Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
40
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
40-46
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Land and water names are a linguistic, historical, and cultural heritage that expresses an understanding of the
worldview, lifestyle, customs, and geographical environment of the people who settled this territory. Toponymy is a
mirror of people's lives. Our people, absorbed in a nomadic and sedentary lifestyle, were well-versed in the
geographical environment, topography of the land, flora and fauna, and demonstrated their mastery in accurately
describing them in their native language. The toponymy of the Kungrad district is based on geographical terms that
indicate the natural and geographical features of the surrounding environment. The article deals with these issues.
KEYWORDS
Term, topography, animal world, spring, phytotoponym.
INTRODUCTION
Regarding the significance of folk geographical terms
in toponymic research, E.M. Murzaev notes: "Terms
are the foundation of toponymy, they are the part that
defines the meaning of geographical terms... any
toponymic research should begin with the analysis of
folk geographical terms, and current, such substrate
local terminology should be conditionally taken into
account" [1, 323].
A person was able to compare and contrast the
surrounding
environment,
landscape
features,
Research Article
TOPONYMS REVEALING THE NATURAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF
TOPONYMS OF KUNGRAD DISTRICT)
Submission Date:
December 08, 2024,
Accepted Date:
December 13, 2024,
Published Date:
December 18, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume04Issue12-07
Shamshaddinova Saodat Saparbaevna
Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
41
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
40-46
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
topography, various geographical objects with
themselves, with their own life, with various objects,
tools, and gave names and names in this process of
recognition. Therefore, the geosystem toponymy of
the Kungrad district is based on geographical terms
that indicate the natural and geographical features of
the environment. When creating them, laws are
observed regarding the appearance of a particular
landscape. A group of toponyms: bulaq, jap, ko'l, qala,
qara, qamis, qonyr, qudıq, qum, say, tal, tas, terek,
tóbe, etc. are formed by adding defining words to a
number of geographical terms. Such local geographical
terms or appellatives are used as designations of
natural objects and formed as a basis for the formation
of land and water terms of the territory, especially
indicating landscape features. The toponyms of the
Kungrad district correspond to the conservative
landscapes of the region and its components, and are
characterized by their current stable structure.
The geographical terms expressing the natural and
geographical features of the environment of the
toponymy of the Kungrad district are distinguished by
their content as follows:
1. Toponyms imposed depending on the topography of
the Earth's surface and the specifics of the
geographical object.
2. Plant-related toponyms.
3. Animal toponyms.
4. Toponyms expressing color.
5. Numerical toponyms
1) toponyms related to the topography of the earth's
surface and the specific characteristics of the
geographical object
: Aqqansuw, Aybúyir, Aqtóbe, Dińli
tumsıq, Domalaq to
ǵ
ay, Erbur
ı
n, Gúrkirewik, Alt
ı
nkól,
Qarabaw
ı
r, Tayl
ı
, CHashte
pe, Shaytanqala, Shurıq and
etc. Meanings are: Aqqansuw
–
spring water, Aybúyir
–
lunar-
humped lake, Dińli tumsıq –
top-nosed. Ding
means "hill, high place" [2, 168]. Domalaq to
ǵ
ay
–
is a
circular forest, Erbur
ı
n
–
in Turkmen nose, that is, the
place where the edge of the plateau forms the nose.
Gúrkirewik - so called because the water of the spring
roared. Altınkól
- depending on the color of the lake.
The name Taylı means "mountainous land". E.
Murzaev: in the Turkish language, tay means
"mountain" [3, 38]. In the local language, the Ustyurt
Plateau is called a mountain. Chashtepe is a
combination of Tajik and Turkmen words, meaning
"stone hill". The name "Shaytanqala" is derived from
the specific characteristics of this geographical object.
The two islands in the middle of the Barsakelmes
desert seem to be large mountains at a distance and
disappear by themselves in an instant. This is a physical
phenomenon, where the mirage rises in the salt and
makes the small island look like a big mountain, or it
becomes foggy and covers the island. This
phenomenon is also common in the Ustyurt desert.
There was also a belief among the local population that
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
42
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
40-46
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Shaytanqala burns at night, and that there are demons
there. Shurik is the name of a well, so named because
there are many mouse nests in the area.
Therefore, topographical names play an important role
in the system of toponyms of the Kungrad district.
Toponyms accumulate a rich resource for identifying
characteristics that determine natural phenomena and
resources of the population.
2)
Plant
toponyms
(phytotoponyms)
.
The
informational value of plant names became the basis
for the names of many local geographical objects. The
flora of the Kungrad district, characteristic of the
forest-field natural area, is reflected in the world of the
region's names. Phytotoponyms are effectively used in
the composition of toponyms in the area and reflect
the specifics of the spatial flora. Plants such as willow,
tree, reed, sorghum, saxaul, licorice, etc. are found in
the composition of phytotoponyms. The frequent
occurrence of plant species in the toponym among
plants growing in the area was influenced by the fact
that the object is distinguished by its special
characteristics and is necessary for people's lives.
Therefore, phytotoponyms found in the Kungrad
district are: Aqtikenli, Jiydeli, Juwsanlısay, Sarıqamıs,
Seksewilsay, Tomarqala, Aqbaslı, Boyanlı, Iytsiygek,
Qaratal, Marqabayterek, Tallıq, Terek, Túley and etc.
Kungrad district is an irrigated and desert area. Most of
the Ustyurt Plain is favorable for livestock and is not
rich in flora. However, for centuries, the nomadic
population,
engaged
in
animal
husbandry,
distinguished the characteristics of desert plants and
gave names to places, so plant names and land-water
names appeared. In irrigated areas, depending on the
place of plant accumulation, the name of the plant is
given to that place.
Old Turkic words are also found among the
phytoonyms. For example, Túley refers to an area
where saxaul grows thick.
Therefore, we believe that geographical terms
consisting of plant names, biological names such as
saxaul, reed, sorghum, willow, and tree, which are
actively used in the toponyms of the region, can be
included in the list of toponymic determinants of the
region.
3) Animal toponyms (zootoponyms).
By studying zootoponyms, one can also become aware
of the animal world of the area and obtain information.
For example, in the Ustyurt region of the research
object, toponyms related to the saiga, jayron, kulan,
and even the extinct leopard are found. The spaces of
such nature caresses did not go unnoticed by the local
population and became toponymic names.
Since the geographical names of animals are not
confused with other places and are rich in
representatives of the fauna, they are given names in
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
43
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
40-46
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
order to correctly use and protect their biological and
vital characteristics. Such terms include Aktaylak
–
a
land name, Baqali
–
a lake, Jayranli - a land name,
Kiyiksay - a stream, Kaplanqir - a hill, Kulanli - a land
name, Kulantakyr - a takyr, Kunduzli - a lake name,
Qustaw - a mountain, Saygak - a land name, Suwenli - a
canal, Taylaq taygan - a land name, Shibindi - a land
name, etc.
Zootoponymic data allows for the restoration of the
character of the animal world in the past. Therefore,
the zootoponyms of the region, formed from animal
names, also form a certain group.
4) Toponyms denoting color, tone
: Aqbulaq, Aqshuqır,
Aqshoymaq, Aqtóbe, Aqtumsıq, Aqushpa, A
ǵ
ı
y
ı
n,
Qarabas, Qara mola, Qaraw
ı
mbet and etc.
Although names such as Akbulaq and Akshukur are
based on the word ak, which means color, not all of
them mean color. The word "ak" can be used to define
the meaning of a geographical name and the type of a
geographical object through the appellatives bulaq,
shuqır, döng, tumsıq.
In addition to expressing color, the word "ak" is also
used in the meanings of "slender, attractive, clean,
clear, sweet." In this case, the word "Akbulak" means
"a fresh spring with clean, clear water," while the
words "Akshuqır" and "Aktepa" mean a pit, a h
ill,
where there is no white vegetation. " Aktepa "means"
a circle of white stones on top" [4, 24].
Qarashıńıraw means a large well. Shıńıraw is a well in
desert areas [5, 252].
It is correct to note that color and tone names in
toponyms have different meanings than tone. For
example, the word "Qora," which is often found in the
toponyms of the Kungrad district, in addition to color,
means large, large, deep, thick, and other meanings.
The name Karaumbet is formed from a combination of
the words kara and gumbet, meaning large dome. In
Turkmen, the dome is called a gumbet, so the name
black dome changed its sound to Karaumbet.
Therefore, all the diversity in nature is not always
limited to defining the diversity and appearance of a
geographical
object,
but
also
includes
the
representations and concepts formed by the
population over the centuries.
5) Numerical toponyms
. One of the most important
and at the same time one of the stable indicators of
world culture of the conceptual system of human
consciousness is a logical and cultural phenomenon,
the lexical form of which is served by numbers.
Number, on the one hand, is related to the reflection
of human thought processes, on the other hand, it is
one of the important elements of modern culture,
therefore, numbers based on this (the concept of
number in the language indicating the main signs) can
be interpreted as cultural sciences.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
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:
40-46
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Numbers are also found in the toponyms of the
Kungrad district: Birqarınshıńıraw, Mıńjarwan, Qırqqız,
Qosterek, Qosqudıq, Úshbeyit, Úshqudıq, Úsh terek,
Úshqábir, "On toız," "Jigirma," "Jigirma bir," Qırqqa
qırıq, KS
-
7, R1a, Birinshi awıl, Ekinshi awıl, Besinshi awıl,
etc.
Numbers are words that express numbers, and
numbers have logical, philosophical, national-cultural,
and mythological characteristics. For example, in the
toponym Birqarınshıńıraw, the word Birqarın means
little water. The water taken from the well was formed
in the language because it fed only the belly of one
sheep or camel, a horse.
Numbers in toponymy can become specific names,
changing their conceptual correlation, becoming
individualizing features for distinguishing different
objects from each other.
Thus, the geographical names of the toponymy of the
Kungrad district, expressing the natural and
geographical features of the environment, are divided
into groups according to their meaning: a) toponyms
related to the topography of the earth's surface and
the specific characteristics of the geographical object;
b) toponyms related to plants; c) toponyms related to
animals; d) toponyms expressing color; e) toponyms
related to numbers. Toponyms related to the
topography of the Earth's surface and the specific
features of the geographical object provide
information about the specific topographical features
of the territory, the specific features of the
geographical object, while toponyms called plant
names form an understanding of the plant world
growing in the region. Numerical toponyms are
sometimes used in an abstract sense.
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