Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
I
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03
Pages:
30-37
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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(2023:
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164
)
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article deals with the actual problem of prevention of deviant behavior and delinquency among adolescents. To
solve it, it is proposed to use socio-psychological technologies in working with deviant adolescents. The definition of
deviant behavior and offense is given, their main forms and types are highlighted. Modern directions and types of
prevention of deviant behavior are noted: personal, family, social prevention. Theoretical approaches to the
prevention of socially dangerous, deviant behavior are highlighted. Various technologies for the prevention of deviant
behavior are listed and characterized. According to the author, socio-psychological technologies are effective, and the
prevention of deviant behavior of adolescents based on them implies the presence of several areas of socio-
psychological activity and the necessary actions of a psychologist specialist. New and specific are the socio-
psychological forms and technologies of preventive work related to the international experience and practice of
"restorative justice”. These are technologies of “mediation, circles of care, family and school conferences”.
KEYWORDS
Adolescents, deviant behavior, social norms, offenses, prevention, socio-psychological technologies, restorative
justice, mediation, conferences, circles of care, rehabilitation, adaptation, integration.
INTRODUCTION
In any society, there are people who refuse to follow
generally accepted social norms, rules of behavior and
communication. Their actions, deeds and behavior in
general are perceived as deviating from these norms
Research Article
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE PREVENTION OF
DEVIANT BEHAVIOR AND DELINQUENCY AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Submission Date:
March 14, 2023,
Accepted Date:
March 19, 2023,
Published Date:
March 24, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue03-08
A.Chimanov
Teacher Of Jizzakh State Pedagogical University Named After A. Qadiri, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
I
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03
Pages:
30-37
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
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(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
and violating them from the point of view of morality,
morality, ethics, law, as well as universal, national and
religious values.
Such behavior is usually called "deviant" (from Latin
deviatio - deviation) - deviating, contradictory,
violating norms generally accepted in a particular
society, ethnic community, social group, rules of
behavior and communication, etiquette, as well as
customs and traditions.
There are three main forms or groups of deviant
deviant behavior: 1) antisocial (delinquent), 2) asocial
(immoral), 3) self-destructive (self-destructive) [4].
“Antisocial (delinquent) behavior
- is behavior that is
contrary to legal norms, threatening the social order
and the well-being of people around. It includes any act
or omission prohibited by law. In childhood (up to 12
years of age), the most common forms are violence
towards younger children or peers, cruelty to animals,
theft, petty hooliganism, destruction of property, and
arson. Teenagers (12-14 years old) are dominated by
hooliganism, theft, robbery, vandalism, physical
violence, alcohol and drug use. Among young people
(15-17 years and older), delinquent behavior manifests
itself mainly in the form of offenses that entail criminal
or civil liability and appropriate punishment.
“Asocial behavior
- is behavior that deviates from the
implementation of moral norms, directly threatening
the well-being of interpersonal relationships. It can
manifest itself as aggressive behavior, sexual
deviations (promiscuity, prostitution, seduction,
voyeurism, exhibitionism, etc.), involvement in
gambling for money, vagrancy, and dependency.
Children and adolescents are more likely to run away
from home, vagrancy, school absenteeism, aggressive
behavior, slander, lies, theft, extortion, begging.
“Autodestructive (self
-destructive behavior) - is
behavior that deviates from medical and psychological
norms, threatening the integrity and development of
the personality itself. Self-destructive behavior in the
modern world appears in the following main forms:
suicidal behavior, food addiction, chemical addiction
(substance abuse), fanatical behavior (for example,
involvement in a destructive religious cult), autistic
behavior, victim behavior (victim behavior), activities
with a pronounced risk to life (extreme sports,
significant speeding when driving a car, etc.). The
specificity of self-destructive behavior (similar to the
previous forms) in adolescence is its mediation by
group values”
[4].
Separate types of deviant behavior are offenses and
crimes, which are defined (qualified) together with
sanctions in the current regulations of the state, in the
articles of the administrative and criminal codes.
“Offences are guilty unlawful acts (a
ctions or
inactions), for the commission of which administrative
or criminal liability is provided” [5]. Sanctions are
measures of state influence and punishment applied to
a person for committing an offense or crime.
Prevention plays an important role in identifying,
preventing and eliminating deviant behavior among
adolescents, especially offenses. In Uzbekistan, it is “a
system of legal, social, organizational measures
applied to preserve and strengthen the rule of law,
identify and suppress offenses, as well as identify and
eliminate the causes of offenses and the conditions
conducive to them” [5].
With regard to minor adolescents (persons under the
age of eighteen), the concept of prevention of neglect
and delinquency among minors is applied -
“a system
of social, legal, medical and other measures that are
aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes and
conditions that contribute to neglect, homelessness of
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VOLUME
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(2021:
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(2023:
7.
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
minors, the commission by them offenses or other
antisocial actions carried out in conjunction with
individual preventive work” [6].
In adolescence, deviant behavior is distinguished by a
number of features that depend on the family
upbringing of the teenager, relations with teachers in
the school community, and the position (status) of the
teenager among classmates. Deviant behavior in many
cases is explained by the negative influence of the
family (usually dysfunctional) and teenage "street"
companies, dependence on the concepts, attitudes,
attitudes adopted in these companies, as well as
motives that allow violations of moral and legal norms,
offenses and crimes. .
Deviant behavior in adolescents is closely related to
accentuations (pronounced traits) of character and
typical adolescent reactions.
Such reactions include, for example: “emancipati
on
reaction” (desire for independence of independence),
“refusal reaction” (to fulfill the requirements of
adults), “protest reaction” (against parents, school,
society), “grouping reaction” (with peers), "escape"
(from home), etc.
In most cases, deviant behavior is the result of negative
socialization, i.e., mistakes in raising a child and
inattention to his personal and individual psychological
characteristics. At the same time, the development of
deviant behavior and the intensity of its manifestations
depend on the attitude of the teenager and those
around him to various deviations (deviations). If others
tolerate or approve of deviant behavior, then the
teenager will seek to resort to such behavior as often
as possible. Untimely provision of assistance and
support to a teenager (social, psychological,
pedagogical, medical) can lead to social maladaptation
and involvement of a teenager in criminal activities.
The most common criminal forms of deviant behavior
of adolescents are hooliganism, participation in thefts
(of money, things, jewelry), extortion, as well as
alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution and suicide.
Each of these forms of deviant behavior is socially
dangerous , therefore, the preventive activity of social
institutions to prevent and eliminate them becomes
extremely important in any society.
Modern prevention of deviant behavior of adolescents
has different directions and types:
“Personal prevention
- preventive action is designed to
form certain personal qualities and values that prevent
the development of addictive behavior. Family
prevention is an impact on the micro-society (family
and peers), since the immediate environment
determines the value attitude of adolescents to their
health. Social prevention is an impact on public
consciousness, contributing to a change in social
stereotypes: the so-called "adult" or "male" behavior,
tolerant
attitude
towards
manufacturers
or
distributors of drugs" [4].
An essential aspect of preventive work in educational
institutions is the theoretical approaches within which
level-based prevention is implemented and various
preventive work technologies are applied.
According to Vorobyeva T.V., Yaltonskaya A.V. (2008),
there are several well-established approaches to the
prevention of socially dangerous, deviant behavior [3]:
1. An approach based on the dissemination of
information about the consequences of risky behavior,
based on the provision of information, in particular,
about drugs, their harm and negative consequences of
use.
2. An approach based on affective (emotional)
learning, which is based on the idea that socially
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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(2021:
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(2023:
7.
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
dangerous behavior is typical for adolescents and
young men who have difficulty in identifying and
expressing emotions, weak stress resistance and low
self-esteem.
3. An approach based on emphasizing the importance
of social factors, recognizing the importance of socially
oriented influence on the part of peers and family in
the prevention of socially dangerous behavior.
4. An approach based on the formation of social and
life skills, based on the concept of behavior change and
using methods of behavioral modification and therapy.
5. An alternative activity approach, which assumes that
meaningful activity, alternative to risky behavior,
contributes to the reduction of various forms of
addiction and the growth of positive activity.
6. A health promotion approach, that involves the
development of healthy lifestyle values and teaching
adolescents to consciously take care of themselves and
their health [3, pp. 11-12].
In recent years, an approach based on the
identification of risk factors and protection factors that
affect the risks of deviant behavior in minors has been
actively introduced. This approach is implemented on
the basis of the use of a unified methodology of socio-
psychological
testing
(SPT)
in
educational
organizations.
The
results
of
applying
the
methodology, in particular, a scale-based analysis of
factors at the level of the institution, make it possible
to determine the directions of psychological and
pedagogical support for students and parents,
preventive activities in working with a class, a group [7,
p.16].
According to Grishanova O.S. (2021), in practical work
with deviant adolescents and families, effective
technologies for the primary prevention of deviant
(socially dangerous) behavior are especially important,
which can include:
- game therapy - a technology for organizing leisure
activities for children and adolescents, involving them
in the rehabilitation process through role-playing,
mobile, psychological, modeling games, trainings;
- intensive school - a technology for organizing
educational activities carried out in the mode of
immersing adolescents in problems that are significant
to them;
- tourism and social animation - a technology for
combining traditional tourism with participation in
cultural, ethnic, sports and other events along the
route;
- social design - a technology for the development of
positive personality traits of adolescents through
proactive participation in socially significant projects in
the position of equal partners of adults, ensuring the
availability of information about ongoing projects for
minors, the assistance provided;
- discussion film club - a technology that involves the
organization of watching films, videos, affecting
problems that are typical for adolescents of the target
group;
- teenage volunteer detachment - a technology that
implies socially active activities of minors in areas that
are significant for them (helping, preventive, health-
saving practices, creative activities);
- school of legal education of children and youth - a
technology that implies increasing the level of legal
literacy of adolescents through the involvement of
professional lawyers in full-time or remote form of
training;
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6.
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)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
- parental school - the technology of interactive
psychological and pedagogical education of parents
who have problems in raising teenagers, based on
organizations of general and additional education,
social centers;
- rehabilitation through leisure activities - a technology
that involves pedagogical support for adolescents in
overcoming problems and developmental deficiencies
in the process of leisure extracurricular activities with
the involvement of resources at the place of their
education and residence (yard playgrounds, circle and
club activities, etc.);
- organization of employment of minors from the risk
group during the vacation period and in their free time
from
school
-
technology
for
introducing
schoolchildren to the most demanded professions,
with an algorithm for planning a professional future,
with diagnostic methods that help determine the
choice of a future profession;
- mediation services allow to resolve conflicts between
minors, teach teenagers to solve problems in legal
ways, find compromises in difficult situations, improve
the climate in educational institutions;
- mentoring - a technology of helping a teenager who
was in conflict with the law, in building a future life
perspective, helping in academic performance,
involving in the activities of youth public associations,
in classes in sports sections, circles of interest. Each
mentor, based on the characteristics of the personality
of a minor and relying on his life experience, chooses
for himself the most effective forms and methods of
educational work [4, p.9].
In our opinion, for preventive work to prevent deviant
behavior
of
adolescents
and
eliminate
its
consequences, the following are more effective: socio-
psychological technologies, “the object of which are
socio-psychological phenomena that affect the
behavior of people included in various social groups”
[9].
These technologies include:
- "socio-psychological diagnostics - a technology based
on methods for classifying and ranking people
according to socio-psychological and psycho-
physiological characteristics";
- "psychotechnology - diagnostic, corrective-
developing and psychotherapeutic procedures, the
object of which is the mental reality of a particular
person, and the subject and elimination are changes in
certain
deviations
in
communication,
human
behavior";
-
“technology of psychoprophylaxis
- a system of
psychological and pedagogical measures aimed at
creating an optimal social situation for the
development of the child, psychohygiene of the
pedagogical environment; these are preventive
measures related to the elimination of external causes,
factors and conditions that cause certain deficiencies
in the development of children”;
- "the technology of psychological counseling is a
purposeful procedure for creating psychological
conditions for an emotional response, clarifying the
meaning, rationalizing this problem and finding
options for solving it, conditioned by the client's
problem and situation";
-
“the technology of social and psychological
adaptation of children and adolescents is a purposeful
interconnected activity of all subjects of the
pedagogical process (parents, teachers, social
pedagogue, psychologist) and the child, which
contributes to the acquisition of social and ethical
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OCLC
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
knowledge and norms, the accumulation of positive
social
experience,
contributing
to
successful
socialization and individualization of the child in the
microsociety”;
-
“technology of psychological correction and
psychotherapy - a system of psychological and
psychotherapeutic means aimed at eliminating,
smoothing out shortcomings or their psychological
and pedagogical causes; the result of its application are
such changes in the child's psyche that positively affect
his condition, activities, communication and behavior
in general”;
-
“the technology of socio
-psychological rehabilitation
of children and adolescents is a systematic, purposeful
process of their return, inclusion, reintegration into
society (family, school, class, group of peers),
contributing to the full functioning as a social subject”
[9].
Prevention of deviant behavior of adolescents implies
the presence of several areas of socio-psychological
activity and the necessary actions of a specialist
(psychologist, teacher, social worker). Among the
main areas in which this activity is carried out are
diagnostics, work with families of adolescents and
work with adolescents to correct deviations in their
behavior.
Diagnosis of deviant behavior of a teenager is aimed at
identifying signs of deviant behavior and determining
their possible causes. Since deviant behavior is caused
by a wide range of reasons, diagnosis should include a
set of methods. With their help, a study of the
psychological characteristics of a teenager, in
particular, the accentuations of his character, is carried
out. The study of intra-family relations, the
characteristics of a teenager's communication with
peers and adults is being carried out. Diagnostic data is
processed, and on their basis a decision is made on the
choice of specific forms, methods of preventive work
[2].
When working with a family, attention is paid to
changing the parameters responsible for its cohesion
and harmony in family relations. These parameters
include the similarity of family values - a socio-
psychological quality that reflects the coincidence,
orientational unity of views, attitudes of parents and a
teenager to universal norms, rules, principles of
formation, development and functioning of a family as
a small social group. Its full characterization can be
compiled only on the basis of the manifestations of the
subjective relations of the individual in various
functions of the life of the family [1].
In order to prevent deviant behavior and delinquency
among juveniles, eliminate their causes and
consequences, specific socio-psychological forms and
technologies of preventive work related to
international experience and practice of "restorative
justice" can be used in Uzbekistan.
Restorative justice technologies are aimed at restoring
relations between the “victim” (victim) and the
“offender” (offender) who has committed an offense
qualified by one or another article of the administrative
or criminal code. The value of restorative justice lies in
the fact that the committed offense is considered not
so much from the point of view of its consequences
and the application of punitive sanctions to the person
who committed it, but more from the point of view of
their
reconciliation
and
socio-psychological
rehabilitation of everyone.
Other effective restorative justice technologies are
“victim
-
offender mediation”, “care circles”, “family
conferences” and “school conferences” [8].
Volume 03 Issue 03-2023
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SJIF
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(2021:
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(2023:
7.
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Mediation technology is a procedure of “reconciliation
between the “victim” (victim) and the “offender”
(offender), which is achieved on the basis of their
personal consent and voluntary participation in
meetings. This program can be used in a wide range of
situations: problems between parents and teenagers,
quarrels between neighbors, divorce of spouses and
persons in a civil marriage, problems and conflicts
among children at school.
The technology of "family conferences" is a procedure
for "discussing in the family the problem of a child or
his relationship with parents with the participation of a
leader (psychologist, teacher,social worker). This
technology helps in crisis situations, when, for
example, there is a protracted conflict in the family
between parents and a difficult child, but the
emotional ties between them are not completely
destroyed. They can understand each other and
reconcile. Parents and children express mutual
grievances and discuss them with the help of a leading
psychologist.”
The “circles of care” technology is a program that “is
applied when relations in the family are actually
destroyed or when they pose a threat to the life and
health of the child and the issue of removing him from
such a family is being decided. “Circles of care” include
relatives, family friends, neighbors, representatives of
the community (mahalla) in whose territory the given
family lives in solving a family problem; as well as an
employee of the local internal affairs div, the district
prevention inspector and the juvenile affairs inspector.
The implementation of this technology shows and
enables family members to realize the need for their
own destructive actions and the achievement of a
change in everyone's behavior.
The technology of "school conferences" is a procedure
for discussing in a school class deviant behavior and
problems of difficult students and teachers with them,
problems between the students themselves, with the
participation of a psychologist, a class teacher,
members of the parent committee, a juvenile inspector
assigned to a given school [8] .
The restoration technologies noted by us are aimed at;
removal of a minor from the criminal justice system,
development and application of measures of
educational
influence,
alternative
to
criminal
punishment and imprisonment; ensuring corrective
action on the offender with the involvement of public
organizations, in particular local communities of
citizens. Conflict resolution at the local community
(makhalla) level leads to successful social rehabilitation
and reintegration of offenders. The process of
reintegration carried out by the prevention authorities
is called "re-education" and it becomes a process that
is more focused on the child.
In our opinion, "recovery technologies" as new socio-
psychological approaches can be widely used in the
conditions of Uzbekistan, they will contribute to
successful social adaptation, socio-psychological
rehabilitation and integration of "difficult" teenagers -
offenders into society.
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SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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