All articles - Monographs

In recent years, many positive things have been done in our country to further develop the education sector and bring it to a new level. In particular, by our President for the purpose of forming a comprehensive system of foreign language learning and teaching
Decision PQ-1875 "On measures to further improve the foreign language learning system" adopted on December 10, 2012 was announced. Based on this Decision, by introducing advanced methods of teaching using modern PC-pedagogical and information-communication technologies, teaching the growing young generation foreign languages, preparing specialists who can speak these languages ​​freely. Fundamentally improving the system and, ultimately, creating conditions and opportunities for the achievements of world civilization and the wide use of world information resources, the development of international cooperation and communication, has become one of the most urgent issues of today.
The need to study the experience of developed foreign countries and learn their positive aspects that are suitable for our conditions is of particular importance among the identified current issues. Taking into account the fact that it is necessary for jurists to improve their foreign language at the professional level, this textbook called "English" has been prepared and is being presented to a wide readership.
This textbook contains detective texts of various contents and is intended for students and cadets studying in higher educational institutions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The purpose of this publication is to help future lawyers to quickly learn the essence of the text and develop oral speech by performing various interactive exercises.
Since this textbook was prepared for the first time, it is natural that there are some shortcomings in it. Therefore, the author welcomes any critical comments and suggestions regarding this textbook and will use them in his future work.

The main purpose of this training manual is to develop the ability of law enforcement officers to communicate and exchange ideas in English based on the basic knowledge and skills of English phonetics and grammar. The textbook contains texts on the subject of the field and tasks related to the content of the texts given for analytical reading.
The study guide is intended for students and cadets of family educational institutions belonging to the MIA system.

This dictionary contains terms necessary for students and cadets of military and paramilitary schools and higher education institutions, as well as professors-teachers, to read, understand and translate literature on topics related to military specialties.
The dictionary can be used by students and cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Ministry of Defense, military personnel and all those interested in the English language.

Specific soil-climate conditions for the operation of tractors in cotton farming are one of the main reasons that lead to a decrease in the operational durability of agricultural tractors and an increase in their maintenance costs. Techniques used in the cultivation and cultivation of cotton between the rows work in different conditions, conditionally divided into three sub-zones. The topography of the first subzone includes foothills with slopes and relatively high atmospheric precipitation. The terrain of the second subzone covers the low-rainfall foothills. The third sub-zone includes lands with weakly pronounced slopes and soils with varying degrees of salinity.

This monograph contains the results of the implementation, within the framework of experimental training, of the methodology developed by the author in the process of studying the issue of linguodidactic features of consecutive two-way interpretation. The monograph describes the prerequisites for the study, options for interpreting the term "interpretation", as well as some psycholinguistic features and characteristics of the mechanisms of consecutive interpretation activity. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the fundamental changes taking place in various areas of our society have led to the need to improve the quality of professional training of qualified specialists - namely, competent consecutive interpreters. The purpose of the monograph is to show the effectiveness of the developed methodology by describing the results of experimental testing of students of senior (3-4) courses at translation faculties of language universities. Particular attention is paid to mathematical analysis and calculation of results. Theoretical methods used are as follows: the study and analysis of pedagogical, psychological psycholinguistic literature, literature on the issues of speech, creative and cognitive activity, literature on the theory and practice of translation, analysis of the content of teaching consecutive translation at the senior courses of a language university; empirical - observation of the educational process at the Faculty of Translation; student testing; questioning of teachers and students; conducting a teaching experiment, systematization and generalization of experimental data, their interpretation. The results of the study are that, to some extent, the specifics of consecutive two-way interpretation are disclosed, the mechanisms of memory work in the process of translation are described, the results of using the method of teaching consecutive interpretation developed by the author in conditions close to real by using it in teaching senior students (3- 4) at language universities. The author's view on teaching consecutive interpretation will be of interest to specialists both in the field of translation studies and in the field of methodology.

In this monograph, the qualities of the great poet and thinker Alisher Navoi as a person and statesman, creative activity are highlighted based on new interpretations. Specific scientific views related to the mystical and literary-aesthetic world of our great-grandfathers have been put forward. Scientific-theoretical opinions are expressed in the Great Five - "Khamsa" regarding the artistic concept of the creator, the poetic interpretation of the image of the mother. The influence of Alisher Navoi's art on the improvement of the nation's literary and aesthetic thinking has been studied.
The monograph is intended for literary and narcissistic scholars, young researchers and general readers.

The monograph offered to the attention of readers is devoted to presenting the results of the analysis of modern literature on the problems of postoperative pain relief and summarizing the results of our own clinical experience in the use of various drug methods of analgesia, regional blockades and reflexotherapy methods. The relevance of this monograph is determined by the continuing high frequency of inadequacy of postoperative pain relief (up to 50%, Verlaecki M., 1997). In the specialized literature, both domestic and foreign, the problem of pain in children is still extremely poorly covered. Pain and pain management in children are only briefly mentioned in the leading guidelines for the management of pediatric emergencies. An unresolved problem in pediatric anesthesiology and resuscitation remains an objective assessment of the severity of pain and methods of postoperative pain relief. The monograph provides a brief excursion into the neurophysiology of pain, presents modern theories and concepts on the formation of pain sensations and the characteristics of the reflection of nociceptive stimuli in the CNS. The anatomical and physiological features of the child's organism, the clinical pharmacology of various analgesics are presented, as well as the issues of infusion therapy and parenteral nutrition in the early postoperative period. Getting acquainted with the material of the monograph, the reader will note the fundamental nature of the author's approach to solving the tasks set, and the high level of provision of clinical fragments of the work, in which modern methods of registration, analysis and processing of the information received were used, are the basis for them to formulate detailed conclusions. Comparing various drug methods of analgesia with methods of reflex therapy, regional blockades based on clinical characteristics, influence on the main vital functions of the body, the author gives indications and contraindications for their use depending on the patient's age, trauma and duration of surgery, the severity of postoperative pain syndrome. The author gives clinical cases emphasizing the importance of the problem and focusing on the key points given in the chapters. The monograph, from our point of view, will find a wide range of interested readers.

Anesthesiology as a new specialty has a little more than 160 years, if we date its occurrence from the moment of the first use of ether anesthesia (1846). However, these 160 years were a revolutionary revolution in the development of surgery and many other areas of medicine. Thanks to endotracheal anesthesia, access to the chest cavity became possible, and operations on the lungs and heart became a daily practice. The pinnacle of surgical perfection was the transplantation of the heart and other organs. All this has set before anesthesiology the task of developing new methods and means of controlling the vital functions of the operated organism. Over time, the range of anesthetic techniques has expanded significantly, modern anesthesia and respiratory equipment, monitors for intraoperative control, disposable consumables, etc. have appeared, which became the basis for the development of domestic anesthesiology and intensive care.

Hospital or nosocomial infections are the most common complication in patients in intensive care units and the leading cause of death in both surgical and somatic patients. Despite the presence of a large number of antibacterial drugs in the doctor's arsenal, the results of HI treatment remain unsatisfactory. In recent years, there has been a steady trend towards an increase in the resistance of hospital strains of microorganisms to the most commonly used antibacterial drugs in the clinic. Approximately 90% of all nosocomial infections are caused by bacteria, a distinctive feature of which is resistance to many groups of antibacterial drugs (multiresistance). This is what causes difficulties in the treatment of nosocomial infections, predetermining the low efficiency and high cost of treatment. Resistant strains form under the influence of widely and inappropriately used antibiotics at both prehospital and hospital levels. They can enter the hospital from the body of carrier patients. The transfer of bacteria from patient to patient involves the staff of medical institutions in the process of caring for patients, performing diagnostic procedures, etc. The problem of nosocomial infection, including through respiratory equipment, is very acute due to the increased development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Along with the impossibility of ensuring the sterilization of anesthesia and respiratory equipment after each patient, there is a serious problem of effective antibacterial therapy of NPV in hospitals.

Cardiovascular pathology and acute cerebrovascular accident (ACV) are in first and second place, respectively, as the causes of mortality in the structure of general mortality of the population. In this regard, interest in the issues of cerebral blood flow disorders does not weaken all over the world, more and more new aspects of this problem are being considered. CVA is a widespread pathology in the world and according to the WHO “... about 17.5 million people die every year from cerebrovascular diseases in the world, which is 30% of mortality from all diseases ...”. The most severe form of vascular pathology of the brain is a stroke. In European countries, mortality from stroke varies from 63.5 to 273.4 people per 100,000 population per year. About 85-88% of cerebral strokes are ischemic in nature. Ischemic stroke in developed countries ranks first as a cause of permanent disability. Movement disorders of varying severity are the most common and severe consequences of strokes.

The monograph discusses measures for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with spinal dysraphism, to determine certain types of myelodysplasia in the structure of anomalies of the spine and spinal cord; development of diagnostic criteria for dysfunction of the pelvic organs; assessment of the significance of the “fixed spinal cord” syndrome in the genesis of residual disorders and the dynamics of neurological disorders at the stages of complex treatment; improving the prevention of neurological manifestations of a functional nature and residual disorders and the treatment of spinal cord pathology in children. The monograph is intended for neurologists and doctors of related specialties, as well as for master's students and clinical residents

Nowadays, dependence on many types of clinical manifestations of APS has become an interdisciplinary problem that is widely studied by various medical specialties around the world: neurologist, rheumatologist, obstetrician­gynecologist, dermatologist, and others. L.A. to study APS in Russia. Kalashnikov (neurologist), E.A. Nasonov (rheumatologist), T.M. Reshetnik (rheumatologist), Z.S. Barkagan (hematologist) and others made significant contributions. The first publication on the study of APS was published in 1990 in Ukraine by gynecologist Professor T.N. Demina and neurologist Professor S.K. Belonging to Evtushenko and his students [1; 143-146-p., 3, 4; 39-41-b 84-86-b.]. The results of many years of research on the neurological aspects (aspects) of AFS based on Donetsk National Medical University were presented by Professor S.K. The role of antiphospholipid antibodies in the development of cerebrovascular pathology in young people under the guidance of Evtushenko (M.F. Ivanova), "Cerebral palsy in children born to mothers with seropositive and seronegative variants of antiphospholipid syndrome" (M.A. Moskalenko in 2003). completed. In 2004, Professor S.K. Evtushenko visited Professor G. Hughes Clinic in London and got acquainted with the Lupus Journal Foundation, which publishes laboratory work, systemic connective tissue diseases, and scientific work related to APS. In recent years, the number of publications made by Ukrainian authors has increased. According to foreign and Russian authors, the incidence of APS hypercoagulability in the general population is 5% among young people [19; 513-518-b., 20; Pp. 12­17, 39; Pp. 9-20]. The disease is observed in children even in newborns [17, 26; Pp. 21-25, 39; Pp. 9-20]. In the general population, APS is more often detected in women than in men (1: 5 ratio), probably due to women's predisposition to systemic connective tissue disease [6; 9-b.]. In 11.8% of cases, stroke was associated with APS among young women [20; Pp. 12-17].

Навоийшунослик тарихида ўтган асрнинг 60-йиллари қўлёзма манбаларни ўрганиш ҳамда нашрга тайёрлаш ишларига эътибор сиёсий талаб даражасида кўтарилганлиги билан ажралади. Бу давр навоийшунослиги шоир ижодини муҳим ва долзарб муаммолар бўйича тадқиқ этиш босқичига кўтарила борди. Навоийшуносликда янгича тамойилларнинг ривож топиши шоир ижодини ўрганишда турли йўналишдаги илмий-эстетик таҳлиллар кўпая борганлиги, илмий мақола, монографиялар билан бирга илмий тадқиқот ишлари олиб борилиши кенгайганлиги ҳамда навоийшунослик ишлари кўплаб олимлар томонидан махсус тадқиқ этила бошланганлиги билан аҳамият касб этади. Ушбу монографияда навоийшунос, матншунос олима Суйима Ғаниеванинг тадқиқот усуллари ва мезонлари тадқиқ этилган.
Монография адабиётшунос олимлар, олий ўқув юртининг ўзбек филологияси талабалари, магистрантлар ҳамда Суйима Ғаниева илмий фаолияти билан қизиққан кенг китобхонлар оммаси учун мўлжалланган.

Монография посвящена выявлению теоретико-методологических основ дидактической подготовки будущих врачей на занятиях по английскому языку. Рассмотрено влияние на учебную дисциплину «дидактическая подготовка» (в частности, на технологический компонент) порядка и логики развития науки, а также процесс интенсификации, с позиций которого представлено научно-педагогическое знание (наукоориентированный и социоориентированный; антропологический и культурологический; феноменологический и деонтологический). Осуществлено обоснование профессионального изучения английского языка как самостоятельной отрасли в области медицинского образования, выявлено его место в системе педагогических наук, а также определена диалектическая связь лингвистического образования и медицины на современном этапе развития общества. Адресована преподавателям английского языка медицинских вузов и студентам системы медицинского образования.

In the monograph, based on a handwritten and lithographic source, a scientific monographic description of the manuscripts of the poet's poems is carried out. Muthrib's poems have been analyzed comparatively and textually, and his lyrical works have been studied in the field of text history, editing and interpretation, and theoretical issues. Reliable texts of the artist's lyrical poems have been restored on the basis of primary sources. The monograph is intended for scientists, researchers and philologists who are interested in textual criticism and literary criticism, Uzbek classical and national Renaissance literature.

The monograph presents modern aspects of syndialysis arterial hypotension: solved and unresolved problems of predicting, preventing and diagnosing this complication during dialysis. The characteristics of clinical and pathogenetic features, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of syndialysis arterial hypotension are given. The data of the dynamics of clinical, functional and laboratory studies of syndialytic arterial hypotension in patients on dialysis are presented. An algorithm for verifying the status of hydration and preventing syndialysis hypotension is presented. The monograph is intended for nephrologists, doctors of related specialties, masters and students of medical institutes.

Down syndrome (DS) (trisomy, trisomy on chromosome 21) - "... this is a genetic abnormality in development and the most common chromosomal anomaly affecting mental development and mental development with a statistical occurrence of 1 in 700-800 newborns" [19,22,42 ]. There is no gender difference in the incidence of DM, it is stated regardless of the ethnic group, race and economic class of the family. The concept of "syndrome" defines the presence of specific signs or traits characteristic of a particular condition, so this pathology is commonly referred to as the term "Down's syndrome" and not "Down's disease" [1,38].

In the monograph, in determining the role of antiphospholipid syndrome in the origin of cerebrovascular diseases in systemic diseases of connective tissue, an algorithm for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome was developed with the combined use of immunological and clinical-neuroimaging tests for the early diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with neurological manifestations of systemic diseases of connective tissue. It allows early diagnosis of patients, reduction of disease in their treatment and improvement of treatment efficiency. The monograph is intended for neuropathologists and general practitioners, rheumatologists, as well as graduate and clinical residency students.

The monograph comprehensively examines the use of "soft power" as the most important tool of the foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the present stage. The approaches of various political schools to the categories of "power" and "soft power" in foreign policy and international relations are analyzed, the latest approaches to assessing the resources of "soft power" and its conversion into influence are considered, an assessment is made of current trends in international and regional politics, and a classification of instruments is proposed. and mechanisms of "soft power" through the prism of the national interests of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author's approach to the problems of the genesis of the "soft power" of the Republic of Uzbekistan from the beginning of its independence is outlined. The issues of formation and use of the potential and resources of the “soft power” of the country are analyzed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the dialectical relationship between the strengthening of national identity and the development of "soft power", as well as factors that contribute to and hinder the implementation of this concept in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan. The experience of ten leading states of the world and countries of the Central Asian region on the use of "soft power" in the implementation of foreign policy and foreign economic strategies is analyzed. A conceptual model for the implementation of the "soft power" policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan is presented. The monograph is intended for undergraduates, doctoral students, teachers and researchers, as well as undergraduate students in the direction of "International Relations and Political Science".

The monograph comprehensively examines the issues of transformation of the world order in the context of the processes of modern regional construction in Central Asia. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the category “world order” are analyzed, the author’s vision of the evolution of the principles of the Westphalian model in the context of globalization is outlined, and a transformational model of world order from the position of theoretical pluralism is proposed. The features, conditions and factors of transformation of the modern world order are studied through the prism of regional processes in Central Asia. The author's conceptual approaches to the problems of regionalism and regional order in Central Asia in the context of the transformation of the modern international political system are outlined. The foreign policy of the states of the region is analyzed in detail in the context of their national development strategies and the position of extra-regional actors in relation to Central Asian regionalism. Particular attention is paid to the system-forming role of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Central Asia in the light of the implementation of its own new foreign policy doctrine. The monograph is intended for master's students, doctoral students, teachers and researchers, as well as undergraduate students in the field of International Relations and Political Science. It will also be useful to readers interested in international relations and foreign policy.

The theoretical ideas and proposed methodological recommendations presented in this monograph are explained by the possibility of implementation in improving the content and methodological system of teaching students the Chinese language, increasing the efficiency of the process of teaching the Chinese language. Also, methodological support for linguodidactic games-tasks aimed at developing oral speech in Chinese, methodological recommendations for developing games and modifying existing games, as well as the widespread use of research materials in theoretical and practical classes in teacher training courses, as well as in the creation of new generation of educational literature on teaching Chinese.

The detection of concomitant surgical diseases of the abdominal organs during the examination of the patient or during laparotomy raises the question of the necessity and possibility of its elimination by performing a simultaneous operation. If we take into account that in recent years 20-30% of patients admitted to surgical hospitals have been diagnosed with combined diseases of the abdominal organs requiring surgical correction, then the urgency of the problem is beyond doubt.
The improvement of surgical techniques, the successes of anesthesiology allow [to expand the indications for performing simultaneous operations in abdominal surgery.
Simultaneous surgical correction of several diseases is in many ways preferable to multi-stage treatment, since it relieves the patient from two or more diseases, from the need for repeated surgery and possible postoperative complications associated with it.
Simultaneous operations also have certain economic advantages due to a reduction in the duration of the patient's stay in a medical institution and temporary disability in comparison with multi-stage surgical treatment.

The monograph presents the main theoretical issues concerning ventral hernias and combined pathology of abdominal organs. The etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, treatment and methods of prevention in a large contingent of patients with ventral hernias and combined pathology of abdominal organs are covered in detail. The methods of preoperative preparation developed by the authors, comparative assessment of the level of stress hormones, technical aspects of surgical interventions in patients with ventral hernias and combined pathology of abdominal organs are highlighted. The analysis of the quality of life of patients was also carried out according to an improved score assessment of the quality of life of patients after simultaneous operations.
The monograph is intended for surgeons, clinical residents and students of medical institutes.

The book highlights the general physiological mechanisms of diabetic maculopathy, presents the most significant mechanisms of the pathogenesis of its occurrence. The clinical picture of various manifestations of diabetic maculopathy, methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention are described.
At the same time, special attention is paid to modern methods of laser therapy, the high efficiency of which has been tested in practice by the authors.
The monograph is intended for ophthalmologists, clinical residents, residents and students of medical universities.

В монографии описываются все физиологические механизмы диабетической ретинопаии, представлены наиболее значимые механизмы патогенеза ее возникновения. Описана клиническая картина различных проявлений диабетической ретинопатии, методы диагностики, лечения и профилактики.
При этом особое внимание уделено современным методам лазерной терапии, высокая эффективность которых авторами проверена на практике.
Монография рассчитана для врачей -офтальмологов, клинических ординаторов, резидентов и студентов медицинских вузов.