Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
143
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
143-147
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article talks about the emergence of a number of social and economic problems in China, which began to develop
rapidly after transitioning to a market economy in the last quarter of the 20th century, and the policy of the Chinese
government to solve these problems.
KEYWORDS
Autonomies in China, Uighur autonomy, demographic problems, Mao Zedong, Han, birth control policy, Tibet.
INTRODUCTION
China is currently one of the most developed countries.
In this work, we will try to reveal his achievements and
problems in domestic politics.
The problem of autonomies in China and its solution
National politics in China has developed over centuries.
The approach of the Chinese government in this regard
is to promote economic development and lifestyle.
Ethnic autonomous regions have freedom in
education, science and culture. The government takes
the task of collecting national monuments, spiritual
wealth, contributing to the development of national
culture and protecting it. With the approval of the
State Council, if necessary, public security teams can be
established to protect public order. The Constitution
imposes on the state the provision of small national
financial, material and technical assistance in order to
accelerate economic and cultural development, as well
Research Article
CHINA: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Submission Date:
Sep 29, 2024,
Accepted Date:
Oct 04, 2024,
Published Date:
Oct 09, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume04Issue10-10
Ziyotov KHusan
Researcher, Samarkand state University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
144
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
143-147
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
as to help train employees, specialists and experienced
workers from local citizens.
Autonomies of China
Guanxi-Zhuang Autonomy
Autonomy of Inner Mongolia
Ninsya-Khuisky autonomy
Tibetan autonomy
Xinjiang-Uighur autonomy
In China, 750-800 million people live in rural areas.
Along with economic development, there are several
serious social problems. Arable land is taken from
villages for industry, commerce, road construction.
This increases the demand for land. Such changes
cause stratification of the rural population. Part of the
peasants cannot adapt to the new economic
conditions and are forced to accept unprofitable low-
paid work and look for work in cities. In China,
favorable conditions for capital and business have
been created by law. Moreover, today, representatives
of the wealthy class are becoming party members. This
is done to show that the capitalist is an integral part of
the Chinese people. The working population is
necessary to increase the competitiveness of
enterprises with the Chinese state. This is an intensive
process that consumes large amounts of money and
manpower. Increasing production efficiency has
created a surplus of labor. This created the problem of
unemployment. On the other hand, the agrarian
situation in the country is a big problem. The
government actively pursued a policy of urbanization.
But the low natural resources and educational
potential of the society hinders the reform. In today's
China, including abroad, a large amount of money is
spent on science, technology, education, and
development. China's development strategy is based
on financial, economic and state power. This allows
you to concentrate all resources to achieve the goal.
Demographic problems and their solution
A large population is one of the main problems of
China. The demographic policy used in China has an
impact on the entire Asian continent. Currently, the
PRC is home to 1 billion 425 million people, i.e. 22% of
the world's population.
Such a large population is facing problems in providing
food and employment to the population of the state.
Although it ranks second after the United States in
terms of GDP, the average income of the population is
600 dollars, and for farmers it is 200 dollars. Therefore,
despite high economic achievements, it is equal to the
income of developing countries.
Providing the population with the necessary things is
one of the main problems facing China. He invests the
most in domestic politics. On the one hand, the ruling
circles argue that the more Chinese there are, the
stronger the security of the PRC.
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
145
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
143-147
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The demographic problem began to show from 700
million to 900 million during the period of Mao Zedong
between 1964 and 1974. It was during this period that
the increase in the number of the population began to
rise to the state policy.
Article 49 of the Constitution of the People's Republic
of China describes the issues of marriage and family
planning.
It paid off. The growth rate of 34.11 in 1969 fell to 16.03,
in order to achieve this, there were 300 million
abortions. Nevertheless, the Chinese people grew. In
1999, it grew by 10.99 million more than the population
of Belarus. The number of newborns reached 19.09
million. This meant that the world's population
increased by one Chinese every half second.
Preventing population growth by artificial means
created another problem. The aging of the labor force
and the demand for labor force, as well as the aging of
the nation, have also occurred. There are 100 million
people over the age of 60 in China. If this situation
continues, by 2040 they will be 2-3 times more than the
20-year-old population. This can create a problem for
the state in terms of social payments and allowances.
Another demographic problem was birth control
among peasants. In addition, there are many migrants
who are looking for work in the city, their number is
more than 80 million. The number of uneducated
Chinese over the age of 15 is 180 million, i.e. 15.8% of the
total population.
By the end of the 1990s, the number of 65-year-olds in
China exceeded 80 million. Half of the pensioners in
Asia and 1/5 of the world's pensioners lived in China.
In the 90s, the number of people aged 80-85 was 8
million, and by 2000, their number reached 28 million.
Due to the migration of the population to the city, the
agricultural output of Shanghai in the 1990s will drop
from 16% to 6-7%.
It is with such economic, social and demographic
problems that it entered the 21st century.
The planned family program of the People's Republic
of China was one of the aspects that led to the change
of the country's youth structure. By 2002, PRC nursing
homes and orphanages began to receive not only
orphans, but also orphans. One generation was not
physically able to take care of their parents and their
parents. This, in turn, creates new social problems.
The new demographic policy is successfully
implemented in urban areas, but not so much in rural
areas. Nevertheless, in recent decades, a significant
decrease in birth, death and natural reproduction rates
has been achieved. In 2003, the birth rate was 12.96 per
thousand people, the death rate was 6.74, and the
natural population growth was 0.6%. For comparison:
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
146
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
143-147
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
in that year, the natural population growth in our
country was equal to 1.17%.
The Chinese, who call themselves Han, make up more
than 90 percent of the country's population. The rest
of the population is Chuan (1.4%), Hui (0.8%),
Manchurian (0.8%), Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur,
Kazakh, Korean (0.7%), etc. . In general, according to
official data, representatives of 56 minority
nationalities live in China.
China has been the number one country in terms of
population for many years. Since 1979, the birth control
policy has been implemented in this country.
Nowadays, the birth rate in China has fallen to the
average place in the world. Nevertheless, taking into
account the large population, even if one family has
only one child, the population of the country is
increasing by approximately 0.58% (8 million) per year.
The birth control policy created another problem. All
families want to have a son and achieve it in different
ways. Today in China there are 106.74 men for every
100 women.
In the wind season that closes from the west of China,
the undetectable substance, which is less than 2.5
micrometers in size, is 10 times smaller than Japanese
cedar dust, and it is more difficult to catch it even with
a simple mask. Respiratory diseases, asthma,
bronchitis, and lung cancer are common among the
local population. The effects of toxic gases emitted
from cars and furnaces where waste is burned are not
felt. If we calculate on a 6-point scale, there were times
when the pollution level of each cubic meter of space
in Beijing reached 500 micrograms. How RM-2.5 affects
human health remains a mystery.
The Japanese have already reached its base. First of all,
the intended goal was achieved due to the sharp
reduction of toxic gases emitted from motor vehicles.
Kunchikar is very worried about the negative impact of
the ecology of the neighboring PRC in the western
regions of the country. Therefore, according to the
RM-2.5 indicator, attention is being paid to ensure that
the pollution level of one cubic meter of space is up to
70 micrograms. At the meeting with the participation
of experts in the field of China and Japan, it was
discussed about the practical application of the
accumulated experience of the Japanese in this regard.
Every year, since January, almost half of China is
covered with acrid smoke. Such conditions were
observed in Beijing that the weather was clear only on
five days of the month. analyzing the situation,
everyone from Beijing to Hebei Province even uses the
humorous expression that "Man has become a vacuum
cleaner". After the experts of the Chinese Academy of
Social Sciences determined that smoke contains
carcinogenic oxide-nitrogen, which affects humans,
this issue was put on the agenda of the National
People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political
Consultative Conference. Some mass media compare a
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
147
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
143-147
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
visit to Beijing with stepping into a gas chamber.
People from the Asian Development Bank noted that
only one percent of the major cities in this country can
meet the requirements of the world standard in terms
of water purity. In the cities of Beijing, Shanghai,
Guangzhou and Xi'an, 8 and a half thousand people
died prematurely due to various diseases due to the
influence of dust.
CONCLUSION
Nowadays, the birth rate in China has fallen to the
average place in the world. Nevertheless, taking into
account the large population, even if one family has
only one child, the population of the country is
increasing by approximately 0.58% (8 million) per year.
The birth control policy created another problem. All
families want to have a son and achieve it in different
ways. Preventing population growth by artificial means
created another problem. The aging of the labor force
and the demand for labor force have also resulted in
the aging of the nation. This created a problem for the
state regarding social payments and benefits.
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