Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
248
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
248-255
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article talks about the literary sources that provide information about Khojanazar Huvaido's work. Manuscripts
and lithographs of the poet's works, anthologies, essays, collections, anthologies, poetry collections containing
information on his work, as well as those that can provide valuable facts about his life , a literary memoir compiled by
specialists or those interested in the field of literary studies, as well as a scientific description of the information given
in the diaries of Russian and European scientists who visited Turkestan stated.
KEYWORDS
Manuscript, lithograph, bayoz, tazkira, collection, anthology, poetry collection, memoir, diary.
INTRODUCTION
Khojanazar ibn Goyibnazar Khuvaido (1704-1781), who
is considered one of the most mature representatives
of Uzbek classic Sufism literature, was popularly
known as Khuvaidoi Chimyoni because he was born in
the village of Chimyan in Fergana. According to the
information provided by the poet's grandson,
Fakhriddin Eshon Hoki, in the work "Genealogy of
Eshon Khuvaido", the original lineage of the poet is
from the scholars of Osh, Khojanazr's father,
Goyibnazar Eshon, came from Koshghar, Eastern
Turkestan, in order to further improve his status in the
sect. He went to the famous Sufi Afaqkhoja, who
became a murid, and thirty During the year, he took
lessons from him in the direction of tariqat.
Research Article
SOURCES OF KHUVAIDO’S CREATIVITY
Submission Date:
December 15, 2024,
Accepted Date:
December 20, 2024,
Published Date:
December 28, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume04Issue12-21
Bokiyev Komilkhan Umarkhanovich
Scientific researcher of the Alisher Navoi State Literature Museum of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic
of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
249
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
248-255
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In 1693, after Afaqkhoja's death, Goyibnazar
Afakkhoja's son, who moved to Margilon, came to
Khoja Muhyi Ahmad and continued his lessons with
him. Khoja Muhyi Ahmed is considered one of the
famous guardians not only in the Fergana Valley, but
also in the entire Central Asian region, and the people
named him "Poshho Pirim". After that, Goyibnazar
made a yard in Chimyan and settled down. Khojanazar
was born in this house.
The poet has 351 ghazals, 41 quatrains, 28 rubai, 3
muhammas, 3 masnavis, 1 musaddas, 1 muzambal, 1
mustazad and thirty chapters and "Ibrahim Adham"
the poem "Rohati Dil" consisting of a short story"
arrived, and it was organized by the poet's grandson
Sirojiddin Saqib given After that, this source was
copied several times by scribes, 7 manuscripts, 12
lithographs in the fund of the UzR FA ShI, and 7
manuscripts in the Hamid Sulayman fund, Alisher Navoi
of the UzR FA 2 manuscripts are stored in the State
Literary Museum named after Alisher Navoi, and 1
lithograph copy is kept in the National Library named
after Alisher Navoi. A lithographic copy of the poet's
devo is stored in the Manuscript Fund of the UzR FA ShI
with inventory number 12004.
The period during which Khuvaido was born and lived
was steadily gaining strength, taking advantage of the
establishment of the Kokhan Khanate and the
weakening of the Bukhara Khanate and the nomadic
Kazakhs. There were madrassas, schools and convents
in all the estates of the Kokan Khanate. Many students
from different countries came to study here because
there are well-known teachers and scientists in
madrasahs in both religious and secular sciences. As a
result of this, the spiritual and cultural condition of the
population of the khanate improved and led to the
increase of intelligent people among the people.
Khuvaido also acquired enough knowledge according
to the demands of his time and became one of the
most intelligent people of his time. Khuvaido's work is
considered the basis for many poets.
The poet's grave is located in Chimyon village near the
city of Margilan, this area is the main destination of
Khuvaido's creativity, and this place is one of the
important points related to his spiritual and literary
history.
It is true that great positive shifts and changes took
place in the cultural life of the khanate in the first half
of the 18th-19th centuries. Among many fields, the
science of historiography has grown significantly in the
Khanate. Historical works written in Arabic and
Persian-Tajik languages by the predecessor historians
were translated by the historians, along with the
illumination of the history of Kokand and the peoples
of Central Asia in general. Among them, there are
specific characteristics of samples written directly
during the reign of the Kokhan Khanate, and some of
them were written in a poetic way. This, in turn, proves
that the historians of the Khanate were not only aware
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
250
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
248-255
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of literature, but also created well in poetry. These
historical works contain information about the poets
who lived and worked in the khanate, as well as some
examples of their works. In particular, partial
information about Khuvaido's work can also be found
in these works. An example of this is the work of Mulla
Niyaz Muhammad Khoqandi Niazi bin Mulla bin Ashur
Muhammad Khokandi "History of Shahrukhy".
In Turkish (Uzbek) classical literature, Zullisanaynism
took the form of tradition, and in scientific literature it
was noted that this situation continued until the 20s-
30s of the 20th century. However, recent researches in
the field of textual studies show that the line of poets
who created in Aruz weight and in two languages in
cities such as Kokan, Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent,
Kattakorgan, Andijan has not been interrupted even
after the second half of the 20th century. This process
was not far from the attention of tazkiranavis and
majmuanavis of this period. It is important to note that
in the literary environment of Kokan, there have been
many cases where the poems of the poets, written in
the Tajik language, have been compiled into a
collection. For example, the "Majmuai shuaroi
Khoqandi" complex compiled by Muhammad Husayn
al-Bulgari (
يراغلبلا نيسح دمحم
) in 1269 AH (1852-1853 AD)
is one of these collections. The only copy of this
collection has reached us and is kept in the FA ShI
238/XVIII inv. Although the collection does not touch
upon Khuvaido's work personally, but mainly the poets
of the Amiri period are mentioned, the poems of mystic
poets such as Hazin, Rind, Ashiq, and Foni, written in
the form of nazira, are attached to Khuvaido's poems.
This also shows that Huvaydo's work was highly
respected by Sufism creators of his time and after him.
From the end of the 19th century, he began to study
the literary and artistic sources, cultural heritage and
art samples of the Fergana region, which was formed
as a result of the colonization of the khanate by Tsarist
Russia. These researches were mainly of a general
nature. For example, N.F.Petrovsky's article "History of
Kokandskogo Khanstva" published in the 10th issue of
"Vestnik Evropy" magazine in 1875, referring to the
mystical literature of the khanates, mentions Khuvaido
among the mystic poets.
Khuvaido's divan is one of the important signs that
show the creative maturity and literary potential of the
poet. "Devony Huvaydo" is a collection of the poet's
poems, a collection of various poetic examples in terms
of their form and content, which is a systematic
presentation of the product of his creative activity,
formation of his poetic style and thereby was an
important factor in strengthening its place in literature.
The poet collected in his divan various lyrical poetic
genres in terms of form and content. This ensured its
color and the versatility of the poems. Also, the poems
show the depth of the poet's thoughts and feelings,
the richness of his imagination, and the level of beauty
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
251
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
248-255
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of the image and expression. For example, along with
religious-mystical, Islamic-mystical ideas, images of
time and space, personal experiences, socio-political
issues and philosophical topics are covered in the
poet's book. The poet also paid great attention to the
form of the poem, because the rhythmic structure and
melodiousness of the poems clearly showed the poet's
skills. Devon is one of the important literary sources
that shows the poet's social position and his creative
success.
The book of Khuvaido is one of the literary sources of
that time, written in a unique way. A number of
manuscripts of this devan are stored in the Manuscript
Fund of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Most of
these divans are composed of poems written in Uzbek
and Tajik languages. A copy of Devon's manuscript
copied in 1246 AH (1830-1831 AD) stored in inv. 77/V is
one of them. is one of the important sources in
learning. There is a special note on the colophon about
the date of Devon's transfer.
Khuvaido's poems are imbued with a mystical spirit,
and social and cultural problems of that time, the inner
world of a person and the themes of love are raised. At
the same time, it reveals at a high level the mental state
of a lover who has renounced love for the world and is
sad about true love. In his poems, he covered not only
intimate but also social issues with aspects and images,
mental states and internal needs. In Khuvaido's works,
special importance is attached to religious-mystical
relations, people's attitude to life, their inspiration and
excitement.
Manuscripts are the sources that can provide primary
information about the life of the poet, and at the same
time, these are important sources that can fully
demonstrate the poet's creative maturity. In particular,
manuscript number 77/V is one of the important
sources in this regard. The manuscript was copied in
1217 AH (1802-1803 AD). The manuscript is incomplete,
it has no beginning and no end. This manuscript
reflects several scientific and artistic aspects, including
the approach to poetry and the art of bookkeeping.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
252
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
248-255
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
According to the structure and characteristics of the
manuscript, one of the important aspects is its cover,
and the manuscript has two covers. The front cover is
made of dark green cardboard and is decorated with
tulip-shaped embossing. On the cover there is an
inscription "coverer Muhammad Sharif case 1217". The
back cover is made of brown leather and also has the
inscription "Muhammadsharif's work".
The layout of the text in the manuscript is also unique,
the text is arranged in two columns on each page and
is framed by red frames. This shows that attention was
paid to the original art and miraculousness of the
manuscript.
Poems are written in nastaliq letter, with beautiful
calligraphy. The poems are easy to read and the text is
aesthetically appealing.
In addition to the external structure of the text, the
internal structure is designed in a unique way, and the
manuscript consists of two parts. The first part
contains the lyrical works of the poet Khuvaido.
Basically, there are ghazals arranged in alphabetical
order. Among the ghazals, poems ending with some
letters of the Arabic alphabet have not been copied.
This may be due to the fact that some rules were not
followed when moving the text, or it may be
accidental.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
253
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
248-255
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In the next part, mustahzad and murabbas are placed.
Also, at the end of the manuscript, the poems of Khoja
Ahmed Yassavi and Boborahim Mashrab are copied. In
this manuscript, their works are presented with
separated titles.
The decorations on the cover are unique and emdiv
the traditions of the bookmaking art of that time. On
the front of the cover there are tulip-shaped
embossments, inside of which there is another green
embossment. Within this relief is an image of a seal
with the following inscription: "May the result be
successful." This seal means that during the
preparation of the manuscript, the author or
bookbinder was committed to a successful work.
The text has some flaws. Many pages are misaligned,
causing gaps between pages. The lacuna creates some
difficulties for studying and doing scientific work.
The cover of the manuscript was done by Mulla Hasan
Muhammad. The colors and shapes used in the cover
decoration further enrich the artistic aspect of the
manuscript.
Manuscript 77/V is of special importance for its art,
aesthetics and scientific value. The poems of
Khojanazar Chimyoni (Khuvaido), together with the
works of Khoja Ahmed Yassavi and Boborahim
Mashrab, illuminate not only the literary heritage, but
also the cultural and social environment of that time.
Aesthetic aspects of the manuscript, cover and cover
design increase its artistic value.
Another manuscript of the poet's office is manuscript
number 6957, which contains the poet's lyrical works.
Khojamnazar Chimyani's poems reflected the poetic
traditions and musical rhythms of his time and left a
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
254
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
248-255
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
great literary heritage. The manuscript contains
various genres that make up Khuvaido's poetic works.
The date of copying of the manuscript is 1275 AH (1858-
1859 AD), which indicates its historical value as a work
created in the middle of the 19th century.
As for the description of the composition and structure
of the manuscript, it follows the traditional method of
classical devanism, and the manuscript begins with
ghazals arranged in alphabetical order. Ghazals are
presented on pages 1b-73b. Traditionally, in ghazals,
each poem begins with a basmala. At the same time,
among the ghazals, there are no poems ending with
some letters of the Arabic alphabet
–
“jim”, “zol”,
“zo”. This probably means that some l
iterary standards
or conventions were not followed in the editing of the
manuscript, or the poems about these letters may have
been copied altogether.
Ghazals are followed by mustahzad (satirical poems)
on pages 73b-75a and murabbas (quatrains) on pages
75a-76a.
One of the important aspects of this manuscript is that
it contains information about the author of the work
and his work, the writer of the manuscript and the
cover artist. In the colophon part of the manuscript,
there is a brief note about the completion of the
manuscript, brief information about the author and the
cover artist.
REFERENCES
1.
Xojamnazar Huvaydo (
اديﻮﻫ ﺮﻆﻨ ﻪﺠﻮﺨ
). Devoni
Huvaydo (
اديﻮﻫ يناﻭيد
) (qo‘lyozma). 1217 (1802
-1803).
–Toshkent: O‘zR FA ShI Qo‘lyozmalar fondi №77V.
2.
Собрание Восточных рукописей АН Р Уз. Том II. –
Ташкент: Фан, 1954. –С.328.
3.
Катановъ Н.Ф. Маргеланская
сказка о старце и
дочери купца. –Казань. http://turklib.ru, 1889. –
С.8.
4.
Xojamnazar Huvaydo (
اديﻮﻫ ﺮﻆﻨ ﻪﺠﻮﺨ
). Devoni
Huvaydo (
اديﻮﻫ يناﻭيد
) (qo‘lyozma). –Toshkent: O‘zR
FA ShI Qo‘lyozmalar fondi №11513/II.
5.
Xojamnazar Huvaydo (
اديﻮﻫ ﺮﻆﻨ ﻪﺠﻮﺨ
). Devoni
Huvaydo (
اديﻮﻫ يناﻭيد
) (qo‘lyozma). –Toshkent: O‘zR
FA ShI Qo‘lyozmalar fondi №7484.
6.
Xojamnazar Huvaydo (
اديﻮﻫ ﺮﻆﻨ ﻪﺠﻮﺨ
). Devoni
Huvaydo (
اديﻮﻫ يناﻭيد
) (qo‘lyozma). –Toshkent: O‘zR
FA Alisher Navoiy nomidagi Davlat adabiyot muzeyi
Qo‘lyozmalar fondi №32
2.
7.
Xojamnazar Huvaydo (
اديﻮﻫ ﺮﻆﻨ ﻪﺠﻮﺨ
). Rohati dil
(
ﻝد يتحاﺮ
) (qo‘lyozma). –Toshkent: O‘zR FA Alisher
Navoiy
nomidagi
Davlat
adabiyot
muzeyi
Qo‘lyozmalar fondi №755/II.
8.
Xojamnazar Huvaydo (
اديﻮﻫ ﺮﻆﻨ ﻪﺠﻮﺨ
). Rohati dil
(
ﻝد يتحاﺮ
) (qo‘lyozma). –
Toshkent
: O‘zR FA Alisher
Navoiy
nomidagi
Davlat
adabiyot
muzeyi
Qo‘lyozmalar fondi №337.
9.
Xojamnazar Huvaydo (
اديﻮﻫ ﺮﻆﻨ ﻪﺠﻮﺨ
). Rohati dil
(Parcha) (
ﻝد يتحاﺮ )ﻪچراپ(
) (qo‘lyozma). –
Toshkent:
O‘zR FA Alisher Navoiy nomidagi Davlat adabiyot
muzeyi Qo‘lyozmalar fondi №337.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
255
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
248-255
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
10.
Xojamnazar Huvaydo (
اديﻮﻫ ﺮﻆﻨ ﻪﺠﻮﺨ
). Rohati dil
(
ﻝد يتحاﺮ
) (toshbosma).
–Toshkent: O‘zR FA Alisher
Navoiy
nomidagi
Davlat
adabiyot
muzeyi
Qo‘lyozmalar fondi №552.
