERAL FACTORS OF THE OCCURRENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PURULENT- INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION (LITERATURE REVIEW)The article describes in detail the local and general factors of the onset and development of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region. Inflammatory processes are formed in the relationship between endogenous factors of the body, nonspecific immune defense and a critical amount of substances acting on bacterial agents. Purulent inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial region are mainly odontogenic and spread to the surrounding soft tissues and bone tissue. Microbes are the main etiological factor in the inflammatory process of the maxillofacial region.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
CLINICAL CONDITION OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PATIENTS HYPERTENSIONWe studied the state of periodontal disease in patients with hypertension according to a specially developed program. Based on a comprehensive comparative study of the periodontal condition, it was established that the presence of hypertension increases the prevalence of diseases of the lip border and the oral mucosa (P <0.05). The presence of hypertension exacerbates the course of generalized periodontal disease and its prevalence. In patients with hypertension, compared with the control sample, the frequency of periodontitis of all degrees of severity significantly increases. In patients with hypertension, periodontitis has a more severe course, which is confirmed by significantly higher values of hygiene indices
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
A CASE OF SUCCESSFUL OVERCOMING FROM A SEVERE PERIOPERATIVE VASCULAR-CEREBRAL CATASTROPHEIt is known that a deep ischemic-hypoxic cascade in the brain that develops as a result of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to the development of a deep coma. A deep coma is characterized by the extinction of all, including vital, reflex acts. Breathing is inadequate (bradypnea with a breathing rate of less than 8-10 per minute, diaphragmatic breathing and participation in the act of breathing of the auxiliary muscles of the neck and shoulder girdle); there is a drop in cardiac activity (collapse, arrhythmia, cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes). Motor reactions are not caused, muscle hypotension is determined. The central position of the eyeballs is observed, the pupils are wide, their reaction to light and corneal reflexes are absent, swallowing is impaired
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
A CASE OF SUCCESSFUL OVERCOMING FROM A SEVERE PERIOPERATIVE VASCULAR-CEREBRAL CATASTROPHEAcute cerebrovascular accident of an ischemic or hemorrhagic nature (strokes) that develops during surgery (craniotomy) or in the postoperative period (up to 21 days of the postoperative period) often causes an unfavorable outcome. Strokes that develop at the time of intracranial surgical hanging or in the postoperative period is an extremely interesting, but little- studied problem of modern neurosurgery. The incidence of perioperative cerebrovascular accident in patients of this group is not known. There are only a few reports in the literature. This means that the study of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and the development of new effective methods of treating perioperative cerebrovascular accidents is an urgent problem of modern neurosurgery.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
PREVALENCE AND NEED FOR TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIONThe prevalence of periodontal diseases in patients with various degrees of hypertension was studied. The need for treatment of periodontal diseases and the volume of necessary medical procedures were determined by the WHO periodontal index CPITN. It was found, statistically, that the frequency of occurrence of periodontitis in patients with hypertension of all age groups is significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the control group. The presence of hypertension in all age groups increases the risk of periodontitis. It was found that in patients with hypertension, a regular increase in the prevalence of periodontitis synchronized with the degree of hypertension. The results suggest that patients with adolescent hypertension have a higher prevalence and intensity of the periodontal disease, and therefore a higher need for treatment.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS OF PROVIDING DENTAL CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH MENTAL DELAYED DEVELOPMENTIn modern society, diseases of the oral cavity are of humanitarian, socio - economic significance. Today, tooth decay and periodontal disease remain the most common dental disease not only among adults, but also among younger populations around the world. According to recent epidemiological studies conducted on healthy children, the incidence of dental pathology is high, with the prevalence of caries among healthy age groups 12-15 years old is 63.3-83 years, 4% and 81.7-88.7%, intensity 3.02 -3.75 and 4.6- 5.73, and the prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases in the group of healthy 12-year-old children ranged from 37.8% to 50%, in the 15-year-old group of children it ranged from 57.7% to 84, 7%. The prevalence of caries is also high in children with mental retardation of preschool and school age, while the intensity of caries is higher in children aged 13–18 years with mild mental retardation (MAD). These indicators increase with age and depend on the severity of the underlying disease. We carried out a program for the prevention of dental diseases in children with disabilities, however, most of them were focused on children with mild and moderate mental retardation, where not only the degree of mental retardation was taken into account, but also teaching them oral care skills, the degree of socialization and the child's diet.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
CLINICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN DISEASE AT THE STAGES OF REHABILITATIONTraumatic brain disease (TBHD) is a pathological process triggered by the damaging effect of mechanical energy on the brain and is characterized, with a variety of clinical forms, by the unity of etiology, pathogenetic and sanogenetic mechanisms of development and outcomes. Traumatic brain disease (TBHD) is one of the most common injuries and accounts for about 40% of all types of injuries. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, it tends to grow by an average of 2% per year (1,6,8).
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY TO DEVELOP A SYSTEM OF PREDICTING OUTCOMES OF DENTAL IMPLANTSIn this article, thanks to the development of new implant systems and methods of reconstructive operations for atrophy of the alveolar bone tissue of the jaws, it is possible to use the method of dental implantation to replace dental defects of any localization with orthopedic structures. Prosthetics on implants helps to achieve the main goal - complete restoration of masticatory function in patients with partial or complete absence of teeth, improving the quality of life of the patient both in physiological and socio- psychological aspects.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF CHRONIC GENERALIZED PARODONTITIS IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROMEThe purpose of this study was to increase the effectiveness of treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis in patients with metabolic syndrome based on the study of clinical and laboratory parallels of the biochemical status of the oral cavity. The high efficiency of the proposed treatment-and-prophylactic complex in relation to disturbed levels of triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose in the oral fluid of patients with CGP concomitant MS was shown. The conducted biochemical studies of the oral fluid of the observed patients with chronic generalized periodontitis indicated the insufficiency of basic therapy in the treatment and prevention of complications of periodontal tissue diseases against the background of MS, and also confirmed the established high efficiency of the developed medical and preventive complex.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
INTRАOCULAR AMMETROPIA CORRECTION WITH PHAKIC LENSESThe analysis of literature sources (database PubMed and Google scholar) concerning modern views on the use of Phakic intraocular lenses in order to correct the refractive error of the eye. The current models of these lenses are quite sophisticated and many times increase the possibilities of their use than before. With the help of PIOL it is possible to correct any degree of myopia and hypermetropia, as well as astigmatism. There are examples of using such lenses to correct presbyopia. Currently, lenses are predominantly used in the posterior chamber of the eye. In the long term (on average after 8-10 years) complications are possible in some (up to 10%) patients. When the PIOL is inserted into the anterior chamber, the development of endothelial dystrophy of the cornea or the appearance of glaucoma is possible; when the PIOL is inserted into the posterior chamber, cataracts may develop.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
The article provides data on the forensic analysis of fractures of the upper jaw. Among the examined persons, men of working age predominated. Upper jaw fractures were open, unilateral and bilateral. And in case of unilateral fractures of the upper jaw, the fracture line passed sagittally along the palatine suture. The displacement of bone fragments in fractures of the upper jaw depends on the following factors of the force and direction of the impact, the mass of the fragments, and the traction force of the masticatory muscles. -
FEATURES OF CHARACTER AND MECHANISM FORMATION OF DENTAL DAMAGEThe article is devoted to the analysis of the conclusions of forensic medical examinations carried out regarding tooth injuries. Moreover, among the persons examined, men of working age mainly predominated. Tooth injuries arose as a result of a strong blow of a blunt hard object on the tooth crown. Most often, the frontal group of teeth on the upper jaw and less often on the lower jaw was damaged. Fractures of the teeth were localized in the area of the crown, neck and root of the tooth. Mostly, injuries of the central incisors on the upper jaw were found. An important role of X-ray examination was noted in the examination of persons with tooth injuries.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
AN OPTIMAZITION OF ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF ACUTE PURULENT RHINOSINUSITIS IN CHILDRENThe main goal of functional endoscopic sinus surgery is to reconstruct the ostiomeatal complex zone and restore ventilation and drainage of the affected sinuses through physiological pathways. Under the control of an endoscope, a thorough maximum removal of purulent and polypous tissue was performed from the cells and walls from which the polypous tissue originated.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
THE PROSPECT OF USING CAVINTON FOR TREATMENT PATIENTS WITH MENIERE'S DISEASECavinton was used to treat 20 patients with frequent attacks of vertigo, characteristic of Meniere's disease. As a result of intravenous administration of 4 ml of Cavinton in 5-20 ml of saline solution, the attacks in all were almost stopped. After a course of treatment consisting of intravenous (for 10 days) and intramuscular (2 ml 2 times a day for 20 days) administration in 15 patients, dizziness stopped, noise decreased, the unstable state of static disappeared, 10 patients remained in remission for up to 6 months.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
THE RESULTS OF DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATION OF THE NOSE CAVITY IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL SLIT PALATEIn 68 children aged 5 to 18 years with a congenital cleft palate, an endoscopic examination was performed to determine the anatomical, topographic, functional state of the nasal cavity and the cause of deformities characteristic of this anomaly. Children were divided into 3 groups: I group consisted of children with a through cleft palate (n = 23); Group II children with an isolated cleft palate (n = 25) and group III children with a hidden cleft palate (n = 20). The results of the study showed: in the first group - the mucous membrane is thin, bleeds quickly, the inferior turbinate is cyanotic; in the second group, the mucous membrane is hypertrophied, rough, has additional folds; and in the third group of children, the state of the mucous membrane is similar to that of healthy children. The condition of the nasal barrier after surgery for a defect in the palate depends on the timing and method of surgery.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF GLYCEROL TEST FOR MENIER'S DISEASETo diagnose the hydrops of the labyrinth in Meniere's disease, a glycerol test is used, but not in all cases the glycerol test is positive. Glycerol test can be negative in the irreversible stage of endolymphatic hydrops due to morphological changes and in reversible if there is no excess fluid at the time of the study. We set ourselves the goal of evaluating the glycerol test based on the results of a study of the auditory and vestibular functions of patients with Meniere's disease. The study included 72 patients with Menier's pain, aged from 26 to 69 years. According to the data of tone audiometry, a positive glycerol test was detected in 72.5% of cases, which can only be used to establish fluctuations of the cochlear function where it is more informative and dynamic.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research -
ENDOSCOPIC RHINOSINUS SURGERY – THE MAIN SURGICAL METHODS OF TREATMENT OF PATHOLOGY OF THE PARANASAL SINUSESFrom the point of view of the physiology of the nose and paranasal sinuses is functional endoscopic rhinosinus surgery (FESS or ERSH). Chronic sinusitis is one of the most common diseases in the pathology of the upper respiratory tract. The symptoms of sinusitis significantly reduce the quality of life of patients. The development of new technologies and methods for studying the functions of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses allows a different approach to the treatment of this pathology. The FESS technique maximizes the preservation of the anatomy of the nasal cavity and its sinuses and restores normal nasal breathing. Endoscopic surgeries are more easily tolerated by patients and allow the patient to be discharged from the hospital much earlier than with the use of classical rhinosurgery techniques.
Journal of oral medicine and craniofacial research
