Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
115
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
115-120
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Alexander the Great, who marched to Central Asia in the temptation to become the ruler of the world, is convincingly
depicted in the work that Alexander's dreams turned into a mirage due to the valiant struggle for freedom that the
Sugdians, Scythians, Masgates, Sakas and Daxians united against him. The writer has truthfully shown that war is an
unprecedented disaster for humanity, that neither its victims nor those who ignited its fire can win.
KEYWORDS
Maksud Kariyev, Iskandar, Spitamen, Aspat, Dariyad, image, battle, Sugdian, Greek.
INTRODUCTION
In Western and Eastern literature, there are many
works dedicated to Alexander the Great and
interpreted as a prototype. For example, in the
classical literature of the East, great authors such as
Amir Khisrav Dehlavi, Nizami Ganjavi, Abdurahman
Jami and Alisher Navoi used the image of Alexander in
the ideas of social justice and glorification of the ideal
hero. However, the historical reality shows that
Alexander the Great cannot be interpreted as not only
a just king, a just ruler, but also a person with a
generally positive character. Alexander's marches are
for the purpose of invasion and robbery, it can be seen
in Vasiliy Yan's novels "Kurgan Uzra Khanlar", Yavdat
Ilyasov's "Sugdiyona", Isfandiyar's short story
"Kasam", Mirkarim Asim's story "Spitamen and
Alexander", Muhammad Ali's "Spitamen" series. It is
explained in Among them, we can add "Murg uz-
Zahab" by the Arab historian Masudi, "History of
Research Article
THE INTERPRETATION OF THE IMAGE OF ALEXANDER OF MACEDON -
ISKANDAR IN THE NOVEL "SPITAMEN" BY MAKSUD KORIYEV
Submission Date:
December 06, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 11, 2023,
Published Date:
December 16, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue12-16
Mamurova Mushtari Makhammadjanovna
Fergana State University 2nd Year Foundation Doctoral Student, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
116
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
115-120
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Alexander the Great" by the Greek historians Quintus
Curtius Rufus, and "The Campaigns of Alexander" by
Arriye. In Maqsud Qariyev's novel "Spitamen" the
image of Alexander is vividly reflected in accordance
with historical reality. He is sometimes a fair judge (in
Habit and in his treatment of his slave), brave (in his
fight with the tiger), able to accept the truth (in his
treatment of Aspat's words), cruel (in his punishment
of Bess, in his treatment of Usrushonya and Krikhasta),
greedy for wealth It truthfully illuminates aspects such
as slyness (in relation to Namech), awareness of every
event in the palace (in relation to Clitus and
Lysimachus), weakness in front of any criticism of
oneself, inability to accept it (in relation to Darius and
Roma). For example, in the "Clash with the King of the
Forest" part of the play, Aspat, a Sugdian hunter,
accompanies Iskandar as a guide. According to
Iskandar's request, Aspat spoke about Spitamen's
bravery and bravery, not forgetting the good, not
forgiving the bad, and compared him to a tiger that
was hunted on that day.
Aspat justifies his opinion as follows: "There is a reason
why I look like a tiger. I have been walking in the forests
for several years and have studied the nature of
animals and birds well. Among all animals, there is no
animal as strong, intelligent, delicate nature as a tiger.
The reason I say this is that, even if the tiger is strong,
it does not hunt in vain, when it is necessary, when it
opens its stomach, it throws itself at animals. If he
encounters animals of equal strength, he tries not to
start a fight if possible. He will only fight if he attacks
him.
–
"What do you mean by delicate nature," said
Iskandar curiously.
–
The tiger looks after itself very much, it does
not infect any place, here it is
now take the tiger you hunted, clean even to the feet.
Then he likes to walk in the most beautiful places of the
forest, by the water's edge, feed on beautiful trees,
and listen to the chirping of migratory birds.
–
"Why did you make Spitamen look like a tiger?"
asked Iskandar again.
–
Because Spitamen is a strong, dexterous and
restrained guy. It does not
touch the untouchable, if you touch his anger, he will
not survive. That's why I said, he's a good-natured,
gentle nature, a good hunter, if you see him, he'll light
you up in just one conversation" [1,130-131].
It can be seen that the writer collected a lot of
materials to reflect aspects specific to Aspat and
Iskandar's character and worldview, and then placed
them on the pages of the novel through their speech,
which created the uniqueness of the interpretation of
these characters. The author embodies the images of
these two characters through their mutual
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
117
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
115-120
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
observations and internal dialogues. In the novel,
Aspat's situation is described as follows: "Aspat was
lying on felt like a child, talking to an ordinary hunter so
arrogantly, looking at the world-famous king like
Alexander the Great, shaking the world. "I talked to a
king like Alexander like that, who would believe that he
was curled up on a simple felt! The world wandered to
this place with the help of the sky, if Aspat hits the head
with his moon ax, then everything will turn into a mess,
and the world will be saved from a global invader. But
such a thought does not even occur to him now,
because he lives with the ideals of truth, there is no
malice in his heart, he is an ordinary child of the people
of Sugdiyana, and on top of that, he is a hunter, a devil
of nature. Hunters will never be evil or evil. They like to
eat halal. He does not shoot at a pheasant walking on
the ground, but shoots it with a bow after flying"
[1,130].
The writer describes Aspat from Alexander's point of
view: "Iskander was fed up with the fact that this
savage was talking without hesitation, even bragging
about his enemy and saying, 'There is no such hunter in
Sogdia.' But Iskander was calmed by the simplicity of
the young man, and the fact that he said what was in
his heart. Because the king knew that evil would never
come from such people. It was the same inside and on
the face of the horse. The fact that some people have
become accustomed to speaking in front of the king,
concealing the bad and exaggerating the good in front
of the king, does not bring out the king's demon"
[1,129].
Alexander, who only likes the right words and does not
punish those who tell lies, cannot tolerate Dariad's
truthful words about him. The question and answer
between Dariyad and Iskandar is very close to the
conversation between Khusrav and Farhad in Alisher
Navoi's epic "Farhad and Shirin". There is no doubt that
the writer was influenced by Navoi's work in this place.
When Dariad was brought to Iskandar, he said, "The
intellectuals put their heads to the sword of the
executioners, the slanderers, the slanderers, the dirty
copycats, the skinny people with the wind in their
brains ate food on golden plates. The glamours were
honored, many intellectuals and wise men were
hanged... In Istahr, a book written in gold and blood on
the skin of twelve thousand calves was burned. With
him, if you know, intelligence and faith burned. Twelve
million lines of elegant words, poetic verses, burned to
ashes! May history forgive this, great king!" [1,123].
These words of Darius made Alexander angry and
ordered him to be expelled from the city, saying that
he would not let him see him again.
Dariyad in the play is a person who spreads the wisdom
of "Avesta". Darius, who testifies to the vitality of the
people's genius, first informs Spitamen that the
invaders are invading the country. Then, appearing
from time to time during the events of the novel, after
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
118
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
115-120
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the tragic death of Spitamen, he speaks painful words
on his grave and sings his old song. Dariyad urges the
people
to
protect
the
Motherland,
mutual
cooperation, kindness and creativity.
The horror of the invasion of Alexander's troops is
described in the part of the novel "Dombiras don't
stop...". Alexander imposed a tax on the inhabitants of
the occupied areas, giving one horse and thirty bales of
hay to each family. They take people to the fields and
force them to collect hay under the supervision of the
guards. Then a Greek soldier named Roma starts
whipping the pregnant daughter-in-law of a woman
from Usrushona with a whip saying that she is not
doing well. The bride is pregnant and starts to cry from
the whipping. Then a strong woman from Usrushona
fights with Roma, defending her bride, and finally stabs
Roma in the stomach with a sickle. As a result, a fight
broke out between the Greek soldiers and the local
population, and thirty soldiers were killed. Under the
leadership of Kamak, the entire population fled to the
mountains and fought valiantly against Alexander's
soldiers. Alexander's troops found the inhabitants
hiding in the mountains: the elderly, children and
women from the caves and threw them from the
mountain with the help of getairs. At this point, the
writer quotes the following information from the work
of the Greek historian Arrion, "The Campaigns of
Alexander": "Thus, the extremely difficult and tragic
battle in Usrushon left an indelible mark on the history
of Sogdiya, in this battle there were many
mountaineers. although he gave a victim, but for the
first
time,
Alexander's
army
suffered
an
unprecedented blow. Yes, there was no end to the
victims... They were big and small, old and young,
twenty thousand warm souls... " [1,143].
So, in the novel, the writer Aleksandr Makedonskiy - in
creating the image of Alexander, mainly refers to the
pages of history. The development of non-repeating
and diverse events creates his character and image,
which is clearly expressed in the process of struggles
between characters.
REFERENCES
1.
Kariyev M. Spitamen (historical novel). -
Tashkent: Gafur Ghulam Publishing House of
Literature and Art, 1985. - 272 pages.
2.
Parandovsky Ya. Word chemistry. - Tashkent:
New age generation, 2022. - 464 pages.
3.
Avesta. Historical and literary monument. -
Tashkent: Publishing house named after Gafur
Ghulam, 2015. - 700 pages.
4.
The truth of Ibrahim Haqqul. - Tashkent:
"Book" LLC, 2023. - 296 pages.
5.
Ziyoyev H., Ishakov M. Ancient history pages.//
Qoriyev M. Spitamen. - B.267-268.
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119
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
115-120
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
6.
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Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
120
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
115-120
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Reforms and Development.
–
2022.
–
Т. 5. –
С.
10-12.
