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PATHOMORPHOLOGY OF CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURES OF
THE KNEE JOINT IN THE SECONDARY FORM OF GONARTHROSIS
Ochilov J.T.
Samarkand State Medical University,Uzbekistan
Relevance.
Gonarthrosis is a disease based on damage to the joint (its cartilage, synovial
membrane, capsule) and surrounding tissues (ligaments and muscles), accompanied by
impaired mobility and support function. Osteoarthritis is a growing health problem due to the
prevalence of obesity and the increasing number of elderly people in the population.
Osteoarthritis is common. In the United States, 21 million people (approximately 7% of the
population) suffer from it. According to epidemiological studies, more than 14% of the world's
population suffers from knee osteoarthritis, and in recent years the disability caused by it has
increased 3-5 times. Women are almost twice as likely to develop osteoarthritis as men. They
suffer almost twice as much. Two-thirds of patients are people of working age, aged 40-60.
Research objective:
to determine the morphological changes in the structures of the
knee joint
in secondary g onarthrosis .
Materials and methods:
Republican Center of Specialized Traumatology and
Orthopedics, Samarkand A total of 88 patients who received surgical procedures in the branch,
surgical materials from the knee joint were studied from a pathomorphological point of view
in the department of pathological anatomy of the multidisciplinary clinic of the Samaraqand
State Medical University. Anamnestic in pathomorphological evaluation of morphological and
morphometric changes of knee joint structures in gonarthrosis ,
macroscopic, microscopic,
morphometric and statistical research methods were carried out.
Results and discussion:
Patients diagnosed with secondary gonarthrosis are mainly
athletes with knee injuries, people who are constantly in motion, and patients with obesity, and
most of them are female patients.
Pathomorphological examination of the knee joint surface,
which was removed during surgery, revealed a decrease in the amount of hyaline cartilage, i.e.
its thickness was 2.8-3.2 mm, and the development of degenerative and dystrophic changes in
chondrocytes, with an average size of 21±2.1 μm. In particular, chondromalacia is detected in
some parts of the hyaline cartilage. Dystrophic changes are noted in the chondrocytes of the
remaining part. The shape of the osteocytes in the subchondral bone tissue is oval, with
irregular contours and a wide surface, and they mainly show dystrophic changes, signs of
osteoporosis, the formation of bone cysts, and the formation of osteophytes. In the periarticular
tissues, proliferation of cells, tissue fibrosis, and interstitial tissue swelling are noted. It is
determined that the number of adipocytes has increased in the spaces of the connective tissue.
There is swelling of the intima in blood vessels and hydropic dystrophy and swelling of the
nucleus in endotheliocytes. Due to the swelling of collagen and elastic fibers in the walls of
blood vessels, narrowing (obliteration) of their spaces is determined. In some areas of the
synovial membrane, it is noted that the process of vascularization has developed.
Conclusion:
Thus, in secondary gonarthrosis, in parallel with the development of
dystrophic changes in the hyaline cartilage tissue of the knee joint, the development of
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dystrophic changes in the subchondral bone tissue is actively taking place. The swelling of the
intima layer in blood vessels is marked by the process of obliteration.
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