No. 08 (2025) Volume 05 Issue 08

Learning foreign languages has become more and more important for young people who want to study or work elsewhere in today's globalized society. This article examines useful speaking and listening tasks created for a group of English language learners at the intermediate (B1 level). The study emphasizes two linked tasks: a map-based activity to improve listening comprehension and a visual description task to improve speaking fluency. Learners are encouraged to increase their descriptive vocabulary, enhance their accuracy and fluency, and develop strategic listening skills through organized group projects and simulations of real-world situations. The findings show that both activities are pedagogically appropriate for the learners' level and considerably contribute to their productive skill development, as indicated by academic literature and CEFR recommendations.  

This article investigates the multifaceted challenges posed by migration processes to national unity and social stability within contemporary societies. Drawing on interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks from sociology, political science, and philosophy, it explores how migratory flows—accelerated by globalization—affect social cohesion, collective identity, and institutional resilience. The analysis highlights the tension between demographic diversity and the preservation of national solidarity, focusing on the dynamics of integration, cultural pluralism, and potential fragmentation. Through a critical review of empirical studies and conceptual models, the article elucidates the mechanisms through which migration influences social trust, political participation, and conflict emergence, offering insights into policy frameworks that could promote sustainable social stability while respecting cultural diversity.

This article extensively discusses the challenges of teaching English, especially the importance of using unconventional and creative methods of teaching language skills and modern pedagogical technologies in teaching a foreign language, as well as the importance of teaching reading skills.  

This article provides a detailed overview of the modal verbs used to express modality in rhetorical questions in the Chinese language.  

Cross-border migration represents one of the most complex and multifaceted phenomena of contemporary global society. This article examines migration processes through a social philosophical lens, analyzing the fundamental concepts, theoretical frameworks, and ethical dimensions that shape our understanding of human mobility across national boundaries. By exploring the intersection of individual agency, structural constraints, and moral obligations, this analysis reveals migration as both a deeply personal experience and a collective social transformation that challenges traditional notions of citizenship, belonging, and justice.  

This article explores the process of forming a patriotic spirit in the consciousness of young military servicemen, emphasizing its sociophilosophical, psychological, and pedagogical foundations. The study highlights the significance of patriotism as a key component of national identity and military morale, particularly among the youth engaged in active service. Through an analysis of historical precedents, educational practices, and contemporary reforms in military training, the article investigates how the internalization of patriotic values contributes to the development of civic responsibility, emotional resilience, and readiness to defend the homeland. Moreover, the research addresses challenges posed by globalization, information warfare, and ideological threats, underscoring the need for systematic approaches to patriotic education within military institutions. Based on both theoretical frameworks and empirical data, the study offers strategic recommendations for fostering a sustainable patriotic mindset among young soldiers in Uzbekistan’s armed forces.  

This article discusses the military discipline and personnel policy of the great commander Amir Temur, who left a distinct mark on world history, which played an important role in forming the most powerful army of his time and building a large centralized state. Meanwhile, from a historiographical point of view, scientific literature written by Uzbek historians during the years of independence on this topic has been studied, supplemented by sources and information from foreign researchers, and problematic aspects have been explained. The article also pays special attention to aspects related to the mobilization system in the Sahibkiran army.

Scientific research by Uzbek historians and orientalists emphasizes that the army of Amir Temur was dominated by the ideas of mutual respect between commanders and subordinates, the rule of law and tolerance in military units. According to scientific research that analyzed the information from the first sources, Sahibkiran managed to implement almost flawlessly the important components of military management, such as the staffing of military units and the selection of fighters, as well as the establishment of strict discipline in the army.

It should be noted that the article uses such well-known sources as the “Tuzuki Temuriy” (Temur's Statutes), “Zafarname” by Persian historians Ali Yazdi and Nizomiddin Shami, “Ajayib al-Makdur fi tarihi Taymur” by the Arab historian Ibn Arabshah, which cover in detail the history of the period of Sahibkiran and the Timurids, as well as research by modern Uzbek and Russian orientalists.  

This article explores the emergence and evolution of social consciousness and collective behavior paradigms within the digital information space shaped by artificial intelligence technologies. It examines how AI-driven platforms, algorithms, and data ecosystems are actively influencing societal perception, cognitive framing, and communal responses to information flows in contemporary networked societies. The study highlights the mechanisms through which artificial intelligence modulates virtual interactions, generates predictive behavioral models, and reshapes social norms through algorithmic personalization, recommendation systems, and automated feedback loops. By drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives from digital sociology, cognitive science, and philosophy of technology, the article seeks to analyze the ways in which human subjectivity, collective identity, and public discourse are being transformed under the influence of intelligent systems. Special attention is given to the risks of behavioral homogenization, echo chambers, and the algorithmic conditioning of public opinion in a hyperconnected digital culture. 

This study explores the dynamic nature of cultural identity within the Indian diaspora, challenging fixed or static notions of selfhood. Through an interdisciplinary approach combining diaspora studies, cultural theory, and ethnographic insights, it examines how individuals and communities negotiate, reconstruct, and evolve their identities amid transnational experiences, migration, and globalization. The paper highlights the interplay between heritage, memory, and contemporary social realities, arguing that cultural identity in the Indian diaspora is a fluid, ongoing process shaped by hybridity, adaptation, and resistance. This reconceptualization offers fresh perspectives on belonging, self-representation, and the politics of identity in multicultural contexts.