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THE POLITICAL NATURE OF PERIPHRASIS IN ENGLISH
Akmuradova Ozoda Qurbon qizi
1
st
year of master ‘s student
Department of English literature at the Asian International University
ozoda1682@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15504383
Annotation:
This thesis explores the role of periphrasis in English political discourse,
focusing on how indirect language functions as a strategic rhetorical device. Periphrasis, often
viewed as a stylistic element, is shown to serve deeper ideological purposes, such as softening
controversial statements, avoiding accountability, and shaping public perception. The study
examines how political figures use vague, euphemistic, or passive constructions to influence
meaning, obscure agency, and maintain authority. It also considers the sociolinguistic and
psychological implications of such language use, particularly its impact on transparency and
public trust. The thesis emphasizes that periphrasis is not only a linguistic choice but also a
reflection of power dynamics in political communication.
Keywords:
periphrasis, political discourse, euphemism, indirect language, rhetorical
strategy, accountability, ideological framing, power in language, political communication.
Periphrasis, the use of indirect and circumlocutory expressions in place of direct
language, is a powerful linguistic tool in political communication. In English political discourse,
it serves not just a stylistic function but a strategic one, allowing speakers to manage
perception, avoid responsibility, and influence interpretation. Rather than simply stating facts
or decisions, politicians often employ periphrasis to frame their messages in a more acceptable,
diplomatic, or ambiguous light [1].
Periphrasis, or circumlocution, can be politically charged in English by softening harsh
truths, masking political agendas, or achieving a desired level of formality or ambiguity. It's a
stylistic choice with various rhetorical effects that can be used to manipulate or obscure
meaning.
This use of language is deeply tied to power and ideology. Politicians frequently rely on
euphemisms, passive constructions, and vague terminology to soften the impact of
controversial policies or actions. For instance, terms like “collateral damage” replace the harsh
reality of civilian casualties, while phrases like “adjusting economic priorities” mask the
consequences of austerity measures. Such expressions are not accidental but serve the purpose
of managing public reaction and preserving political image.
Periphrasis also enables evasion of responsibility. By avoiding clear agents in a
sentence—such as saying “mistakes were made” instead of “we made mistakes”—political
figures can distance themselves from negative outcomes. This linguistic strategy blurs
accountability and allows the speaker to maintain authority while minimizing potential
backlash. Furthermore, periphrastic language creates room for reinterpretation. Vague phrases
such as “we are exploring multiple options” give the appearance of action without committing
to specifics, making political speech more flexible and less vulnerable to criticism.
In the context of international diplomacy and state communication, periphrasis is often
used to maintain neutrality and avoid escalation. It allows governments to comment on
sensitive issues without direct confrontation. In media reports and official statements,
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bureaucratic jargon and inflated terminology can obscure the real meaning, making it harder
for the public to critically evaluate political decisions[3].
The ideological dimension of periphrasis lies in its ability to shape how reality is
perceived. Through subtle shifts in language, political actors can redefine events, reframe
conflicts, and realign public values. It is a method of constructing consent and controlling
discourse without overt manipulation. While it may enhance politeness or professionalism in
some contexts, excessive or deliberate periphrasis risks alienating the public and eroding trust
in leadership.
In conclusion, periphrasis in English political discourse is far more than a grammatical
phenomenon. It is a calculated rhetorical device that reflects and reinforces power dynamics.
Understanding its use and recognizing its effects are crucial for anyone seeking to analyze
political language critically. As language remains central to shaping public consciousness, the
study of periphrasis reveals how deeply political intentions are embedded in everyday speech.
References:
Используемая литература:
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:
1.
Евгений александрович эйсфельд, (2016) Функционирование эвфемизмов в
политическом дискурсе.
2.
А.И.Синина, (2010) Эвфемистическая перифраза в современной англоязычной
публицистике.
3.
Baxriddinovna K. A., Mahtob A. PERIPHRASES USED IN THE POLITICAL FIELD
//Integration Conference on Integration of Pragmalinguistics, Functional Translation Studies
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4.
Kobilova, A. (2022). Lingua-cultural aspects of medical periphrases of English language.
ЦЕНТР НАУЧНЫХ ПУБЛИКАЦИЙ (buxdu. uz), 9(9).
5.
Kobilova, A. B. (1898). Different types of tests used in language teaching. Міжнародний
науковий журнал Інтернаука, (1 (1)), 134-135.
6.
Bakhriddinovna, K. A. (2020). Features of the use of the periphrases of the Uzbek and
English languages in journalistic texts. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation,
24(7), 8162-8168.
7.
Bakhriddinovna, K. A. (2022). Semantic and lingua-cultural features of English and Uzbek
medical periphrases. International Journal on Integrated Education, 5(6), 162-167.
