All articles - Engineering

Subjects of the inquiry. Estimating abrasive wearing of machine parts and wear resistance of friction pairs in which the processes do not accompany with chemical interaction with the environment and also relative wear resistance of rails.
Aim of the inquiry. Theoretical and test investigation of metal materials wearing using thermodynamic, dislocation, kinetic approaches and working out on this base calculating methods of forecasting surface strength of materials during friction process.
Method of inquiry. Thermodynamic methods using the I and II lows of the thermodynamic, achievements of the irreversible thermodynamic, dislocation and kinetic theories of materials strength.
The results achieved and their novelty. Pathbreaking tested and received unique results of investigation of energy and entropy balances with abrasive wearing process.
An original method, special testing set, devices, flow charts for testing energy and entropy balances of abrasive wearing process arc worked out Theoretically based and acknowledged by tests new properties and laws of metal wearing process consisted in that wear takes play when deformed volumes of friction pairs accumulate limit density of internal energy or limit density of entropy. Showed that these characteristics do not depend on friction conditions and there arc constants correlated with thermal physic properties of materials.
Suggested a few thermodynamic criteria for estimating wear resistance of metals and alloys: limit density of internal energy, limit density of entropy, material capacity of energy accumulation, coefficient of deformation hardening and obtained analytical equations which arc the scientific base of estimating and forecasting wear resistance of friction pairs.
Practical value. Worked out a method of calculating friction pairs abrasive wear and rails wear resistance which give an opportunity for forecasting wear resistance of materials during designing stage and also use Delphi methods for estimating wear resistance of rails purchased by the railway enterprises on tender stage. Obtained 2 patents in the State Patent Department of Republic of Uzbekistan.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity. The scientific works out arc introduced in Railway Company “ Uzbekistan temir yullari ” with economic effect about 4 060 000 000 sum, and also in education process in the Tashkent Institute of Railway Engineering, in the Tashkent State Technical University and Andijan State University.
Sphere of usage. The results of investigation may be used at designing of machines and mechanisms friction units, at purchasing rails by the railway transport enterprises and also in education process in High school.

Objects of the inquiry: an inorganic polymeric resistive composition with use of local raw material on the basis of GCFK+RuCh, GCFK+CrfO, polymeric composition F-42+RuO2, F-42+CdO, F-42+SnC>2. Modified mineral filler on the base of kaolin and heat-treated poliarilonitrile.
Aim of the inquiry: in development of scientific bases for creation resistive composite materials with use of a local source of raw materials, establishment of laws of physic-chemical and electric properties depending on their formation, structure of components and development on their base of effective technology for producing new generation of resistive products for electronic industry.
Methods of inquiry: physic-chcmical, technological, physic-mcchanical, thermodynamic, operational.
The results achieved and their novelty: concludes, new structures and technologies of low-temperature sintering developed for creation of resistive compositions on the basis of a local and secondary source of raw materials, laws of variation of electric properties of resistive compositions depending on their formation and structure arc established, presumed mechanism of conductivity is been offered, received modified mineral fillers.
Practical value. Structure of compositions and technology of creation resistors arc developed at 450 °C (against 850°C) on the basis of glass-cement GCFK-77-2 + oxides of metal’s, a polymeric resistive composition on the basis of fluorine layer F-42 oxides of metal’s; technology of manufacturing of binary and modified fillers.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: developed resistive compositions were implemented on an industrial base of institute "Microelectronics" Uzeltehsanoat, and NTTS “Kompozit”. Expected economic benefit is 132 million sum each year, (under tariff rates on raw material and products for January, 2006).
Sphere of usage: Electro-technical industry for production of thick-film resistors, Graduate schools for educational purposes.

Объект исследования: напряженное состояние и износ материала колесных пар локомотивов.
Цель работы: Создание научных основ моделирования взаимодействия и износа колес локомотивов с рельсами , эксплуатируемых на железных дорогах ГАЖК «Узбекистан темир йўллари».
Метод исследования: В работе использованы методы теории колебаний , контактных напряжений и решений систем уравнений в частных производных, выведенных на основе функционала Остроградского-Гамильтона. Для решения уравнений использовались методы осреднения по Бубнову - Галеркину и операционного исчисления по Карсону -Хевисайду.
Получение результаты и их новизна:
- научный метод оценки динамического контактного нагружения материала колесных пар локомотивов при движении и соударениях с рельсами на прямых и кривых участках пути;
- модель колебаний идеального экипажа локомотива в кривых участках рельсового пути;
- модель силового нагружения материала бандажей колесных пар локомотивов с учетом явления их объемного и плоского сжатия;
- модель оценки закономерности изменения температурных полей и напряжений в материале колесных пар локомотивов в условиях эксплуатации и при восстановлении наплавкой поверхностей гребней колесных пар;
- модель и методика расчетной оценки износа поверхностей бандажей колесных пар локомотивов при движении на прямых участках рельсового пути и в кривых.
- новый профиль бандажа колесной пары локомотива, обеспечивающий больший срок эксплуатации бандажей и обеспечивающий условия безопасности движения;
Практическая значимость : Работа выполнена по планам ГКНТ РУз. 1Ф.2.10 , грантам №55-00 , 80-04 УзФПФИ и заказам Управления эксплуатации локомотивов ГАЖК “Узбекистан темир йыллари” Материалы диссертации используются в работе научно-исследовательских и проектных организаций железнодорожного транспорта (ВНИТИ), в вузах при подготовке специалистов по проектированию и эксплуатации подвижного состава железных дорог, Степень внедрения и экономическая эффективность:
Разработан и испытан новый профиль бандажа колесной пары локомотива, позволяющий повысить срок полезного использования в 1,5-1,8 раза по сравнению со стандартным и получить экономический эффект 116018560 сум., разработана методика и инструкция по контролю износа в материале бандажей колесных пар локомотивов в условиях ГАЖК “Узбекистан темир йўллари”, утвержденная Государственной Инспекцией по надзору за безопасностью железнодорожного транспорта “УЗГОСЖЕЛДОРНАДЗОР”, материалы диссертации внедрены во Всероссийском научно-исследовательском институте тепловозов и путевых машин , а также используются в учебном процессе вузов.
Область применения: Подвижной состав железнодорожного транспорта.

Subjects of the research: The unreeling raw silk 2,33 and 3,23 tex from cocoons of hybrids of a silkworm Uzbekistan-6 and Chinese, new structural silk braiding surgical threads.
Purpose of work: To develop manufacture of a braiding surgical thread of new structure and to investigate their properties.
Method of research: Experimental researches were carried out on the modern equipment and chair devices «Technology of silk» and in laboratory "CENTEXUZ" TITLL In job methods of mathematical statistics and the experiment analysis were used.
The results obtained and their novelty: The technology manufacture of braiding surgical threads from natural silk is developed. (Patent UZ IAP №0407820)
Technological process is reduced to 3 stages, than by manufacture of twisted surgical threads. Speed of unreeling within 115 m/mincs for reception of the raw materials intended for weaving of surgical threads is established. The weaving factor which is recommended for use in formulas of calculation of durability and linear density of braiding surgical threads is proved.
Practical value: At use of braiding threads at surgical operations in quality suture material shift cases twist, taking place arc excluded at application of twisted threads. Technology introduction in industrial to manufacture raises efficiency and expands assortment of products.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Braiding surgical silk threads arc introduced in surgical practice Republican centre of scientific of emergency medical aid MH RUZ. The technology of reception of braiding threads is introduced in manufacture «XON TEKSTIL» LTD.
By manufacture and realisation of braiding surgical threads of 10 kg economic efficiency makes 4300 thousand sum.
Field of application: In medical establishment and on silk processing factories.

Subject of the inquiry: Steering system of the front wheel drive passenger car.
Aim of the inquiry: The research of the load formation process in the steering system of the front wheel drive passenger car during the different exploitation rates and the issue of the recommendations for the problem solving of the steering system’s strength and durability forecasting on the stage of its designing.
Methods of inquiry: The methods of mathematic modelling, static dynamic, programming and experiment methods were used.
The results achieved and their novelty: The mathematic model was elaborated for vehicle exploitation, including such motion regimes as entrance into the turn, overtaking, braking while one of the brake system contours is failure, motion on the road with given spectral density of the micro profile;
- the coefficient of the dynamics for the steering system computation for durability is proved;
- the load formation processes in the steering system, which occasioned (caused) by the tolerances for making and assembling of the wheel unit (assemble) and front wheel suspension are researched;
- the formulas for the definition of the resistant moment to wheel turning on its place in combined tilt of pivot shaft (suspension strut) are precised.
Practical value: the elaborated mathematic model of the vehicle, the algorithms and the programs for its realization on IBM allow to forecast on the design stage and to determine rational (efficient) strength and durability characteristics of the steering system. The coefficients of the steering system’s dynamic load are proved on the example of В-class passenger car.
The formulas for the definition of the resistant moment to wheels turning are precised which are caused by combine tilt of pivot shaft (suspension strut).
Degree of embed and economic effectiveness: The results of work are given to the Vehicle Production Association of the Uzbekistan for practical using while development work on new model modernization of passenger car is carried out, also the results of work are given to use during the training process when preparing of masters of degree on specialty “Automobile construction” in Tashkent automobile Road Institute.
Sphere of usage: Automobile construction and auto transport.

Researching objects: technological forming process, forming and wet-warm treatment of whole-cut clothes parts.
Aim of the work: working out highly effective resources saving technology for making clothing goods by directed influence on technological forming process.
Researching method: expert valuing methods, main points of materials resistance theory, designing lay out of clothes part and Chebyshev nets were bazed on machines mechanic methods, vibration theory, higher mathematics, etc.
Experimental researches were made in industrial conditions using modern equipment and certificate laboratory in TITLI, OryolNIILegmash.
Results and their novelty: new schemes of forming 2-layers whole-cut (envelope, cover), for complex flat-volume forms with curvilinear line of bend were worked, out and the conditions of their forming were defined; mechanisms of forming complex flat-volume forms of whole-cut clothes parts in technological process were offered; new methods in making whole-cut parts, providing increasing in stability of certain parts form due to improving forming quality were worked out; methodic of determining density of net fabric structure deformation in forming and molding was offered; for the first time calculation and graphic methods for formative element for pressing equipment taking into account the way of forming covers in Chebyshev nets were worked out; the method of increasing form stability of whole-cut clothes parts and analytical method in valuing form stability of whole-cut clothes parts were worked out; complex of principally new pressing equipment for realization of highly effective resources saving technology in making clothes was worked out and cinematic scheme for a driving mechanism of forming set was founded.
Practical importance: new methodic for defining form stability of whole-cut parts was worked out; taking part of physical and mechanical properties in determining tension deformation conditions and technological process of forming was determined; analytical method for defining fabric quality index characterizing their stiffness was offered; the methodic for defining tension-deformation state often fabric structure in forming were received; tenders and necessary demands for designing and industrial equipment producing using highly effective resources saving technology recommendations for industrial realization of resources saving technology in making clothing goods from whole-cut parts were worked out.
Inculcating mentioned above developments will enrich the theory of designing goods using forming and wet-wart treatment due to highly effective properties in form stability.
Inculcation degree and economical effectiveness: The results of the dissertation factories OryolNIILegmash, “Raduga”, “Tong” and “March 8”, “Uzbekengil-sanoat”, “Zobif“Afron”, ’TJmid”. Economical effectiveness due to the results of the dissertation in industrial conditions is supposed to be due to caving labor and material resources, limiting employees and make 20 million sums.
Sphere of using: light industry.

Subjects of research: metal polymer compositions formed at sorption leaching of gold from gold ores. Waste of unit of delivery of pitch on regeneration (“shepa” and sand).
Purpose of work: development of effective technology of reception metal polymer compositions from waste of sorption leaching gold by their additional flotation in gold extraction manufactures.
Methods of w'ork: in work physic mechanical, chemical and physical and chemical methods of researches flotation processes and waste of unit of delivery of pitch on regeneration arc used. For calculation of technological losses metal polymer compositions on all repartitions of sorption leaching the computer program is used.
The results obtained and their novelty: as a result of the lead researches laws of formation ferro-and ferricyanides arc established at sorption leaching of gold. Negative influence formed ferro-and ferricyanides on capacity and flotation properties anion exchange pitches is established, diagrams Purbc of sorption leaching of gold is constructed. For extraction of functional classes metal polymer compositions from “shepa” and from sand allocated in unit of delivery of pitch on regeneration for the first time have been used a method of flotation. The effective technology of reception metal polymer compositions from waste of sorption leaching of gold is developed.
Practical value: the developed technology of reception metal polymer compositions will allow to reduce losses anion exchange pitches with production wastes, to lower the cost price of let out production and to raise efficiency of process sorption leaching of gold ores.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: at approbation of technology in the integrated laboratory conditions on the basis of laboratory “Enrichment of minerals” The Tashkent state technical university. Extraction metal polymer compositions from “shepa” has made compositions 94,3% and from sand 96,22%. Losses of pitch thus decrease with 6,5 up to 1,29%. Expected economic benefit at introduction of technology of reception metal polymer compositions on a gold extract factory productivity 600 ton ores in day will more than 80,0 million sum in a year.
Field of application: mining-metallurgical industry.

Subjects of research: friablings of the combined unit and technological process carried out by them.
Purpose of work: a substantiation the parameters of friablings of the combined unit for the minimal processing of ground ensuring high quality of ground at energy expense.
Methods of research: the theoretical researches arc executed on the basis of the theoretical mechanics, theory of a wedge and maximum mathematics, and experimental researches - on standard methods with application of the developed experimental combined unit, method of mathematical planning of experiments, regressive analysis and tcnsomctcring.
The obtained results and their novelty: on the basis of research of interaction with ground friablings of the combined unit substantiations the geometrical form of a working surface, the analytical dependences allowing todcfinc (determine) a angle of entry in ground, width and length, and also pulling resistance friablings arc deduced.
Practical value: application of the combined unit supplied with friablings, with recommended form and parameters, operation expenses for 12,7 %.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: experimental samples of the combined unit (in 2007-2008) have undergone wide economic tests on fields of a farm «Ок suv» of Kurgantepa region of a fog Andizhan viloyat UzMEI plots in 2007-2008. The results of researches arc accepted oy ISC «BMKB-Agromash». and arc used in dcveloing of a design of the combined unit KA-1,8. The annual economic benefit of use of the developed unit makes 3208297 soums a machine.
Fieid of application: agricultural mechanical engineering, agriculture.

Subjects of the research: carboxymcthylstarch, cotton fabric.
Purpose of work: The development scientific aspects creation of immensely effective thickener on base of the modified starch, bentonite clay and synthetic polymers and development non-wasting to clean technology of the printing cotton fabrics with their using. Development is directed on intensification process of the printing, simplification to technologies and improvement characteristics and quality of cotton fabrics by regulations their functionality.
Methods of research: IR-, NMR-, UV-spcctroscopy, viscosimetry, electro kinetic potential, rhcologycal, optic microscopy, physico-chemical method of investigation, method and quality properties of a printed fabrics.
The results obtained and their novelty: For the first time designed resepts on based polyacrylates and carboxymcthylstarch, got from rice starch, as thickener printed paints for wadding cotton fabrics, allowing perfect their qualitative and colour to factors. The studied influence to concentrations of the modified starch in thickening system on characteristic printed fabrics. The studied regularities of the process etherification rice starch with sodium salt of monochloroacctic acids inprcsencc of ethyl alcohol. The studied rhcologycal and thyxotropy characteristic carboxymcthylstarch with polyacrylates dependency them from different factor.
Practycal value: Designed mixed thickener possible successfully to use in process of the printing cotton fabrics by reactive dye for improvement their signet technical characteristic. Using mixed thickener, in part or total excludes use an algynatc and derived starch, in our republic because of border and hereunder spare the exchange facilities of the country.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the experimental - productionline testing of obtained polymer thickeners with reactive dyes on “IMIDJTEXTILE” arc held. Anticipated economical effect from an intrusion of the proposed thickening ingredient for 1 t 192750 sums (20.08.2009). Obtained scientifically - practical results were introduced in educational process of the department «Chemical technology and design fibers material and papers" of the textile and light industry institute of Tashkent.
Field of application: textile industry, ecology, education.

Objects of research: technological processes in the rectification unit.
Purpose of work: To develop mathematical methods of to calculating the experimental and statistical models in describing vapor-liquid equilibrium of multicomponent mixtures, the development of mathematical models of distillation alcohol mixtures, providing a reliable convergence of algorithms, determination of optimal design and technological parameters of distillation columns, rectification installation modernization and automatization of production.
Methods of research: In this thesis there are used the methods of mathematical modeling of phase equilibrium of binary and multicomponent mixtures, as well as the processes of separation of multicomponent mixtures, and methods to ensure the convergence of iterative schemes for equations of mathematical description of the process of rectification of multicomponent mixtures.
The findings and their novelty: It is solved the problem of approximation of physical and chemical properties of functional dependencies; the software implemented version of the algorithm for calculating conditions of phase equilibrium are developed; a mathematical model of rectification, taking into account the interaction of all components of the alcohol mixture with variable flows of vapor and liquid height of the column is developed; a method for calculating process of rectification of multicomponent mixtures, proposed modernized scheme BRU is developed.
Practical value: is to develop a mathematical model of multicomponent distillation. The developed algorithms and software can be used to calculate the vapor-liquid equilibrium and calculation columns of rectification of any multicomponent mixture.
Field of application: the results of research work and developments can be used at the alcohol industry companies with the continuous nature of production.

Subjects of the inquiry:
Goods regulator of the STB machine and fabric, made with its application.
Aim of the inquiry:
Working out and researching goods regulator, which supply the weft arrangement in the fabric with constant flow and also its application into production industry.
Method of inquiry: In the dissertation work are used the modem methods of scientific researches. Theoretical researching is based on the general methods.
Experimental researches are held at the knitting laboratory of TITLI and Joint stock company « Tashkayatextile». Experiments are held with using modem methods. Aanalysis of results are made with using the mathematical statistics method. Reliability of the results consist of 95 %. Test of fabric properties are held in the modem equipments. Theoretical investigations are held with using the methods of theoretical mechanics. At the carrying out the experiments was applied the modem measuring equipment.
The results achieved and their novelty:
Developed good regulator STB machine, pulling force is defined, created by goods regulator, the assortment possibilities of goods regulator; theoretical and experimental investigations of developed regulator are held,; parameters of regulator settings are defined, which supplies optimal fabric construction.
Practical value: Developed goods regulator allow to decrease inequality of fabric construction under usage of the weft yam with high inequality of thickness.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: «Tashkayatextile» in making fabric for Suits art: 1095. Economical effectiveness from application consists of 424250 sum for one loom.
Sphere of usage: The results of research are recommended to use the tecstile enterprises.

Subjects of research: lead-silicate glasses, the painted glasses with using of rare and rare-earth elements, glass-ceramic materials, microballs, road-alarm signs, cat's eyes, art details, glass and glass ceramics before and after y-irradiations.
Purpose of work: working out of structures of glasses on the basis of PbO-SiO2 system, definition of physical and chemical properties by experimental and settlement paths, research of possibility reception of the painted glasses and glass ceramics, definition of areas of their use.
Methods of research: chemical, optical, radiographic, electron-microscopic, thermographical, IR spectroscopic, standard methods of definition of physical and chemical properties, etc.
The results obtained and their novelty. For the first time in system PbO-SiO2 two structures (70% PbO + 30% SiO2 and 80% PbO + 20% SiO2) are defined as optimum from the point of view of obtaining on their basis glass balls, cat's eye, art details, y-steady materials.
For the first time experimentally confirmed that silicate-formation in charges 80% PbO + 20% SiO2 proceeds through formation of intermediate phases -2PbO-SiO2 and PbOSiO2; in charges 70% PbO + 30% SiO2 as an intermediate phase acts only PbO SiO2.
For the first time for binary lead-silicate glasses are considered all work cycle of transition from glass in microglass balls and then in road-alarm signs.
There are obtained colour glasses with application Cr2O3, Mn2O3, Fe2O3 and Ni2O3 and defined their suitability for manufacturing of stained-glass windows, a panel and etc.
There are synthesized glasses with a number of rare-earth elements and studied the possibility of their transformation in glass ceramics. It is considered the possibility of using of the obtained materials as glasses, steady to y-irradiation. Its is specified the necessity of carrying out of the further researches for this direction.
The mechanism of formation of PbO SiO2 as phase is specified at low-temperature of process of formation glass ceramics considered glasses depending on heat treatment and crystallisation conditions.
Practical value: possibility of manufacture on the basis of lead suric and natural quartz sand Dzheroj and Tozbulaksky deposits of transparent glasses suitable for manufacturing of the road-alarm signs is proved, the developed effective painted glasses have an urgency for creation import-swapping manufactures of the decorated products-stained-glass windows, panels, etc. The developed glass ceramics on preliminary data are suitable for creation of steady to y-irradiation of materials.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the developed optimum structures of glasses and glass ceramics are approved in conditions of «Olmazor TMTYICHK» and industrial enterprise "EUROSTYLE".
Economic benefit from using of oxides PbO, SiO2 with the additive oxides of pine forest and sodium as a result of quality improvement of micro-glass balls has made counting on 1 kg of glass 13920 - 14400 soums according to 2006 year.
Economic benefit from using of oxides of rare-earth elements in system PbO -SiO2 as a result of improvement of quality of colour glasses has made counting on 1 m2 glasses 11750 - 12500 soums according to 2008 year.
While in service within 6 months it is established, that reflective ability of the made signs meet the established requirements.
Field of application: - road technics;
- decoration and design;
- modern technics in the form of radiation-steady means.

Subjects of research: polynomial, interpolation and smoothing splines, cubic basic splines, methods and resources of signal processing and prediction of anomalies used in geophysics and railway systems.
Purpose of work: development of methods, algorithms and program complex for simulation of processes of processing and restoring of signals on a basis a spline - functions.
Methods of research: the theory of the functional analysis, generalized spectral methods, theory of numbers and matrixes, theory a spline of functions and simulation, theory of parallel computing processes and numerical methods of solution of simple equations.
The results obtained and their novelty: the methods and effective algorithms of calculation of signal restitution coefficients on the basis of onedimensional and many-dimensional splines are offered; the algorithms and program complex for simulation of processes of signal processing by methods a spline - functions with application of digital data processors of signals are developed; the spline - method of the analysis, estimation and prediction of operation stability of rails is offered.
Practical value: the software of the signals restoring with application of digital signal processors of the set Blackfin are developed; the parallel computing structure is offered on the basis of a cubic basic spline; the program complex for simulation of processes of restoring of signals by methods a spline - functions is developed.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the main theoretical and practical results of dissertation work took root in the state joint-stock railway company «Uzbekistan temir yo'llari». The summarized economic benefit makes 26 mln. sum in a year.
Field of application: the methods, algorithms and software designed in dissertation work can be used in geophysics, ecology, seismology and radiolocation for signal processing, and also for problem solving of prediction of stability of rails in railway systems.

Аннотация
Работа посвящена выбору конструктивной схемы и обоснованию параметров плуга для гладкой вспашки и тракторам класса 1,4.
В работе описаны технологии и технические средства для основной обработки почвы, дан аналитический обзор ранее выполненных опытноконструкторских и научно-исследовательских работ по созданию плугов для гладкой вспашки почв. Приведены результаты изучения физикомеханических свойств почвы, теоретических и экспериментальных исследований по обоснованию конструктивной схемы и основных параметров плуга для гладкой вспашки к тракторам класса 1,4 а также результаты хозяйственных испытаний разработанного плуга и расчёт экономической эффективности его применения.
Результаты исследований показывают, что качественные показатели работы экспериментального плуга удовлетворяют агротехническим требованиям и он по сравнению с базовым имеет на 8,9 % большую производительность, а внедрение результатов исследований обеспечивают получение годового экономического эффекта в размере 575575,5 сум, на один агрегат.
Цель исследований. Теоретической и экспериментальное обоснование рациональной конструктивной схемы и параметров плуга для гладкой вспашки с трактором класса 1,4.
Научная новизна. Изучены некоторые физико-механические свойства почвы после уборки зерновых, перед обработкой под промежуточные культуры: разработаны механико-математические модели угловых колебаний плуга: обоснованы рациональная конструктивная схема и параметры плуга для гладкой вспашки к тракторам класса 1,4: определены агротехнические и эксплуатационно-технологические показатели работы плуга.
Общие выводы и предложения
1. Анализ работ по разработке машин к тракторам различных классов показывает, что исследований по совершенствованию плугов, осуществляющих гладкую вспашку, особенно по перспективной технологии с оборотом пластов на 180° в пределах собственной борозды, и обоснованию их параметров к тракторам класса 1,4 не проводилось.
2. На основе изучения физико-механических свойств почв в течении 10 дней после уборки зерновых культур установлено, что:
- влажность почвы в течении 10 дней уменьшается на 11,4... 16,2%, на 60...70% почва теряет влагу в первые три дня;
- при уменьшении влажности твердость почвы в течении 10 дней увеличилась на 12,1... 19,8%.
3. Анализ проведенных теоретических и экспериментальных исследований показал, что для обеспечения требуемого качества вспашки и прямолинейного движения агрегата с трактором класса 1,4 плуг, осуществляющий гладкую вспашку с оборотом почвенных пластов на 180° без поперечного их смещения, должен иметь два встречно-ступенчато расположенных лево и право оборачивающих плужных корпусов и следующие рациональные значения параметров: ширина захвата- 0,9... 1,05м: продольное расстояние между корпусами-0,80...0,85м: поперечное расстояние от полевого обреза правооборачивающего корпуса до опорного колеса- 0,80...0,85м. 
4. Для обеспечения требуемой равномерности хода плуга по глубине обработке и минимального тягового сопротивления теоретическими и экспериментальными исследованиями установлены следующие рациональные параметры навесного устройства плуга: высота стойки и ширина основания присоединительного треугольника навески соответственно 0,55...0,56м и 0,70...0,75м расстояние между нижними пальцами навесного устройства и опорной поверхностью плуга 0,45...0,50м.
5. Экспериментальный плуг с рациональными параметрами по сравнению с существующим плугом ПЛН-3-35 обеспечивает лучшее качество вспашки, имеет на 2...4% меньше удельное тяговое сопротивление и на 8,89% большую производительность.
6. Применение плуга с обоснованными параметрами в агрегата с тракторами класса 1,4 при осуществлении гладкой вспашки без развальных борозд и свальных гребней позволяет сократить прямые эксплуатационные затраты на 30...32%, расхода ГСМ на 28...30%, приведенные затраты на 40...43%, что дает годовой экономический эффект в размере 575575,5сум на один агрегат.

Subject of the inquiry: Banach - Kantorovich module, C*-algebras, measurable Banach bundles, non commutative Arens algebras , derivation.
Aim of the inquiry: the realization of C*-algebras over A0 as algebras of operators on a Hilbert - Kaplansky module and description of derivation of the algebras of locally measurable operators affiliated with von Neumann algebra and of its subalgebras.
Method of inquiry: In the work methods of measurable banach Bundles, of functional analysis, of theory operator algebras are used.
The results achieved and their novelty:
It is proved that any cyclically compact operator on a Banach - Kantorovich module can be represented as a measurable bundle of compact operators; it is proved that every V -Fredholm operator can be represented as a measurable bundle of Fredholm operators; it is proved that every C*-algebras over A0 is isometrically *-isomorphic to a closed subalgebra of the algebra of all A0-bounded A0-linear operators on a Hilbert - Kaplansky module; a general form of derivations of the algebras of locally measurable operators affiliated with a von Neumann algebra is given; a complete description of derivations on the non commutative Arens algebras associated with von Neumann algebra and faithful normal semi-finite trace is obtained.
Practical value: the work has a theoretical character.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Results and methods introduced in the work can be used in special courses on functional analysis and theory of operator algebras.
Sphere of usage: the measure theory, functional analysis, theory of operator algebras, mathematical physics.

Subjects of research: building and exploitation of hydro-technical erections, their overalls and revetments.
Purpose of work: increasing of reliability and longevity of hydro-technical erections constructions by improvement of scams constructions using bitumen polymer mastics for hennetisation of deformative scams and joint compounds of concrete overalls and revetments.
Methods of research: Standard for building materials.
The results obtained and their novelty: worked out the constructions of revetments joints of THE and optimized the bitumen -polymer mastics compounds for hennetisation of defonnative scams and joint compounds of concrete and ferroconcrete erections; offered the technology of material preparing in stationary and field conditions, and also the technology of defonnative scams doing up by mechanized and manual ways.
Practical value: localization of initial components, lowering of hcrmctics prices at the expense of local raw materials and waste of manufacture using.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Doing up of deformative scams at the Tashkent reservoir 90 m.; Soult-Golodno steppe - 10000 m; (developed). Ts 04-006995-01:2008, Ts 04-006995-02:2008.
The economical effect makes up 3272 sums on 1 m. for 2009.
Field of application: joint compounds and cracks of concrete on hydro-technical erections

At present time in world scales a great importance is paid to the providing the increase of capacity of machines and equipments, which are being used for processing the agricultural production, lowering of power consumption, the safety of manufactured products.
Since achieving the Independence of the Republic with the purpose of providing the necessity of population in grain today in comparison with 1991 arc grown 10 times more grain ( in 2015 more 8 mln. tons), 5 times more bean (string bean, mash, green peas, local peas, soya ...). Due to that storage, primary processing, take off and processing separation on fractions, manufacture, increase of stores, export of food production and reinforcement foreign currency reserves of the country arc actual.
Being used in processing of grain equipment, their work routine and technologies do not fully suit to chemical, physical and mechanical properties, humidity of being grown grain in our republic. Especially for that reason a great importance has the study of physical-mcchanical properties of local sorts of grain in cutting regions, manufacture, testing and implementation of metal and power saving, compact, completing several technological processes of machines of new series, which are necessary for purification from different organic, mineral and large impurities and fractionation of grain on mass taking into account its essentials.
Working out on mathematical model and the calculation method of grain movement on machine cell for separation and fractionation on mass allow determining the kincmatical and constructive parameters of main working organs.
The formation of equation on grain movement by inclined, perforated shelves and lower inclined, shaken shelves for purification from light and large impurities and determination on its base constructive parameters inclined, perforated and lower shaken shelves arc the basic of grain movement mixture on the surface of shelves gravity flow by one layer, at that purification from cleaving organic and mineral impurities and grain shells arc provided. Mathematical modeling creates new directions for determination of modeling diameters of higher and lower shaken shelves, geometrical parameters of aspirational channels, the speed of air flow and absorption of light impurities from the staff of grain mixture from the surface of perforated shelves through aspirational channels, technological processes of separation to individual cubic content of large impurities and equable fetching of grain in feeding the roll of cell.
The given dissertation research in certain degree serves the completing tasks, defined in degrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan №PD-1072 «On program measures of important projects realization on modernization, technical and technological upgrading of production for 2009-2014 years» from March 12, 2009y and №PD-1633 «On measures of further improvement of management organization and development of food production of the Republic for 2012-2015 years» from October 31, 2011 and also other normative-legal acts concerning the given activity.
The aim of the research is based on scientific evidence of kincmatical and constructive parameters of machines for separation and fractionation of grain crops, working out the constructive and technical documentations on the creation of machines.
Scientific novelty of the research includes the followings:
In cutting territories physical-mechanical properties of local sorts of grain were studied;
the interacted essentials parameters of processes for separation and fractionation of grain crops were defined;
the mathematical model and completed equation of grain motion on the surface of perforated shelves taking into account airflow was developed;
the speed of airflow and was chosen ventilator for purification of grain from light impurities in scparational cell was defined;
the mathematical model and completed equation of grain motion on the surface of lower shaken shelves for purification from large impurities in scparational cell taking into account airflow was developed;
the mathematical model and completed equation of grain motion on the surface of feeding roll of fractional cell taking into account the ressisstancc of air to the surface of grain on lateral cutting was developed;
kincmatical and technological parameters of combined separator taking into account physical-mechanical essentials of local sorts of grain were defined; the combined separator for purification from other impurities and fractionation of grain crops on mass with manufacture 7,5 t/h, properly sizes: -l=4500mm, h=2000mm, b=500mm was created.
CONCLUSION
1. New design of machines for separation and fractionation of grain crops, which combined cell separation and fractionation of grain, allowing to increase the performance of the machine and the quality of cleaning of the grain mixture from impurities and fractionation grain for the masses to exclude his injury, reduce material and energy consumption, as well as, to take a relatively small production area was worked out.
2. The mathematical model and method of calculation of the movement of the grain mixture in the chambers of the machine for separation and fractionation of the grain mass to determine the value of kinematic and geometric parameters of the main working bodies were worked out.
3. The design parameters of the inclined perforated shelves and lower shelves shaking on the basis of the equations of motion of the grain along the surfaces of inclined perforated shaking shelves and bottom shelves for cleaning grain from light impurities and large mixtures were revealed.
4. Rational parameters of inclined perforated and lower shaking shelves with a capacity of 7,5 t/h: the width of inclined shelves is 500 mm; the length of the inclined shelf is 400 mm; the angle of slope of the shelf is a - 23°; length of the lower sloping shelves - 430 mm, which allowed the movement of the grain mixture along the surfaces of the shelves by gravity with one layer, that provided separating of organic and mineral matter and shells of the grain.
5.It was established that on the basis of developed methods of mathematical modeling and experimental studies of dimensions, the perforations of perforated shelf for slant - 4 mm, lower shelf for shaking 7 mm, the width of the ducts of the aspiration channel 20 mm, height 1500 mm, air flow velocity of 7 m/s, which provided the absorption of light impurities, through the perforations and the suction channels, the separation of large impurities in a separate container and even loading the corn into the chamber of the supply roller.
6. Design parameters of the feeding roller depending on the process requirements and machine performance on the basis of mathematical modeling, which was a diameter of 350 mm, a width of 500 mm and speed 450 r/m, ensuring a smooth takeover of the grain and uniformly the same initial speed of its flight (l> = 6,28^/) were defined.
7. Differential equations, to determine the total height «h» and length of flight of a grain «L», depending on the initial speed of flight of grain from the feed roller , the angle of inclination of the guide tray , the drag coefficient of the air from the grain mass , and the characteristics of local varieties of grain.
8. It was found ,that when the angle of inclination of the guide tray a = 45° depending on weight of grain, the height of its flight ranges from 0,2 to 1 m, and the length of flight of a grain «L» ranges from 1,5 to 4 m. These options allow you to divide grain into several fractions according to the mass to reduce its moisture content from 2% to 3%, and fully clean grain from various impurities.
9. Physical -mechanical properties of local varieties of grain in regions of the country, which allow us scientifically substantiate the parameters of the new machines, created the separation and fractionation of the grain excluding the injury of local varieties of grain.
10. On the basis of the results of research, it was manufactured and introduced into the production a new design of machine for the separation and fractionation of crops with scientifically based options were developed. The implementation of which in manufacture have improved the performance of the machine.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. At present a number of accidents have been happening in hydraulic structures build around the world, and 35 percent of them took place due to failing of reservoir discharge stuctures and water overflow trhough the top of dams7. These type of large accidents has taken place in USA, France, Italy, Brazil, South Korea and other countries. In hydraulic structure construction practice, water flow velocity in structures over 100m reach 50-60 m/s, hydrodynamic pressure increase in outflow tonnels, failing of structures against cavitational erosion and tailrace protection structures arc observed. Therefore while designing high pressure hydraulic structures and constructing them a particular attention is given to their safe operation, implementation of vortex flow in discharge structures in order to dissipate energy and protect from cavitational erosion, development of deep discharge structures which allow safe passage of emergency flood waters.
In Uzbekistan implementation of organization of effective measures for effective operation and reconstruction of water reservoirs has been done in a wide scale. Water reservoirs have been used for irrigation purposes for many years in Uzbekistan too. Thus, included, in 2013-2017 construction and reconstruction8 of 8 mudflood and water reservoir is planned with total volume of 40 mln. m3, improvement of their structure, providing their reliable and safe operation, increasing carrying capacity, improvement of operation rejime of discharge structures, improving mechanisms of their effective operation have an important practical value.
Particular attention is paid to the improvement of the structures, basics of design justification, determining the reliability of high pressure reservoir hydrosystem shaft vortex spillways during operational periods. In this area, the realization of target science researches, including conduction of science research is priority task for the following areas: development of disperse mixture swirled flow mathematical model for semi-closed cylindrical pipe of vortex shaft dischargers in air intake conditions; development of hydraulic design mcthodics for vortex spillways in air intake conditions; development of computer software for designing velocity in air intake conditions, pressure and full specific energy profiles for swirled flow in air intake conditions; development of a new tailwater path energy dissipation device; determining the influence of air concentration and tailwaterway on swirled flow energy dissipation structure; development of vortex shaft spillway operational reliability estimation methods.
The dissertation to some extent may contribute to implement problems, defined in Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No 2272 “Organization of State inspection on surveillance of the technical condition of major and important water management objects by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan” dated March 24, 1999; Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers “About the measures on implementation of the law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “About the safety of hydrauic structures” No.499 dated November 16, 1999, “About organization of Tashkent irrigation and melioration institute” No. 150 dated March 30, 2004.
The aim of the research work is to improve the structure, basis for design justification and to develop estimation methods for operational reliability of shaft vortex discharge structures with tangential swirlers, operating with intensive air intake through shaft.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
hydraulic computation method for vortex dischargers in air intake conditions has been developed;
tangential swirler and swirled flow hydraulic resistance influence was determined;
a new energy dissipation device for tailwacr path was developed;
the influence of air concentration and tailwaterway structure on characteristics and swirled flow energy dissipation was justified;
emergency scenario for failproof operation was composed and vortex shaft discharger operational reliability estimation method was developed.
CONCLUSION
The results of the performed research for the doctoral dissertation named “Imrpoving the structure, design justification and operational reliability of vortex shaft dischargers of high pressure hydrosystems” are as follows:
1. Mathematical model of aerated swirled flow in semi-closed cylindrical pipe vortex shaft discharger with tangential swirler in air intake conditions is developed. Movement equation formulated by similarity criteria of Froude’s, Eyler’s and Reynold’s numbers. This phenomenon allows to determine and design a structure and flow parameters in wide scale with results.
2. It was determined that axial uz tangential ue velocities of swirled flow for tonnel radius 0,2 r... 0,3 r reach maximum, decreases with large gradient to tonnel axis, and with smaller gradient to tonnel walls. Parameters of pressure and specific energy in swirled flow show their decreasing in central near axial zone, up to vacuum, at flow periphery they increase with gradient, equal to centrifugal acceleration, at the same time significant excess energy may happen at waterway walls, which prevents the development of cavitational effects.
3. Vortex discharger hydraulic design mcthodics in air intake conditions has been improved. The developed computer software programs (DGU, 03451, DGU 03452) arc recommended for designing vortex discharge structures. These programs allow for fast and sufficiently accurate analization of flow structure and hydraulic characteristics of high pressure vortex dischargers, including estimation of cavitational condition and determining hydraulic losses.
4. In vortex shaft discharge structures with air intake conditions 31^-45% energy is dissipated in a tangential swirler, 39^45% - in deferent waterway, 70-90% - near swirler.
5. There have been determined patterns of velocity profile, pressure and specific kinetic energy distribution in a swirled flow and hydraulic resistances of tangential swirler and swirled flow in air intake conditions. It is observed that tangential swirler hydraulic resistance increases, the range of change is 0,42 to 0,6. Hydraulic resistance in swirled flow increases with the increase of air intake in deferent path, therefore, energy dissipation intensity has been determined.
6. A new energy dissipation device for deferent waterway has been developed (№ FAP 01104). Converger sizes arc as follows: conicity angle along the vertical is a=5,470, in plan view it is a=2,740, the converger length is /=3,85<7,„ (J„, - shaft diameter).
7. Theoretical design of tangential, axial velocity profiles and pressure plus specific energy has been checked by comparing experimental profiles, obtained during the research of swirled flow in a laboratory device. Satisfactory match of experimental and theoretical design of swirled flow parameters was obtained.
8. Choosing the type of discharger with flow swirling depends on specific hydrosystem conditions and required degree of dissipation excess kinematic energy of flow. The developed new device for energy dissipation in deferent waterway is used with relative length of deferent waterway equal to 20...30 <l/d< 50.. .60 and if its cross section is round, horseshoe-shaped, or pan-shaped.
9. Approximative method for shaft and vortex discharger reliability estimation was developed for operational stage in anylising discharge structures’ emergency statistics, and in design justification of operation of its separate elements, performed with the use of both probabilistic and deterministic design methods.
10. The proposed option for Tupolang water reservoir construction lets to save more than 40% of capital investments. Therefore, annual economic efficiency equals to 6,5 billion sums (in prices of 2015) if vortex discharge structure is used in Tupolang water reservoir.

The relevance and demanding of the dissertation the theme. To date, the world practice the leading position occupied by the creation of high-performance process control systems with the involvement of intelligent technologies. One of the most urgent tasks of rapidly evolving modem information society is the management of real dynamic systems based on processing and analysis of huge data streams. In this direction, some progress has been made in the leading countries of the world such as USA, Germany, Japan, South Korea, etc., Where on the practical implementation of the work carried out intensively in the industrial and non-industrial field, allowing to increase the efficiency of production, i.e. the competitiveness of the products, due to modernization of management practices using modern information technologies, allowing for the particular technological objects. Now in these countries used intelligent production control systems account for about 40-45%' of the total production. This results in reduction of resource and energy consumption by 35%2.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan held large-scale activities on the effective organization of measures aimed at creating a high-performance process control systems and production. In this area, we carried out a series of research projects, including for the development of effective individual technological objects control systems in various industries, intellectualization control processes, improving methods of research of intelligent control systems, creation of intellectual assets control processes.
The world's attention is paid to the development of neuro-fuzzy models and algorithms of control systems in problems of intellectualization process facilities management, building a knowledge base, their use in improving the control system. In this area, the implementation of targeted research is a top priority, including research in the following areas: development of hybrid models of dynamic processes based on neural networks and fuzzy logic, which allows to consider features of dynamic objects; intellectualization control processes based on the joint application of modern methods of control theory and principles of intellectualization; development of tools and software intellectualization control process; the development of sophisticated, highly adaptive control algorithms; creating knowledge-based adaptive processing control signals control algorithms; development of software - tools intellectualization of automated monitoring and control of dynamic objects in conditions of uncertainty.
This dissertation research is to a certain extent the tasks provided for in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № PP-1989 on June 27, 2013 "On measures for further development of the national information and communication systems", as well as in other legal instruments adopted this sphere.
The aim of the study is to develop design models and algorithms for dynamic objects intellectualization control processes in conditions of uncertainty.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
the basic classes of solved problems, developed principles of intellectualization of dynamic objects control processes that operate in conditions of uncertainty;
it developed a new approach to building intellectualization systems control processes dynamic objects that operate in conditions of uncertainty and vagueness of work situations, based on the integration of modern control theory, methods and intelligent technologies;
developed a set of intellectualized hybrid models of dynamic objects of control systems having adaptive properties, and allows in contrast to the known types of models to take into account the dynamic characteristics of controlled processes;
developed algorithmic design principles modeling algorithms research of dynamic objects, providing an effective solution to problems of selection of the best models and cotrol decisions;
solver created intellectualized dynamic objects control problems, combining traditional methods of automatic control theory and principles of intelligent control, in terms of structural, situational and parametric uncertainties;
developed algorithms for determining the coordinates of an object of immeasurable, correction control system parameters, as well as dynamic objects control systems synthesis based on neuro-fuzzy adaptive and predictive model;
synthesis algorithms developed adaptive neuro-fuzzy combination of dynamic objects control system, based on an interactive method of adaptation, which is a combination of the identification algorithm and genetic algorithms, which can effectively solve the problem of industrial objects control under uncertainty.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the survey on his doctoral dissertation on the theme "Design of models and intellectualization of dynamic objects control processes algorithms in conditions of uncertainty", presented the following conclusions.
1. Based on the systematization and analysis of methods and algorithms for solving dynamic objects intelligent control problems developed the theoretical basis for the creation of intelligent control systems of dynamic objects through a combination of methods of control theory and principles of intelligent technologies.
2. Propose a new approach to the creation of a system of intellectualization of dynamic objects control processes that operate in conditions of uncertainty, based on the integration of classical control theory and methods of intelligent control.
3. The complex of intellectualized hybrid models of dynamic objects of control systems having adaptive properties, and allows in contrast to the known types of models to take into account the dynamic characteristics of controlled processes.
4. On the basis of neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and techniques of classical control theory developed a methodology for the construction of hybrid models of technological processes, which is the mathematical basis of intellectualization of dynamic objects control processes, and allowing to form complex patterns formalized control processes.
5. The developed algorithmic design principles modeling algorithms research of dynamic objects, providing an effective solution to problems of selection of the best systems functioning models computationally based on a combination of the method of hierarchy analysis, evaluation procedures and methods fuzzy logic.
6. Created intellectualized solver dynamic objects control problems, combining traditional methods of automatic control theory and principles of intelligent control in terms of structural, situational and parametric uncertainties.
7. Algorithms of adaptive prediction, determination unmeasured coordinate system and the correction of control parameters of the system, as well as the synthesis of adaptive neuro-fuzzy combination of dynamic objects control system based on an interactive method of adaptation, which is a combination of identification algorithms and genetic algorithms.
8. The principle of hierarchical multilevel modeling and study of intelligent control systems, based on a hierarchical description of the study of intelligent control system.
9. Algorithms for synthesis adaptive neuro-fuzzy control system, including a procedure for determining the architecture, structure and development model of interaction of its elements, assessing the impact of neural network parameters on the quality of performance of the system, allowing to increase the effectiveness of control systems with incomplete a priori information regarding the model of the control object and disturbance.
10. A system of automated monitoring and control of technological parameters of electric power facilities and petrochemical complexes, allowing to choose the optimum modes of technological units, reduce energy costs and improve productivity by reducing the specific consumption of energy used, and also to prevent a variety of emergency situations.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Currently, one of the important physical and technical problems in dynamically developing directions of electronic computing and information technology is developing temperature sensors with improved functional characteristics on the basis of modified semiconductors, in particular with nanoclusters used for diagnosing various parameters and processes in industry, nuclear reactors, scientific researches and other areas of the national economy.
The study of the interrelationship of electro-physical parameters of the active region of silicon thermistors containing nanocluster inclusions of different atoms with their operational parameters allows revealing their previously unknown new technical solutions. Improving the active region, increasing the sensitivity and solving the problem of reducing the spread of the parameters, as well as developing the technology of producing a new generation of temperature sensors on the basis of materials with nanoclusters, which provide temperature measurement at different control conditions, are an important direction of researches.
The use of temperature sensors belonging to the class of semiconductor devices based on materials with nanoclusters in devices and systems of control of parameters of industrial facilities requires researching the ways to improve their sensitivity and switch schemes. Therefore, the studies conducted on the diffusion processes of various nanoinclusions, as well as the effects on the features of thermistors of nanocluster inclusions aimed at optimizing the functional parameters of thermistors are urgent.
This research is aimed at developing a new method of diffusion that provides the formation of nanoinclusions, as well as the choice of parameters of the material of a base, and developing the ways of obtaining contacts with improved adhesion, which are directed to the manufacture of temperature sensors with stable parameters. The need for the improvement of the functional characteristics of such temperature sensors, development of cost-effective technologies for their manufacturing and creation of a route of this technology has great scientific and practical importance.
This dissertation in the certain degree serves to perform the tasks assigned for the improvement of the competitiveness of the electronic products mentioned in the Decree PD-1442 of the President of Uzbekistan “On the priorities of industrial development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2011 - 2015” of 15 December 2010, as well as in other regulatory documents adopted in this field.
The aim of the research is to develop methods for obtaining a new diffusion technology for highly sensitive temperature sensors with nickel nanoclusters and develop on their basis a set of temperature sensors and devices with stable parameters and are resistant to different types of effects for temperature control systems of objects.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
A method of nickel diffusion with embedded nanoinclusions in silicon was worked out, which consists of three steps, That is in each stage the temperature ranges (300600; 600^-900; 900-И200 °C) within which the temperature is risen consistently at a speed of 5 degrees/min, is maintained for 10 minutes and then is cooled at a speed of 100 degrees/sec.
A technology was created for obtaining a highly-doped layer for ohmic contacts to silicon structure doped with nickel, which means that a metal layer of nickel is deposited on the surface of the silicon structure by chemical means and is subjected to thermal treatment at 650°C for 10 minutes.
For the first time, a temperature sensor with high sensitivity (7800 K.) and stability of output characteristics was developed on the basis of silicon nanoclusters and a technological route of its production was proposed.
It was experimentally shown that the introduction of the correction feedback with the help of the operational amplifier leads to the reduction of the transient time of the temperature sensor by one time;
It was experimentally shown that the specific resistance of silicon temperature sensors doped with nickel with a carrier concentration of more than 1016 cm'3 changes slightly when exposed to gamma radiation dose of 106
roentgens, i.e. remains stable at radiation influence, and in samples with a carrier concentration of less than 1014 cm'3 at doses (5-^10)-106 roentgens, conductivity type inversion (n —> p) occurs.
A method of optimal structural parametrical designing of a measuring transducer based on the temperature sensor was proposed by computer simulation that allows to choose the form, output contacts, protective layer and parameters of the measuring system, in accordance with the required parameters (sensitivity, linearity of static characteristics, speed, etc.).
By choosing the required boundary interval of temperature, the possibility of reducing the errors of temperature sensors was determined, which are characterized by thermal inertia and nonlinearity of static natures.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the conducted researches on the theme of the doctoral dissertation “Development of a silicon-based temperature sensor with the nanoclusters of nickel atoms and its manufacturing technology”, the following conclusions are presented:
1. A new method of nickel diffusion in silicon was proposed, consisting in carrying out a diffusion in an increasing temperature mode at a speed of 5-^10 degrees/minute in the temperature intervals of 600-1250 °C, which provides obtaining nickel nanoclusters in bulk silicon.
2. In order to obtain an ohmic contact with improved adhesion to the silicon surface, on which a diffusion of nickel was performed, we propose to make the deposition of a thin layer (3 microns) of nickel metal with a chemical process followed by heat treatment at 650 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes.
3. For the first time the principles of creating a silicon-based temperature sensor with nickel nanoclusters having a high sensitivity (7800 K) and stability of output characteristics, and a technological route of its manufacturing were proposed.
4. It was proved that when exposed to gamma radiation with a dose of 106 roentgens, the specific resistivity of the silicon temperature sensors doped with nickel remains unchanged, and with the increase of the radiation dose up to 10x roentgens, the coefficient of the temperature sensitivity increases by 10%.
5. By means of computer modeling, depending on the desired factor (sensitivity, cost, accuracy, reliability, etc.), methods of structural parametric design of the measuring transducer allowing to select the proper form of the sensor, contact terminals, a protective layer of the sensor and parameters of the measuring system were proposed.
6. The relationship was established between the corrective (linearized measurement parameter) resistances and the sensitivity of the temperature sensor, which allowed revealing the area of maximal sensitivity of the sensor in the electronic circuit.
7. By selecting the corrective resistances and a temperature interval in the required vicinity, the possibility of reducing the errors of temperature sensors arom 10% up to 2%, was revealed, which is conditioned by the nonlinearity of their static characteristics and thermal inertia.

Topicality and relevance of the subject of dissertation as a scientific report. To meet the demand of electronic and solar PV productions, manufacturers produce a big part of 300MT silicon production by hydrogen reduction of chlorine compounds. Unfortunately, this technology is power consuming and not ecologysafe owing to toxic wastes of production. For this reason, alternative ecology-safe technologies of polysilicon production with low-energy consumption and low cost of production are in great demand.
Considering the growth of silicon demand in next 5 years3, it is neccesarry to apply a monosilane technology instead of treechlorsilane one in new plants. Since the monosilane technology is realized for lower temperatures and has high conversion of precursors, it is possible to spare up to 90% of energy in production of granulated polysilicon in boiling-layer reactors as compared to the traditional Siemens process. But today monosilane technology which is applied in industry aslo based on chlorsilane procceses and requers big CAPEX and still remains not ecology-safe, thats why this problem still needs a solution. A cardinal solution of this problem could be a monosilane technology based on direct reaction of metallurgical silicon and low alcohols. The presence of the induction period in the direct reaction of metallurgical silicon and low alcohols prevents the application of this technology in the industry. A big knowledge about the mechanism and conditions of heterogen catalysis reaction need to solve this problem. A direct reaction of metallurgical silicon and low alcohols and disproportionation of alcoxysilanes, mechanism of influence of catalysis, activation procces are not studied enough.
A number of works have been done to develop the using renewable energy resources in Uzbekistan. For example, starting the company on primary raw material of solar energy - metallurgical silicone, based on local quartzite. Compliance of the let-out metallurgical silicon to requirements of electronics and solar power requires its repartition through process of deep purification into polycrystalline silicon and this task waits for its decision. Proceeding from this, developing of low energy comsumping, ecology-safe technology of monosilane with less capital expenditure is actual in our Republic. Performance of target scientific researches, in particular, researches on Research on the development of non-chlorine monosilane technology of polycrystalline silicon production and creation of processing equipment for its high-quality implementation; development of ion-stimulated methods for creation of the silicon structures for formation of perspective structures of solar elements on the basis of silicon and application of these methods: for increase the level of alloying of silicon structures during their growth; for a relaxation of mechanical stress in heterostructures; for formation of midget and superdense nanoislands; for manifestation of thermovoltaic properties in silicon structures; and also the creating the intermediate layers between functional coating and substrate are an actual tasks. The dissertation is devoted to a certain extent the tasks specified in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan by UP-4512 of March 1, 2013 "About measures for further development of alternative energy sources" and in the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PP-1442 "About priorities of development of a promydennost of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2011-2015" of December 15, 2010 and also in other standard and legal documents accepted in this area.
The purpose of the research research is to develop a monosilane technology of polysilicon production and ion-stimulated methods for creation of silicon structures.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the following results:
developed a technology of alkoxysilane synthesis on the basis of direct reaction of metallurgical silicon and alcohol. The technology is high selectivity relative to the main product (over 95%) and has a high degree of conversion (close to 100%);
excluded, for the first time, an induction period of the direct reaction of metallurgical silicon and ethyl alcohol, which allowed the technological process to run in a continuous mode;
proposed and realized a method of continuous activation of the reaction medium in alkoxysilane synthesis by way of removing the soluble impurities together with a solvent excess through a porous ceramic membrane;
developed a monosilane technology of polysilicon production with the use of alkoxysilanes.
the absence of aggressive precursors and reaction intermediate products in the synthesis process allows a high degree of monosilane purity for single stage distillation;
proposed a new method of catalyst preparation for catalytic disproportionation of triethoxysilane. Natrium ethylate prepared in a medium of tetraethoxysilane, as a result of interaction of metallic natrium and absolute ethyl alcohol, has high activity and is easily regenerated owing to which the process of monosilane synthesis can be performed at room temperature in continuous mode;
developed and created an experimental set-up for polysilicon production on the basis of the monosilane technology where the new technology was successfully tested and all the proposed technical solutions were realized;
proposed a method of separation and control of charged particle flows and an device for its realization, which allowed the ions generated under electron-beam evaporation to be used for control and management of the processes on the growth surface;
increasing doping level reached to 1019 cm'3 by ion-stimulated antimony atoms embed in the crystal lattice of the silicon during the growth;
proposed and realized a method of ion-stimulated relaxation of stresses in Si/Ge heterostructures during the growth;
it was found that the formation of germanium nanoislands on the silicon surface by ion-stimulated molecular beam epitaxy maximizing the density and narrowing of the size distribution function is achieved at 200eV an energy of ions;
it found that at temperatures above 500K. the thermovoltaic properties of thin film silicon p-n structures obtained by the ion-stimulated by vacuum deposition is manifested;
proposed a method of creation of intermediate layers with chemical affinity and gradient transition for adjustment of thermal barrier coatings by the ion-stimulated method.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the research on a doctoral thesis on «А monosilane technology of polysilicon production and ion-stimulated metohods for creation of silicon structures» provided the following conclusions:
1. Developed a monosilane technology of polycrystalline silicon production, based on the alkoxysilanes synthesis by the direct reaction of metallurgical silicon and alcohol, and created an experimental process equipment for its implementation.
2. For the first time held a silicon milling process to the size from 30 to 100 microns in the liquid medium used subsequently as solvent in the alkoxysilanes synthesis, that protects the new surfaces of the silicon particles from exposure to oxygen and moisture, as a result excluded the induction period of the direct reaction of metallurgical silicon and alcohol, and excludes flow of side reactions under the influence of water.
3. A method for dosed supply of suspension, which is consisting of particles of metallurgical silicon, catalyst, solvent and the powder was proposed, whereby, the silicon consumed in the reaction process is compensated and provided a stable reaction;
4. A method is proposed for the activation of the reaction medium, where impurities entering the reaction medium composed of metallurgical silicon, entrained from the reactor with excess of solvent, whereby level of the solvent and the activity of the reaction medium remains constant, the excess solvent is continuously removed from the reactor through the ceramic membrane which is mounted in the walls of the reactor.
5. It has been found that the simultaneous use of technical solutions for milling silicon in a solvent, dosed supply of suspension into the reactor and removing excess solvent together with dissolved therein impurities provides maintains the constant amount of silicon, a catalyst and a solvent for the duration of the process of synthesis and realization of a fully continuous process of alkoxysilane synthesis.
6. A method is proposed for preparing sodium ethoxide in a shielding medium of tetraethoxysilane and the application of freshly prepared sodium ethylate as catalyst in the synthesis of monosilane provides increasing of the process productivity by reducing the contact time of the reactants in more than 5 times.
7. For the first was proposed the purification of monosilane in the absorber, where triethoxysilane cooled below 133K used as an absorbent and separated from triethoxysilane by the phase separation at a temperature of 193K in the separator which is established in the top of the absorber, whereby the deep purification of monosilane is provided in a short manufacturing cycle.
8. A method of separation and control the flow of charged particles and device for its implementation, which allowed the ions generated by electron-beam evaporation to control and management of the processes on the growth surface were proposed.
9. Increasing doping level reached to 1019 cm’3 by ion-stimulated antimony atoms embed in the crystal lattice of the silicon during the growth with delta doping;
10. Experimentally proved the possibility of purposeful management of the degree of stress relaxation in heterostructures during their formation in ion-enhanced molecular beam epitaxy.
11. It was established that the formation of germanium nanoislands on the silicon surface by ion-enhanced molecular beam epitaxy maximizing the density and narrowing of the size distribution function is achieved at 200eV of an ions energy.
12. It is found that at temperatures above 500К the thermovoltaic properties of thin film silicon p-n structures obtained by the ion-stimulated by vacuum deposition is manifested;
13. The creation of intermediate layers with a chemical affinity and gradient transition to adjust the thermal barrier coatings by ion-stimulated method was proposed.

The topicality and significance of the subject of dissertation. Cotton fiber is one of the most important strategic commodities in world trade. According to the International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC), world production of cotton in the 2014/15 season reached 26.2 million tons'. The high level of competition on the world cotton market, the emergence of a modem, technologically advanced and high-speed textile machinery, the need for high quality and competitive textile products leads to a tightening of requirements for the quality of cotton fiber. In this regard, the enhancement of primary processing of raw cotton and the improvement of consumer properties of cotton fiber is the most actual problem. Ry the developed foreign countries, such us the US, China, India, Brazil and other countries, paid special attention to improvement of the efficiency of the cotton industry and process control methods, whereby there has been progress in ensuring the competitiveness of the cotton products. The improvement of the quality characteristics of the cotton fiber, the reduction of production costs of raw cotton processing is provided due to the measures taken to optimize production processes, introduction of new effective technological devices.
The Republic of Uzbekistan also implemented comprehensive large-scale measures to improve the efficiency of the production process of primary processing of raw cotton and for introduction of highly effective technological process management systems that improve the consumer properties of produced cotton products. The works on introduction of flexible technological processes of raw cotton processing arc carried out on the ginneries. In particular, the special attention paid to implementation of raw cotton and cotton fiber humidification technology, allowing, depending on baseline characteristics of the raw material to obtain cotton products of given quality, with minimal loss of raw materials and low energy consumption.
Special attention to the conditioning of seed cotton and cotton fiber by moisture is paid in a world practice, specially to development of new technique and technology of humidification with considering of most important factors influencing the process of primary treatment of cotton, beginning from procurement and storage process of harvested seed cotton and finishing with cotton fiber pressing into bales. In this regard, arc carried out targeted research in areas including: development of improved technology of volume humidification of loosened cotton mass; development of competitive energy saving technology; development of complex technology for humidification of seed cotton before ginning and cotton fiber before pressing; development of step by step complex fibrous material’s humidification systems, adapted to the technological schemes used and the composition of the equipment.
This dissertation research is to the certain extent focused on the tasks for the implementation of practical measures provided by Presidential Decree dated October 27, 2015. UP-4761 «About the formation of the holding company "Uzpahtasanoateksport"» and the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 3, 2007 №70 «About program of modernization and reconstruction of cotton ginning industry for the period of 2007-2011 years», as well as in other legal documents adopted in this area.
The aim of the research is the development of step by step high-performance technology, equipment and methods for humidifying the fibrous material, ensuring the preservation of the natural properties of cotton products.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
new devices for humidification of seed cotton before to ginning were developed;
new methods for humidification of cotton fiber before process of pressing were developed;
methods of humidification of fibrous material by using activated and salt solutions were developed;
rational technological and design parameters of seed cotton and cotton fiber humidifiers were developed;
the relationships between cotton products quality parameters during ginning of seed cotton and pressing of cotton fiber having different initial moisture content, were established;
a new complex technology for humidification of seed cotton before ginning and cotton fiber prior to pressing was developed.
CONCLUSION
In the course of the research produced the following results: On the basis of the survey on his doctoral dissertation on the topic "Methods of the integrated technology for humidifying raw cotton and cotton fiber at cotton ginneries" presented the following conclusions:
1. The classification of technological devices for humidification of the seed cotton before ginning and cotton fiber prior to pressing has been offered. The necessary moisture gain in the range 1,5-2,0% has been determined for the produced cotton fiber.
2. The method for humidification of raw seed cotton before ginning has been developed, which is based on providing of intensive aerodynamic interaction of wetting agent with high moisture content and loosened fibrous material on unloading tray of seed cotton cleaning aggregate UHK (1HK).
3. The algorithms of absorption of moisture in cotton, simulated capillary-porous environment, has been offered. Theoretical solutions made possible to determine the dependence of the distribution parameters of the flow of seed cotton by the length of the tray (pressure, density, velocity and humidity) on raw capacity and the amount of moisture in the feed zone. The mathematic model of water transfer process in a moving stream of raw cotton from the humidifier, in a vertical pipe simulated as two-speed continuous environment has been developed.
4. The device for humidification of the seed cotton before the ginning process has been designed on the base of the analysis of the decision algorithms. The steam generator has been designed, which providing production of humidification agent with high moisture content.
5. The seed cotton humidifier UHS introduced into the process line of Chinaz ginnery of Tashkent region. The test results defined:
- installation is able to provide the gain of seed cotton moisture to 0,5%;
- preserving of the natural physical and mechanical properties of the cotton products ensures.
6. The optimal values of seed cotton moisture content in the range of 7,5-8,5% has been offered, which ensures the preservation of the such physical, mechanical and natural properties of cotton fiber as upper half mean length, strength, short fiber index, uniformity index, and also provides the highest output of cotton fiber.
7. The new method for humidification of cotton fiber prior to pressing has been developed. The method presumes the dividing of layer of cotton fiber coming out from the grooved drums of the condenser, into two streams of fiber particles, their intense humidification and the subsequent pressing in to layer.
8. The mathematical model of the process of separation of the pulp into individual pieces has been offered. The mechanism of moisture transfers in the fiber particles during its movement from loosening drums to crimping rollers and then in the process of theirs shaping into a layer has been determined. The optimal characteristics and design parameters of the offered device for humidification of cotton fiber has been developed.
9. Several variants of devices for humidification of cotton fiber prior to pressing have been developed on the base of the results of the analytical, theoretical and experimental research. The optimal variant has been offered.
10. The device for humidification of cotton fiber UVR introduced into the process line of Buka ginnery of Tashkent region. The test results defined:
- installation is able to provide the cotton fiber moisture gain up to 1,5%;
- the humidification ensures the high uniformity by the entire volume of bale 0,2-0,25%;
- applied humidification technology docs not lead to a deterioration in fiber quality characteristics.
11. The restrictive norm of cotton fiber moisture content before pressing-8,5% has been offered.
12. The methods of humidification of the fibrous material with the use of activated and salt solutions have been introduced.
13. The calculations of economic benefit from the introduction of integrated humidification technology of seed cotton and cotton fiber to the cotton industry have shown that the effect of one typical plant in the year amount to 349.9 million sum per year, or 43740.67 sums per ton of fiber (in prices 2016).

The relevance and demanding of the dissertation the theme. Today, the world's countries with different level of provision of electric power, the average power consumption is 37% in the industry, including mining and metals industry accounted for 12 In connection with the depletion of easily recoverable reserves of mineral resources and the involvement in the exploitation reserves localized in more difficult geological conditions, energy consumption for mining industry is constantly growing. According to statistics, the annual consumption of electrical energy in the mining industry in the world is 913.2 TWh. By results of researches by 2030 the growth of electrical energy consumption will be average 1.8% per year. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of measures to ensure the needs and requirements of industry, energy saving and efficiency of the process, optimization of electric energy consumption.
Mining and metallurgical industry is one of the largest energy consumers in the Republic of Uzbekistan, in which special attention is focused on the organization of effective measures for the implementation of high-performance technologies. In this regard, notable progress has been made in creating high-performance process control systems, standardization of electric energy consumption, improvement of management systems of technological process on the based of intelligent systems.
Acquired issues of particular importance to reduce energy intensity of process ore beneficiation process and energy efficiency technologies for processing mineral resources in view of its inherent characteristics. In this area, the implementation of targeted research is a priority, while highly relevant research in the following areas: the development of a rational law of variable frequency drive, identifying energy-saving modes of operation of the induction motor with static and dynamic processes and the creation of its mathematical model, the development of the wear pattern of the pump unit, the development of a mathematical model of the process and electricity rationing electricity consumption, taking into account the definition of the significant factors influencing the process, to develop an algorithm of forecasting of electric energy consumption. Ongoing scientific research on research areas above indicated is the actuality of the dissertation topic.
This dissertation research is to a certain degree perform tasks provided for in the law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the rational use of energy" (1997), Decree of the of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PD No. 2343 on May 5, 2015 "On the program to reduce energy consumption measures, the introduction of energy saving technologies in the fields of economy and social sphere for 2015-2019 " and the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 333 on November 28, 2012 "On additional measures to reduce manufacturing costs and reduce production costs in the industry", as well as in other regulatory documents adopted in this area.
The aim of the research is to develop technical solutions based on the variable speed drive with electricity rationing parameters that provide energy efficiency enrichment processes.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
identified the most important factors affecting the wear of pump components, developed a mathematical model of wear as a function of the main factors influencing it in the course of operation;
developed energy- and resource-saving operation of variable frequency drive system, "asynchronous motor - pump pumping pulp";
depending on the efficiency of installed electric power consumption of the degree of loading of the balls of the mill second-stage grinding the orc;
developed a comprehensive method of valuation and modeling of energy consumption parameters for the evaluation of energy saving efficiency;
developed a model for predicting the electrical energy consumption of the basic technological parameters of the function.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. Nowadays in world practical person leading place occupies reasonable using the energy and resources, development and introducing the technologies and technical facilities into practice, that provide their saving. Soil tillage is the most power-consuming process in agricultural production, for which 40-50 % of whole spent energy for cultivation and cleaning the pat, as well as other agricultural cultures. If we consider that in effort to grow various types of cultures (crops) all over the world every year the land area1 of more than 1,6 billion hectares arc tilled1, then creating the power-resources saving soil tillage machines is one of the topical problematic matters. In this sphere a certain successes arc achieved in the leading countries of the world such as USA, Germany, England, Italy and etc., where the special attention is paid to application of less-power consuming technologies, machines and operating elements for soil tillage2.
In agriculture sphere of Uzbekistan the large-scale activities on reduction the reducing energy costs in soil tillage processes and organizing the creation, as well as introducing the high-performance modernized machines into practice arc being implemented. In this sphere, including, in a purpose of reducing the expenditures for fuel and lubricant materials, labour costs and the other expenditures at the account of saving the power (energy) and resources, as well as increasing production capacity a number of the scientific-research works, focused to creation of minimum technology on the soil tillage, as well as machines for its implementation into practice have been performed.
In the world in effort to reduce energy (power) consumption in the process of soil tillage the draught resistance reduction at soil-tillage machines gets an important significance; soil tillage machines enhancement on a base by ensuring the influence its operating elements onto the soil in terms of the free cutting; i.e. at the account of ensuring the interaction of operating elements with soil layers, having open-type furrows or loosened area on lateral sides. In this sphere implementation of the targcts-dircctcd scientific researches is a priority task. Herewith currently it is topical to undertake the research studies in the following spheres: development of new ways of the soil deformation and destructions as well as soil tillage facilities; creating technical facilities and machines ensuring soil tillage with less power expenditure; development of less power-capable passive and active types of operating elements for machines of the major soil tillage; development of the machines and instruments on which operating elements work in condition of the free cutting. Scientific researches on afore-cited scientific-research spheres show a topicality of subject of the present dissertation.
The present dissertation research at a certain level serves for implementation of tasks, determined by the Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PD-1758 dated May 21st of 2012: «About the Program for further modernization, technical and technological re-equipment of the Agricultural Productions for 2012- 2016 years», Resolution of the Cabinet of Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan No 215 dated July 14th of 2012 «About measures on ensuring the implementation of the program for further modernization, technical and technological re-equipment of the agricultural production in 2012 - 2016 years», as well as in other law acts, which have been accepted in this sphere.
The aim of the research work is development energy and resources-saving soil-tillage machines having operating clement interacting with soil in the free cutting condition.
Scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
technical solutions on soil deformation and destruction processes under influence of operating elements in view of trihedral and vertical wedges in terms of free-acted cutting arc developed;
technological and design-engineering schemes of energy-saving chiselcultivator having operating elements running in free-acted cutting condition applied in pre-cropping period soil tillage proceedings arc developed;
technological and design-engineering schemes of less energy-consuming flatcutter deep loosening device applied in undumped deep soil tillage operations arc developed;
complex of the analytical dependencies and mathematical models for processes of soil deformation and destructions by operating elements in the manner of trihedral and vertical wedge, interacting with soil in condition of free cutting condition is created;
regularities of variations qualitative and energy performances of operating elements run, interacting with soil in the free cutting condition; depending on their parameters, tillage depth and movement velocity arc determined;
CONCLUSION
On a base of the implemented researches on doctoral dissertation on subject «Creating less power-consuming machines for soil tillage» the following conclusions arc provided herein:
1. In effort to reduce soil tillage machines energy consumption and consequently the power costs spent for tillage it is reasonable to ensure the interaction of their operating elements with soil in condition of the free cutting i.e. they must influence onto ground layers, having opened furrows or loozened zones at lateral sides.
2. Implemented theoretical and experimental researches showed that in condition of free cutting the soil under influence of operating elements is destructed by moving-off throughout horizontal plane, directed to the side of lateral open-type furrows or loozened zones, and by reducing power costs for deformation and soil destructions this outcomes to reduction of power consumption in soil tillage and draught resistance of operating elements at 1,8-3,5 times.
3. By increasing the tillage velocity and depth reduction the draught resistance of operating elements, working in condition of free cutting will be in accordingly 1,12 and 1,26 times less, than working in condition of blocked-type cutting shows that when applying them at deep and speedy soil tillage processes there will be obtained a high efficiency.
4. In a purpose of decreasing the power consumability in soil tillage by ensured running the most operating elements of machines in free-acted cutting condition is possible due to dual row and Л-shaped allocating them on the framework proper selecting the type and form of operating elements. When the operating elements arc laid out on dual row on the framework the operating elements of first row should be built-up in a form of dihedral wedges; operating elements located on the edge of the second row - in a form of right and left single sided; but operating elements laid out between them - in a form of dual sided trihedral wedges; when the operating element is laid out Л-shaped, the one laid out first in the movement direction, should be in a form of dihedral wedge; and the remaining right and left single-sided trihedral wedges.
5. In the event when operating elements arc allocated on dual row on the framework it is reasonable to apply wide-biting machines purposed for performing surface tillage works, but Л-shapcd allocation of operating elements on machines purposed for the deep soil tillage having less bite width.
6. In effort to achieve qualitative soil tillage under minimum power expenditures by chisel-cultivator it is recommended that incoming angle of loosened hoes into the soil must be 25°; solution angle of the arrow-type hoe - 60-80°; bite width of loosening hoe - at least 50 mm; bite width of arrow-type hoe -not more than 340 mm; length of working surface of loosening hoe - not less than 160 mm; cross-sectional distance between loosening and arrow-type hoes - not more than 190 mm; longitudinal distance between loosening and arrow-type hoes -at least 660 mm.
7. Angle of incoming the central operating clement into the soil - 25°; angle of incoming the lateral operating element into soil - 25°; solution angle of the central operating element - 30-40°; width of the central operating clement - not less than 75 mm; bite width of lateral operating element - not more than 250 mm; length of working surface of central operating element - not less than 190 mm; cross-sectional distance between the central and lateral operating elements - not more than 290 mm; cross-sectional distance between the lateral operating elements - not more than 250 mm; longitudinal distance between the central and lateral operating elements - not less than 950 mm; longitudinal distance between the lateral operating elements - not less than 760 mm; by applying flat-cutter deep loosening device qualitative deep soil tillage at less power costs is ensured.
8. Less draught resistance of designed energy and resources saving chiselcultivator and flat-cutter deep loosening device accordingly will be at 1,33-1,39 and 1,44-1,52 times than existing chisel-cultivator and flat-cutter deep loosening device have ones; provides the reduction in fuel consumption to 3,3-3,4 accordingly and 6,3-7,2 kgs at each hectare of the tilled land area.
9. Applying energy and resources saving chisel-cultivator and flat-cutter-deep loosening device allows to reduce in direct expenses on each hectare of tilled land area to 19,1 accordingly and 22,8 %, herewith economic effect shall amount accordingly 5863153 and 16831188 bags on one machine.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. Today around the worldbroad application of cold in food, chemical the industries, etc. allows to provide to medicine, pharmaceutics rhythm of production, it is more rational to use fixed assets, to keep quality of foodstuff, drugs, etc. In recent years, according to the International institute of cold, about a third of world production falls to the share of perishable goods. The general losses of all food in the world make ~25%, fruit and vegetables ~35%, perishable goods because of a lack of refrigerating capacities ~20%.In this regard construction new and reconstruction of the operating refrigerators arc inseparably linked with technical progress in area of production, application of artificial coldandisone of important tasks.
For years of independence special attention is paid on production of refrigeration and climatic units of different function. Essential results on increase in productivity and efficiency of the compressors entering them and the hcatexchange equipment arc achicved.lt is possible to note especially reduction of power losses in devices.
Todayimprovement of schemes of the produced installations, conservation by use of the ozone-safe and not creating greenhouse effect coolants arc one of important tasks.Carrying out purposeful research works, in particular, development of safe mixes of coolants, effective hcatexchange devices, programs of calculation of refrigerating cycles and selection of componentsis one of importanttasks.
This dissertation research to some extent serves performance of the tasks provided by the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of April 7, 2011 No. PP-107 "About measures for development and strengthening of material and technical resources of storage of fruit and vegetable products for 201 l-2015"and also in other standard and legal documents accepted in this sphere.
The aim of research work is development of scientific and methodical bases of process of boiling of multicomponent mix of coolants on a surface with cross and ring flutes and of the hcatexchange device from pipes with cross and ring turbulizers.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
the heat exchange model at vesiculate boiling of hydrocarbonic coolants and their ncazcotropny mix R290/R600a/R600 on pipes with cross and ring turbulizers is created;
on the basis of the carricd-out tests skilled data on refrigerating capacity, energy expenses in the one-stage and cascade refrigerators equipped with the effective condenser, the evaporator and the condenser evaporator arc obtained;
dependence of refrigerating capacity, the spent power on a type of coolant, the place of application of effective pipes is revealed (in the condenser, the evaporator and the condenser evaporator);
semi-empirieal models of a thermolysis when cooling, heating, boiling, condensation arc offered;
on the basis of the analysis efficiency of hcatexchange devices with the pipes having ring flutes outside and smoothly outlined diaphragms inside is shown.
Application of knurled pipes in the evaporator thermodynamic is favorable, the efficiency of the condenser with cross ring turbulizers made of pipes 1,06 + 1,25 in an interval;
on the basis of the analysis efficiency of vapor-compression refrigerators with the hcatexchange devices manufactured of pipes, having ring flutes and ledges is shown. The best mashines on power characteristics with pipes No. 3 in the condenser and with pipes No. 4 in the evaporator have, respectively, efficiency and 0,59 at To. Application of knurled pipes in the condenser evaporator practically docs not influence efficiency of the refrigerator;
the criterion for assessment of power efficiency of hcatexchange devices is offered;
the technique of the eksergetichcsky analysis of the one-cascade vaporcompression refrigerator is developed. The technique is based on the sequence of the analysis of one-stage machinarics.
CONCLUSION
The main results of dissertation operation arc as follows:
1. The technique of processing of experimental results of the cascade refrigerator with the intensified hcatexchange pipes is developed.
2. Changes arc entered into a method of calculation of density of a thermal stream at vesiculate boiling taking into account parameters of surfaces with ring flutes.
3. Fall of temperature of condensation in the top branch when using all options of pipes with ring diaphragms and flutes as hcatexchange surfaces in the condenser is revealed.
4. The non zeotrop mix R290/R600a/R600 offered as the alternative agent to ozonoaktivny R12 has almost identical power indicators with R12.
5. Arc defined efficiency on refrigerators with condensers from effective pipes. Application of a pipe No. 2 in the condenser lowers efficiency of the mashine, and pipes No. 4 - does not influence on. The best surface of heat exchange is the surface from pipes No. 3.
6. Under equal conditions the refrigerating coefficient of the cascade mashine on pure propane is more, than on mix. With growth of temperature of boiling £ raises. The mashine with d! D- 0,945 pipes in the evaporator is most effective.
7. The criterion for evaluation of efficiency of hcatexchange devices is offered. The criterion of efficiency is based on a concept of an exergy. It is convenient to them to use for definition of the best options of the hcatexchange surfaces operating and selection thermodynamic of the naivygodny designed devices. The technique of the ekscrgctichcsky analysis of the one-cascade vapor-compression refrigerator is developed. The technique is based on the sequence of the analysis of one-stage mashincs.
8. Operation of the cascade refrigerator by means of the developed technique in the range it is analysed by 213 < To < 233 A?. r)e kritcry of efficiency served. The best mashines on power characteristics with pipes No. 3 in the condenser and with pipes No. 4 in the evaporator have, respectively, efficiency/^, =0,60 and 0,59 at To =213. Application of knurled pipes in the condenser evaporator practically docs not influence efficiency of the refrigerator. The maximum efficiency of the machine is reached at TO<213A’. In all cases atTo, exceeding 213 K, sharp reduction of efficiency is observed. Power characteristics of compressor and condenser knot of the refrigerator with the device equipped with effective pipes arc calculated. The size of losses of energy is reduced by 5190,5 kW ■ h/year at the 7000th hour of work in a year.