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MPC C12 M 1/04
BIOREACTOR FOR GROWTH OF GREEN ALGAE
1
Khalikov A.M.,
2
Bozorov E. O.
1
Scientific Research Institute of Fishery,
2
"Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and
Agricultural Mechanization Engineers" National Research University
Abstract:
The article presents information on an optimized variant of growing
unicellular green algae and intensifying photosynthetic radiation, namely, the
transmission of a moving mechanism using belt drives, in the field of fish farming and
animal husbandry
.
Key words:
algology, kelp, algae, biotechnology, container, bioreactor,
suspension, microorganism, mini-electric motor.
Introduction.
Algae are a group of organisms of various origins united by the
following features: photoautotrophic nutrition, absence of true tissues (with the exception
of highly organized brown algae, but even in them the tissues are few in number and
poorly differentiated [1]) and vegetative organs, organs of sexual (gametangia) and
asexual (sporangia) reproduction, unicellular, habitat in an aquatic environment or in
humid conditions (in soil, damp places, etc.). The div of algae is called a thallus, or
thallus. Algae are an ecological group of predominantly heterogeneous photoautotrophic
unicellular, colonial or multicellular organisms that usually live in an aquatic
environment, systematically representing a set of many divisions.
Algae are a group of organisms of various origins united by the following features:
photoautotrophic nutrition, absence of true tissues (with the exception of highly organized
brown algae, but even in them the tissues are few in number and poorly differentiated [2])
and vegetative organs, organs of sexual (gametangia) and asexual (sporangia)
reproduction, unicellular, habitat in an aquatic environment or in humid conditions (in
soil, damp places, etc.). The div of algae is called a thallus, or thallus [4].
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The reason why algae do not have distinct tissues is related to the peculiarities of
the aquatic habitat - life in water implies relatively stable conditions for most of the cells
that form the div of the organism. They are all illuminated almost equally; the water
surrounding the plant provides all its parts with the same set of substances dissolved in it.
In addition, water provides a temperature regime similar for all cells. As a result, algae
cells do not have any special differences between themselves, and equal conditions for all
do not stimulate the differentiation of cells into specialized ones [8].
Some algae are capable of heterotrophy, both osmotrophic (by cell surface), such
as flagellates, and holozoic - by swallowing food particles through the cell mouth
(euglenophytes, dinoflagellates). The size of algae varies from fractions of a micrometer
(coccolithophores and some diatoms) to 30-50 m (brown algae - Laminaria, Macrocystis,
Sargassum) [5]. The thallus can be either unicellular or multicellular, and is characterized
by enormous morphological diversity.
In the artificial environment of a photobioreactor, specific conditions are carefully
controlled for the respective species. Thus, the photobioreactor provides much higher
growth rates and purity levels than anywhere in nature or in habitats similar to nature [2].
Hypothetically, phototropic biomass could be produced from nutrient-rich wastewater and
carbon dioxide flue gas in a photobioreactor.
Algae can be cultured in open ponds (such as runoff ponds and lakes) and
photobioreactors. Runoff ponds can be less expensive.
Materials and methods.
The importance of algal culture in physiological and
biochemical studies, as well as the fact that algae are among the most efficient converters
of solar energy into useful form, have led to increased interest in algal culture methods.
Algal culture methods can be divided into two categories: the first is applied in laboratory
conditions and controlled environments, and the second is applied in open-air conditions
for large-scale biomass production [7].
Algae include a varying number (depending on classification) of eukaryotic
divisions, many of which are not related by common origin. Blue-green algae, which are
prokaryotes, are also often classified as algae.
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Algae are the main producers of organic matter in the aquatic environment.
According to estimates by various scientists, the contribution of algae to the total
production of organic carbon on our planet is 26-90% [3]. Algae directly or indirectly
serve as a source of food for all aquatic animals. They are used as food by protozoa (for
example, ciliates, amoebas), oligochaetes, crustaceans, mollusks, dragonfly larvae and
other invertebrates, as well as fish [8].
Among multicellular algae, along with large, complexly dissected representatives,
often visually very similar to higher plants with structures that outwardly resemble stems,
leaves and even fruits, there are microscopic forms (for example, the sporophyte of
Laminariaceae). Among unicellular algae, there are colonial forms, when individual cells
are closely connected to each other (connected through plasmodesmata or immersed in
common mucus) [11].
Microalgae are valuable ecological and biotechnological resources. Particular
attention is paid to the use of economically important algal products, including
aquaculture feed, biomass production for the health sector, green manures, pigments,
vitamins, antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.[10] The contribution of microalgae to
environmental research is also appreciated; for example, they play an important role as
indicator organisms in environmental impact assessment. Similarly, special collection
strains of microalgae are used for ecotoxicity testing.
Microalgae are microscopic freshwater or marine organisms that play a key role in
nature as a food source for higher animals (zooplankton, fish), for the transport of nutrients
in aquatic food webs, and for the balance exchange of CO2 between the ocean and the
atmosphere.[12] Microalgae are microscopic freshwater or marine organisms. They are a
very diverse group, ranging in size from a few hundredths of a millimeter to a few tenths
of a millimeter, taking many different forms, and existing singly, in chains, or in groups.
The most commonly used microalgae culture system for research and industrial
purposes include track pond, round pond tank, shallow large pond and closed pond. Some
examples of open pond culture systems are lakes and ponds for natural reservoirs, round
ponds and race ponds for artificial reservoirs.
There are several methods of growing algae: using rocks and stones on the seabed
as a substrate; on artificially created reefs; on artificial substrate in the water column; on
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soft soil of lagoons, ponds and other closed water bodies; in special artificial pools, tanks,
various containers with controlled conditions.
The proposed bioreactor is to increase the coefficient of light absorption by
photosynthetic microorganisms and significantly increase the productivity of the
bioreactor. The photobioreactor can be used to cultivate unicellular algae, such as
zoospores, chlorella, etc.
The purpose of the proposed bioreactor is to increase the coefficient of light
absorption by photosynthetic microorganisms and to significantly increase the
productivity of the bioreactor.
A bioreactor unit for photosynthesis of green algae is installed in the frame and the
bed.
The main div is a cubic glass container, the outer surface of which is 5 mm thick,
and the opposite side is covered with foil. On one of its sides there is a sodium lamp, and
there is also a branch pipe through a screw adapter for placing a biological solution. A
temperature sensor is installed for constant temperature control.
An open cylindrical glass (thickness b = 5 mm) for growing chlorella (bioreactor)
is carried out by rotating it on a tank stand. The rotation of the bioreactor is carried out
using a small pulley, which is transmitted by a mini-electric motor and transmitted via a
belt conveyor. The selection of the diameter of the large and small pulleys, the speed
(number) of revolutions is regulated by a belt drive. In this case, the movement of the
large pulley depends on the rotation of the glass container at low speed.
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The principle of operation of the green
algae bioreactor is as follows:
The biological solution is poured into a
cylindrical glass container (thickness b = 5
mm) through a tube. The biological solution
contains components necessary for the
development of microorganisms, for example
(g / l): NH
4
Cl - 0.5; Mg SO
4
* 7 H
2
O - 0.02;
K H
2
PO
4
- 0.72; Cu SO
4
* 5 H
2
O - 0.0016
others, which have a pH value of the
environment.
Fig.1. Bioreactor for green algae
growth. 1-Floor; 2-stand; 3-chlorella drain
tap; 4-reservoir stand; 5-frame; 6-main div;
7-glass container; 8-foil; 9-pipe; 10-screw
adapter; 11-temperature sensor; 12-sodium lamp; 13,15-pulley; 14-belt; 16-mini electric
motor
Then a suspension of chlorella is introduced and the suspension is saturated with a
gas mixture containing up to 2% carbon dioxide, supplied from a cylinder through a tap.
At the same time, the sodium lamp with the supply voltage is switched on.
It is located spirally and provides illumination of the biomaterial in the container. The
temperature of the reaction medium is controlled by a thermometer, which should not
exceed 28.5...30 °C.
In the initial period, the mini-motor is controlled by the small pulley, and the
movement is transmitted to the large pulley through the belt drive, while the connection
of the belt drive and the technological power of the mini-motor ensure the slow rotation
of the bowl axis.
The optical density of the suspension is determined depending on the maximum
value of about 40-50 million cells and provides a control signal for automatic pouring of
the finished biomass through the drive pipe. By changing the above speed, number of
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revolutions, temperature and light flux, it is possible to provide the necessary optimal
mode at the stages of chlorella growth (1 day, 2 days...8 days).
Conclusions.
The proposed bioreactor is to increase the coefficient of light
absorption by photosynthetic microorganisms and significantly increase the productivity
of the bioreactor. By rotating the vessel spindle in this way, the reaction mixture begins
to mix for a certain time. At the same time, the process of chlorella growth begins, which
increases by 2-4 times.
The temperature of chlorella in the tank is controlled by changing the number,
power and voltage of the bulbs depending on the power of the bulbs. With the help of the
lamps, the flow of light supplied to chlorella is regulated, and the optimal process of
photosynthesis is ensured.
References
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