No. 06 (2023) Volume 03 Issue 06

This article discusses the importance of the principles of the Japanese communicative act, analyzes the relatively rigid communicative framework in Japanese that is established by forms of politeness.

This article presents a study on code-crossing in Indonesian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classroom interaction, specifically focusing on language mixing and switching patterns. The study aims to explore the types of code-crossing observed, investigate the reasons for code-crossing, and examine its effects on classroom dynamics and language learning outcomes. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing classroom observations and audio recordings of interactions among Indonesian EFL learners and their teachers. The analysis identifies common types of code-crossing, such as intersentential code-switching, intrasentential code-switching, and code-mixing. The findings highlight the languages involved and the linguistic features triggering code-crossing. Additionally, the study discusses the reasons for code-crossing, including lexical gaps, social functions, cultural expressions, and identity negotiation. The effects of code-crossing on classroom dynamics, participation, and language learning outcomes are also explored. The study contributes to the understanding of code-crossing in the Indonesian EFL classroom and provides insights for classroom management and pedagogical approaches.

This article explores the theme of infidelity in the novel "Ajo Obi" using a reader response approach. The study examines the diverse interpretations and responses of readers to the theme of infidelity in the narrative. Through surveys and interviews, readers' perspectives on the portrayal of infidelity in the novel are analyzed. The findings reveal varying interpretations and emotional reactions, shedding light on the complex nature of infidelity as depicted in "Ajo Obi." This reader response approach provides valuable insights into the readers' engagement with the theme and enriches the understanding of infidelity within the context of the novel.

This article is devoted to the analysis of written papers in French which are a distinct nationally specific genre. The article describes the main features of the different types of written papers which are actively used by methodologists and professors in schools and universities to test students’

knowledge. Written types of papers are especially challenging for learners because they imply not only good knowledge of vocabulary and grammatical structures of the studied language but also the knowledge of structural and stylistic features of the papers themselves which usually differ from their analogues in native language. The article points out that the effectiveness of teaching writing in French depends as much on the linguistic background of the learners as on the number of tasks and exercises needed to build, practice, and monitor learners’ writing skills. Speaking about written work done in French, an important factor for sustained interest in further learning of  French is adequate reasoned assessment of assignments. The article provides the assessment criteria for different types of written papers that are taught in contemporary universities.

The paper is devoted to the intriguing realm of paradox in prose, investigating its role as a powerful and captivating literary device. Paradox, characterized by the simultaneous existence of contradictory elements, challenges readers' conventional understanding and invites deeper contemplation. Through a comprehensive examination of renowned literary works and critical analysis, various functions and effects of paradox in prose will be outlined. How paradox can be employed at different narrative levels, such as character development, plot construction, and thematic exploration is a truly intriguing issue. By examining key examples from classic and contemporary literature, including authors such as Fyodor Dostoevsky, Franz Kafka, Shakespeare, Herman Melville etc.  the article demonstrates how paradox enriches storytelling by creating tension, ambiguity, and cognitive dissonance.

This study examines the analysis of concrete blocks with partial replacement of cement using fly ash. Fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, is known for its pozzolanic properties and has been widely used as a cement replacement material in concrete production. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of fly ash as a partial replacement for cement in the production of concrete blocks. The properties of the concrete blocks, such as compressive strength, density, and durability, are assessed through experimental testing. The findings of this study provide insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing fly ash in concrete block production, contributing to sustainable and environmentally friendly construction practices.

This article explores the occurrence of English verb predicates within the functional-semantic field. It aims to analyze how verb predicates are used in different contexts and how their meanings and functions vary based on their syntactic and semantic properties. The study utilizes a corpus-based approach to investigate the distribution and patterns of verb predicates across various domains. The findings reveal the diverse roles and functions of verb predicates in different contexts, shedding light on their importance in understanding the English language.

The article is devoted to the study of the correlation of extraordinary stylistic figures in Russian and English: oxymoron and catachresis. In modern linguistics, the communicative function of language and speech has become a very important problem. Because of this, stylistic methods and figures are increasingly popular among modern linguists. Many different works are devoted to oxymoron and catachresis, which indicates the interest of researchers in these phenomena. Oxymoron is referred to different stylistic categories as paradox, irony and catachresis. Some researchers also believe that oxymoron is one of the varieties of paradox.

A great number of researchers think that catachresis and oxymoron are very similar in terms of structure and semantics. Indeed, some even attribute the oxymoron to catachresis. Although the former is based on a combination of contrasting words, the latter is based on a combination of words of distant concepts. The article will attempt to find similar and distinctive features of the two figures of speech.

This article discusses the essence and significance of the cluster method in the development of the country's economy. The importance of the cluster in the economy of a developed country is described, the types and features of the cluster are presented, and the main goals and results expected from the introduction and development of innovative clusters in the regions.

This article focuses on demonstrating how theory can be brought into practice with the help of language tasks and activities. Theoretical value of the project work presents the core idea of using technology in teaching reading and writing, which is explored in the context of the author. The practical value is illustrated in the samples of lesson plans and analysis of the given tasks.

This article outlines the importance of teaching vocabulary; vocabulary is a vital part of language teaching, the techniques of teaching vocabulary in the classroom and components of vocabulary instruction.

This article provides information about the competencies of the teacher, the diagnosis of student learning, individual and collective teacher training, the main criteria for studying a group of students, and the organizational activities of the teacher. It also focuses on the main criteria for studying a student group, diagnostics of a teacher's activity, teacher's activity, teacher's activity system, and basic teacher skills.

This article focuses on the importance of informational resources of Internet into the educational process. It also outlines application of information technologies - the creation of optimal conditions for the individualization of students' educational activities, the orientation of students towards self-education, an increase in the share of independence and the degree of participation of each student in the educational process, the development of cognitive interest.

In this article, the synonyms used in the novel by the well-known writer Salomat Vafo "Ovora's korgan-kechirganli" and their stylistic possibilities in the text of the artistic work are highlighted.

English as a foreign language is something interest to learn even though it is not easy to learn. In learning English many teachers were try some media, method, strategy, and technique. The aim of this research is to describe how the use of imitation technique is effective in learning English. In this research the researcher used imitation technique in learning English to improve students’ pronunciation and listening skill.

In modern society life is changing due to vast using innovative technology in all human domains, especially in higher education system. Learning FL is a long, complex process, requires learners to work hard on acquisition linguistic skills (writing, reading, speaking and listening). In such case we have to use information technology in order to better motivate learners learning languages with more interest comparing to traditional methods of teaching. Consequently, in reading comprehension adult learners mostly rely and spend much time on machine translation (GT) to perform tasks such as translating authentic texts on specialty from German into Uzbek which enable them quick accomplishing in that area of learning.

Language classes are today equipped with latest technology which can help learners to improve their linguistic skills by involving them studying German language. Multimedia is very essential to present data for the learners to watch and learn language through video applications.  Video application can increase adult students’ awareness to the linguistic knowledge. Besides, it can enhance their professional knowledge in visuals. This paper highlights some features concerning multimedia applications and its use in language classes of German.

The lessоn is the mаin fоrm оf оrgаnizing the pedаgоgicаl prоcess, in which the teаcher cоnstаntly guides the students in their individuаl leаrning, pаir wоrk, cоllective leаrning аnd оther аctivities, tаking intо аccоunt the chаrаcteristics оf eаch оf them. The types оf wоrk, tооls аnd methоds thаt creаte fаvоrаble cоnditiоns fоr the thоrоugh mаstering оf the fundаmentаls оf the subject studied by аll students directly in the educаtiоnаl prоcess, аs well аs fоr the educаtiоn аnd develоpment оf students' intellectuаl аbilities аnd spirituаl strength аre used. The technоlоgy оf develоping criticаl thinking fоr quаlity оrgаnizаtiоn оf this prоcess helps tо оrgаnize lessоns creаtively аnd interestingly, while being suppоrted by а lаrge teаm оf teаchers аs а prоcess thаt meets individuаl requirements in mоdern times. The аrticles mаkes new lessоn mаteriаl interesting, leаrn withоut fоrcing teаching, mоst impоrtаntly, mаkes recоmmendаtiоns thаt criticаl thinking beyоnd bоundаries is necessаry fоr the successful develоpment оf bоth the leаrner аnd the teаcher in the leаrning prоcess. Аfter аll, thinking is а prоcess оf cоgnitive аctivity оf а persоn, which is inextricаbly linked with speech аimed аt purpоseful, generаlized аnd mediаted reflectiоn оf the surrоunding reаlity, finding аnd discоvering new things.

This article is dedicated to the word and the concept it expresses. The word arises simultaneously with the concept, it is it that creates the possibility of abstraction and generalization that characterizes the concept in comparison with the representation. The word fixes in our minds a generalized idea of   reality. The relation between the word and the signified consists, therefore, in the fact that, by naming the facts of objective reality, the word also reflects them, but not directly, but through the concept fixed in the meaning of the word.

This study examines the theme of power and resistance in Howard Brenton's play, Magnificence. Set in the context of socialism's disappointment, the play delves into the complexities of political ideologies and their impact on individuals and society. Through an analysis of the characters, plot, and underlying social dynamics, this study explores the disillusionment experienced by the characters as their hopes for a better world are shattered. It delves into the dynamics of power, the struggles of resistance, and the consequences of failed utopian ideals. By delving into the nuances of Magnificence, this study aims to provide insights into the broader themes of power, resistance, and the human experience within political and social contexts.

This article explores non-verbal expressions of sympathy and condolences in English. It highlights the significance of facial expressions, touch, body language, and posture in conveying empathy. The study emphasizes the importance of being attuned to non-verbal cues when offering support, considering cultural variations and individual preferences. By understanding the power of non-verbal communication in times of grief, individuals can enhance their ability to provide meaningful support and comfort.

The article considers using authentic literary texts in teaching a foreign language.  Also, the main benefits of using literary texts are analyzed, and different approaches to organize this process are described.

Technology's substantial advancement has improved teachers' ability to instruct students. Technology needs to be used in the classroom by teachers. The goal of this study is to describe internet technology's role in helping B1 level students develop their writing skills, including its advantages and disadvantages. To gather information, semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation are used. According to research, teachers helped pupils improve their writing skills by using technology. Students' participation in the learning process is a strength of using internet technology. In the meanwhile, the application's flaws become its error system and automatic grammar correction. In general, technology can be used to help students become more motivated and creative during the teaching-learning process, especially when it comes to improving their writing abilities.

While it may be the modern reader’s habit to skip or skim the epigraphs, their use in George Eliot’s novels generated a substantial amount of notice. By the time, Eliot published Daniel Deronda, her epigraphs had grown substantially in number and length, and most readers found them tiresome. Critics cited the novel’s first epigraph, which relates to the arbitrary nature of all beginnings, as a prime example of Eliot’s sententiousness. Formally, epigraphs illuminate the difficulty of deciding where a narrative actually begins. They raise questions about the extent to which beginnings establish the parameters of what will follow, and whether endings determine how we understand beginnings. This article contests the assertion that Eliot’s epigraphs are inordinately long, or long-winded, Eliot’s use of maxims, quoted as epigraphs, and her mimesis of them, in order to demonstrate the moral implications of the form.

This study compares the use of abbreviations in English and Karakalpak languages. Abbreviations are essential for efficient communication and are commonly used in technical and professional settings. English is a widely spoken language, while Karakalpak is a Turkic language spoken in Karakalpakstan. This study examines the similarities and differences between these languages, including their linguistic features and cultural backgrounds. The study compares the frequency, structure, and meaning of abbreviations in both languages and discusses the implications for language learners and professionals. Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding of cross-cultural communication and the importance of understanding language variation