The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
230
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
230-239
10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue06-24
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
18 April 2025
ACCEPTED
24 May 2025
PUBLISHED
30 June 2025
VOLUME
Vol.07 Issue 06 2025
CITATION
Afia Agyemang-Beniako, Sabastian Samuel Kwesi, Nicholas Kojo Njada, &
Claudia Andoh Mensah. (2025). Effects of Occupational Accidents on the
Job Performance of Construction Firm Workers. The American Journal of
Engineering and Technology, 7(06), 230
–
239.
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue06-24
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Effects of Occupational
Accidents on the Job
Performance of
Construction Firm
Workers.
Afia Agyemang-Beniako
Technical Operations Department, Food and Drug Authority,
Kumasi Ghana.
Sabastian Samuel Kwesi
Department of Public Health Education, University of Education
Winneba, Winneba Ghana.
Nicholas Kojo Njada
Department of Public Health Education, University of Education
Winneba, Winneba Ghana.
Claudia Andoh Mensah
Technical Operations Department, Ghana Standards Authority,
Kumasi Ghana
Abstract:
Study background
: Incidents of accidents at
construction sites are higher in developing countries
than in developed countries. The construction industry
comprises several people with different backgrounds
and different tasks performed by them. This study
examined the effect of the occupational accidents on job
performance of a construction firm.
Materials and methods
: Structured questionnaires
enclosing questions on demographic characteristics,
general knowledge of safety and legalities, accident
occurrence, safety management systems were
administered to 110 workers of the construction firm.
Computed data were subjected to some statistical
analyses such as Chi-square and Pearson's Correlation
Coefficient (r) and visualised in tables, graph and scatter
plot.
Results:
The results of the study revealed that males
dominated with 84.5 % while females were estimatedly
15 %. Majority (40%) possessed secondary school
qualification whereas 6 % had no formal education. It
was revealed that, a higher knowledge of safety
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
231
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet
legalities whereas low records of accidents were
recorded among the construction workers of the firm
indicating a good safety management system. The result
established a weak negative correlation (r=
-0.164
)
between accident and job performance (labor
productivity) and a statistically not significant
association between the accident occurrence and
absenteeism as (
χ2 = 0.4291
, p > 0.512
) and a significant
association between nature of accident and
absenteeism (
χ2 =6.7360
, p < 0.009
).
Conclusion and recommendation: The study concludes
that a good safety management system and a positive
employee attitude would reduce absenteeism, and
occupational accidents and further increase labor
productivity as demonstrated in the conceptual
framework.
Keywords:
Job performance, accident, health and
safety, occupation.
1.
Background Of the Study
One critical challenge, across the entire globe in the
various sectors of the economy includes accidents.
Occupational accidents, also known as work accidents
include a sudden incident happening at work premises
or as a result of uncertain external factors resulting in
fatalities or injuries whilst executing a task. Similarly, an
unanticipated and unplanned event that causes a
certain damage or injury to an individual is termed
accident (Gulhan, Ilhan and Civil, 2012).
It is worth understanding work conditions by examining
the work area to locate and define hazards posed by
machines, as emphasized by Hudson (2010). In some
high risk category of jobs, safety inspections are
designed by management with the advice of a health
and safety officer (HSO) to examine, identify potential
hazards alongside ensure enhance productivity and
reduce probable accidents and injuiries by work tools.
The construction arena was the focus of this study since
it holds a relatively large workforce, continuously offer
services in pretty high demand and encompasses both
literate and non-literates working together, thus
presents a dynamic environment worth investigating.
Incidents of accidents at the construction sites are more
higher in developing countries than in developed
countries (Idoro, 2008). Vis
–
a-vis, safety at construction
sited remain one of the poorest of all when compared
with other manufacturing industries like the furniture
and fixtures and fashion industries among others.
(Mohamed, 2011). The construction industry comprises
several people with different backgrounds assigned to
varying tasks but working simultaneously. These
workers are gathered at the site at different periods of a
construction process making the construction industry
more complex; hence presents some manner of
difficulty while controlling resoures and human
behaviour. Due to the different backgrounds and tasks
carried out by the workers as compared to factories and
industries, accidents are inevitable. It is well noted that
the frequent changes in tasks carried out by workers in
the construction industry, makes construction industry
mainly dynamic (Okoye
et al.
, 2016).
An accident is said to be spontaneous and unanticipated
and disrupts the normal routine of one's duties
(Arachchige and Ranasinghe, 2015). For accidents to be
mitigated in the construction industry, it means that
proper safety measures must be put in place by
management or supervisors. For safety to exist in the
construction industry, leading members must show high
commitment to the safety of workers (Granson, 2014).
Recent times, OHS educators are of sincere view for
safety to be observed and made a culture instead of as
being management decision or strategy. The World
Health Organization (1995) states that, while
Occupational Health and Safety is not properly
observed, it drastically has a toll on the work output of
the worker and this may in turn affect the economic
turnout by significant proportions and subsequently will
affect a nation's Gross National Product. Research by
Takala (2002) estimates that occupational deaths,
diseases and illnesses constitute roughly a 4% loss of the
Gross Domestic Product globally.
Construction workers face conditions that pose severe
danger to them. OHS legislation in Ghana is not
comprehensive and the reported accidents at
construction sites are alarming due to poor regulations
by industries (Puplampu and Quartey, 2012). Although
some construction companies have safety policies in
place, they are not effectively implemented to zero
accidents and ill health conditions[Referene]. Our study
sought to unveil
construction workers’ knowledge and
undersanding of occupational health and associated
safety practices in a low resource setting, Ghana.
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
232
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet
Some previous studies [list references] have established
the lack of understanding in construction site
management on safety and health and the non-
existence of site occupational and safety models are
attributable factors of high accident rates in
construction firms (Alhajeri, 2014). Kwesi (2024) argues
that poor occupational health and safety practices
increase the risk of incidence of accidents at the
workplace and ultimately affect job performance
therefore institutions make improved provisions for
issues of health and safety. A step to widening effort on
the above requires some pretty assessment on the
effect of these accidents on job/employee performance.
Responses from our study may fill knowledge gaps on
OSH in Ghana therefore, this study sought to assess the
effects of occupational injuries and accidents on job
performance in a low-resource setting.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
The research was carried out using a descriptive cross-
sectional study design to examine the impact of
occupational accidents on job performance in a
construction firm. The study was conducted at Annason
Company Limited, a road and building construction in
Kufimasi, Ghana. The study population consisted of 150
employees, including both administrative and field staff.
A simple random sampling technique was used to select
a sample size of 110 employees, calculated using the
Yamane formula with a 5% margin of error. Anticipating
a 10% non-response rate, the final sample size was
adjusted to 122 employees. Primary data was collected
using questionnaires while secondary data was obtained
from company
’s
documents. The questionnaire included
a section to capture accident occurrences and examine
the type and nature of accidents experienced by
workers. A reliability test was run to evaluate level of
consistence by respondent to management systems.
Quantitative data was analyzed using STATA software.
Correlation analysis statistical operation applied to
evaluate the relationship between occupational
accidents and job performance. Data and analysed
results were visualized usimg tables, matrix and scatter
plots.
3. RESULTS
3.1
Demographic characteristics of respondents
Table 1 shows demographic characterisitics of
respondents from the study. It reveals the number of
respondents age, gender, highest qualification and work
experiences. Out of the 110, 93 interviewees
representing 84.5% were males whereas 17 persons
representing 15.5% were females as shown in table 1.
Majority of the respondents for the study were within
the age range of 20-29 years whereas the least age
group respondent were those within 50 years and
above. The rest of the respondents within the ages of
30-39 and 40-49 years were 18.2% and 17.5%
respectively. The study recorded a higher number (44)
of respondents with a middle form/JHS level of
education (as the highest qualification) representing
40.0%. It was preceded by SHS/Ordinary level/Advanced
level and Primary education representing 28 (25.5 %)
and 25 (22.7 %) respectively. However, 6 persons (5.5%)
of the respondents had tertiary education as their
highest qualification (table 1). In regards to marital
status, 66 persons (60%) reported married whereas 44
(40%) affirmed being single,. Majority of respondents
involved in the survey has a temporary working status
representing 86 (78.2%) whilst 24 (21.8) respondents
are permanent workers. Majority of respondents has
worked with the company from within 1-4years
representing 88 (80%) whereas 1 person has work less
than 12 months with the company. The rest of the
respondents had work for 5 years and above
representing 21(19.1%) (Table 1).
Table 1: Demographic characteristics of respondents
Frequency
(N=110)
Percentage (%)
Sex
Male
Female
93
17
84.5
15.5
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
233
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet
Age
20-29years
30-39years
40-49years
50years and above
61
20
19
10
55.5
18.2
17.3
9.1
Educational Level
Non Formal
Primary
JHS/Middle form
SHS/O'Level/A'level
Tertiary
7
25
44
28
6
6.4
22.7
40.0
25.5
5.5
Marital Status
Married
Single
66
44
60.0
40.0
Status of Work
Permanent
Temporal
24
86
21.8
78.2
Working Years
1-4years
5years and above
Less than 12months
88
21
1
80
19.1
0.1
3.2 Accident Occurrence Survey
Table 2 presents occurrnces of accidents and causal
agent.
Majority of the respondents reported hadn’t
had
an accident whilst executing a task 66 (60%) whereas
44(40%) had experience an accident in their line of duty.
The major kind of accident identified in the study was
cut/bruise 24(55%), falling objects 8(18%), slips (16%)
and Fall 3 (7%). 2 (4%) persons did not indicate which
kind of accident experienced. Almost all recoded
accidents were minor injuries 36(82%) whereas 3(7%)
persons had major injuries and more than half 30(68%)
of the respondents reported that the accident did not
affect their attendance (Table 2)
Table 2: Accident Occurrence in the construction firm
Have you ever had an accident
whilst executing a task?
Yes
No
Frequencies
Percentages
44
66
40
60
What kind of accident was it?
Cut/Bruise
Fall
Falling object
Slip
Non- response
3
8
7
2
7
18
16
4
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
234
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet
What was the nature of accident
experienced?
Minor
Majority
Non-response
36
3
5
82
7
11
Did the accident affect your
attendance to work?
Yes
NO
Non-response
13
30
1
30
68
2
3.3 Knowledge on Health and Safety Practices
Figure 1 presents respondents knowledge in health ans
safety practices. Majority of respondent 87 (79.1%) had
knowledge on practices of safety. Almost all 109 (99.1%)
of the respondents admitted
to
the frequent visitations
by the regulatory labour inspectors and fully aware of
the company’s policies
on safety and information on
safety signs. Knowledge on health hazards and the use
of personal protective equipment are known by all
respondents 110 (100%) (Figure 1.)
Fig. 1. Respondents Knowledge on Health and Safety Practices
Fig. 1. Source; Primary data collected by researcher.
3.4 Safety Management Systems
Table 3 presents a summary of respondents assessment
of safety management systems. The majority of
respondents 103 (94%) agreed that the organization
possesses a good monitoring, inspection and evaluation
scheme whereas 55 (50%) strongly agreed that there are
active and efficient safety reps. 59 (54%) respondents
agreed that suggestions about safety are acted upon by
management whilst few persons 6
(5%) weren’t sure
about the outcome of their suggestions. A reliability test
was run on responses where the Cronbach alpha is 0.763
which is close to 1 and indicates high level of
consistence
.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Do you know
working in a safe
environment is a
requirement
governed by a
constitution in
Ghana?
Does labor
inspectors visit
workplace in
accordance with
the labor Act to
examine activities
on site?
Are you aware of
the regulations and
policies regarding
workers safety in
the firm?
Do you know the
possible health
hazards at the
construction firm?
Do you have
knowledge on
safety signs and
their purpose at
the construction
site?
Do you have
knowledge on the
use of Personal
Protective
equipment?
Yes
No
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
235
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet
Table 3: Respondents assessment of safety management systems
Item
Strongly Agree
n (%)
Agree
n (%)
Neutral
n (%)
Disagree
n (%)
Average
score
Good monitoring,
inspection and
evaluation scheme
5(4%)
103(94)
2(2)
_
2.0
Daily monitoring and
inspection
49(44)
60(55)
1(1)
_
1.6
Organization policies
and guidelines on
workers safety
36(32.7)
74(67.3)
_
_
1.7
Active and effective
health and safety
committee and rep
55(50)
54(49.1)
1(0.9)
_
1.5
Suggestions about
safety acted upon by
management
45(41)
59(54)
6(5)
_
1.6
Systems are in place
to identify, prevent
and deal with hazards
49(44)
60(55)
1(1)
_
1.5
Cronbach Alpha = 0.763
3.5 Effect of Occupation Accident on Job Performance
Figure 2 shows a scatter plot of accidents and labour
productivity. It illustrates accidents recorded from 2006
to 2018. 2011 was observed as the year that recorded
the highest number of accidents (87) whiles 2009
recorded the least (10), as shown in figure 2. Labor
productivity of workers in the same duration was
obtained from the safety manager as a secondary data
for the study. The Pearson correlation (r) was used to
estimate the impact of accident on labor productivity
with a scatter diagram adopted to reveal the
relationship between the two variables. The Pearson
coefficient (r) shows a negative correlation (r = -0.164)
between accident and labor productivity.
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
236
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet
Fig. 2: Accident records from 2006 to 2020 and labor productivity.
Source: safety manager
’s record
4. DISCUSSION
This section discusses the implications of the data
collected, what they suggest, infers to similar studies or
existing literature that aligns with the observation or
otherwise and the potential policy implications in the
local setting. The study reinforces the long-standing
concerns about the gender imbalance within the
construction
industry,
with
men
significantly
outnumbering women (84.5% and 15.2% respectively)
(Table 1) (Widaningsih,l et al., 2018). This aligns with
Kakad (2002) who argued that gender stereotyping and
the division of labor remain entrenched issues. Despite
growing female participation globally, construction
continues to be perceived as physically demanding and
male-dominated,
thereby
discouraging
broader
inclusion. The demographic analysis also challenges
international trends regarding youth participation in
construction. Contrary to concerns raised by the United
States Employment and Training Administration (ETA)
about youth lacking the skills for construction, the
Ghanaian context showed high engagement among
younger age groups (20
–
29 years), suggesting that
younger workers in Ghana may be more prepared or
more willing to enter the construction workforce.
Education levels were also encouraging, with only a
small fraction (6.4%) lacking formal education. This
suggests that the workforce is well-positioned to
understand and adhere to health and safety guidelines,
supporting the assertion by Gyekye and Salminen (2009)
that education significantly influences safety behavior
and compliance. Temporary employment was dominant
(Table 1) among the respondents, which corroborates
with Forde et al. (2008) who noted that temporary labor
in construction is often used to meet short-term
demands. This reality has been acknowledged by the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),
which launched the Temporary Worker Initiative in
2013. Despite job instability, most workers had stayed
with the firm between 1
–
4 years, possibly reflecting a
preference for continuity or limited labor mobility. The
construction sector is inherently hazardous, a fact
supported by numerous studies (Fung et al., 2009,
Widaningsih,l et al., 2018). In this study, however, 60%
of respondents reported not having experienced a work-
related accident, which may indicate the effectiveness
of company-specific safety measures and accident
investigations (Hinze & Wilson, 2000). The majority of
recorded incidents were minor, involving bruises or cuts.
These findings are consistent with trends observed in
Singapore where falls, slips, and being caught between
objects are common causes of workplace injuries (Al-
Humaidi & Tan, 2010; Dumrak et al., 2013). Interestingly,
although injury is typically associated with absenteeism
in the literature (Bhosale & Biswas, 2015), this study did
not find a significant relationship between accidents and
worker absenteeism overall. However, when the nature
of the injury (minor vs. major) was considered, a
statistically significant relationship with absenteeism
emerged (χ² = 6.736, p < 0.009), supporting Jorgensen’s
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
Labor productivity
number of accidwnt reported
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
237
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet
(2013) conclusion that injury severity, rather than
occurrence alone, is more predictive of absenteeism.
Respondents demonstrated a high level of knowledge
regarding occupational health legalities (79.1%) and
safety protocols such as hazard identification, personal
protective equipments (PPEs) usage, and site signage.
These results relates with the work of Bust et al. (2014)
and Sunindijo and Zou (2014), who emphasize that
knowledge and training are critical for improving health
and safety outcomes. Furthermore, this high level of
awareness could be attributed to the relatively high
literacy levels among workers, echoing findings by Pulisa
and Mogotlane (2018) that literacy is a determinant of
occupational legislation knowledge. Safety management
systems were also perceived positively by the
respondents. Most agreed (figure 1) that the firm had
robust systems for monitoring, evaluation and hazard
prevention. However, Gallagher et al. (2003) cautions
that safety management systems do not always yield
consistent results, a view that invites further study of
context-specific implementation. Respondents also
exhibited a generally positive safety attitude. Most
understood the importance of reporting hazards and
adhering to safety rules, with 54.1% affirming that they
would not compromise their safety for productivity. This
aligns with the assertions of Neal and Griffin (2004) and
Smith and Wadsworth (2009), who posit that a positive
safety attitude significantly enhances workplace safety
performance. The findings are further supported by
Runmado (2000), who suggests that organizations with
strong safety cultures tend to achieve higher
productivity and fewer accidents.
Finally, the relationship between accidents and job
performance was explored through Pearson correlation
analysis, which revealed a weak and statistically
insignificant correlation (r = -0.164, p > 0.05) This
contradicts general expectations but is consistent with
Dwomoh, Owusu, and Addo (2013), who argued that
factors such as worker fitness and resilience may
mediate performance more than accident history.
5. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
Our study investigated the effects of occupational health
on job accidents in a construction firm using [a
structured] questionnaire to 110 workers in a low
resource setting. From the data collected, analyzed and
discussed, the study reveals that while traditional
challenges such as gender disparity and job
temporariness persist in the Ghanaian construction
industry, there is strong evidence of improving safety
knowledge, awareness, and positive attitudes among
workers. Although the direct impact of accidents on
productivity appears minimal, the nature of injuries
does influence absenteeism. This underscores the
importance of continuous safety education, strong
regulatory oversight, and employee engagement to
sustain improvements in occupational health and safety
performance. There is however the need for safety
management systems to be implemented at the work
place. Further studies should be carried out, considering
several variables affecting job performance as well as
the influence on the occupational health and safety
practices.
Declarations:
Consent to participate
All authors have read and has given their consent to
participate
Data availability
All data and materials used for this study are included in
the submitted manuscript and are available from the
corresponding author upon request.
Ethical clearance
Ethical approval was obtained from the Committee on
Human
Research
Publication
and
Ethics
(CHRPE/AP/542/19) at the College of Health, KNUST.
Participation of the study was voluntary and all
participants gave consent.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests
Funding
No funding was received for this work.
Clinical trial
Not Applicable
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
238
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet
Authors contributions
A.A.B. Conceptualisation, Manuscript drafting, Data
analysis, S.S.K. Data analysis, writing of manuscript,
C.A.M. Data analysis, Editing.
Acknowledgement
Not applicable.
REFERENCES
1.
Adebola, J. O. (2014) 'Knowledge , Attitude and
Compliance with Occupational Health and Safety
Practices among Pipeline Products and Marketing
Company ( PPMC ) Staff in Lagos', 2(8), pp. 158
–
173.
2.
Akyuz, E. and Celik, M. (2014) 'Utilisation of
cognitive map in modelling human error in marine
accident analysis and prevention',
SAFETY SCIENCE
.
Elsevier
Ltd,
70,
pp.
19
–
28.
doi:
10.1016/j.ssci.2014.05.004.
3.
Alhajeri, M. H. (2014) 'Health and safety in the
construction industry : challenges and solutions in
the UAE'.
4.
Arachchige, A. W. and Ranasinghe, M. (2015) 'STUDY
ON
THE
IMPACT
OF
ACCIDENTS
ON
CONSTRUCTION'.
5.
Arunkumar, K. and Gunasekaran, J. M. E. (2018)
'Causes and Effects of Accidents on Construction
Site', 8(6), pp. 18102
–
18110.
6.
Bhosale, C. D. and Biswas, A. P. (2015) 'Absenteeism
in Construction Industry : Causes , Correlation and
Remedies',
International Journal of Advanced
Engineering Research and Technology
, 3(6), pp.
215
–
218.
7.
Bowen, P., Cattell, K., Distiller, G. and Edwards, P.J.
(2008), Job satisfaction of South African quantity
surveyors: an empirical study. Construction
Management and Economics, 26, pp. 765-780.
8.
Cooney, J. P. and Cooney, J. P. (2016) 'THE SCHOOL
OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Health and Safety in
the
Construction
Industry :
A
Review
of
Procurement, Monitoring , Cost Effectiveness and
Strategy.
9.
Dumrak, J.
et al.
(2013) 'Factors associated with the
severity of construction accidents: The case of South
Australia',
Australasian Journal of Construction
Economics and Building
, 13(4), pp. 32
–
49. doi:
10.5130/ajceb.v13i4.3620.
10.
Dwomoh, G., Owusu, E. E. and Addo, M. (2013)
'Impact of occupational health and safety policies on
employees ' performance in the Ghana ' s timber
industry : Evidence from Lumber and Logs Limited',
1(12), pp. 1
–
14.
11.
Forde, C., MacKenzie, R. and Robinson, A. (2008)
'Help wanted? Employers' use of temporary
agencies in the UK construction industry',
Employee
Relations
,
30(6),
pp.
679
–
698.
doi:
10.1108/01425450810910055.
12.
Goodman, P. S. and Atkin, R. S. (1984) 'Effects of
Absenteeism on Individuals and Organizations',
Absenteeism
, pp. 276
–
321.
13.
Granson A.G (2014) 'assessing the effectiveness of
health and safety practices at Anglogold Ashanti
Company Limited,Obuasi mine'.
14.
Gulhan, B., Ilhan, M. N. and Civil, E. F. (2012)
'Original Article Occupational accidents and
affecting factors of metal industry in a factory in
Ankara, 10(July 2011).
15.
Gyekye, S. A. and Salminen, S. (2009) 'Educational
status and organizational safety climate: Does
educational
attainment
influence
workers'
perceptions of workplace safety?,
Safety Science
,
47(1), pp. 20
–
28. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2007.12.007.
16.
Hanna, A.S., Chang, C.-K., Lackney, J.A. and Sullivan,
K.T. (2007) Impact of overmanning on mechanical
and sheet metal labor productivity. Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management
17.
Hinze, J. & Wilson, G. 2000, 'Moving towards a zero
injury
objective'
,
Journal
of
Construction
Engineering and Management
,
126
(5), 399-03
18.
Hopkins, B. (2014), "Explaining variations in absence
rates: temporary and agency workers in the food
manufacturing
sector",
Human
Resource
Management Journal, Vol. 24
19.
Hsu, Y.L., Li, W.C., Chen, K.W., 2010. Structuring
critical success factors of airline safety management
system using hybrid model.
20.
Idoro, G. I. (2008) 'Health and safety management
efforts as correlates of performance in the Nigerian
construction industry',
Journal of Civil Engineering
and Management
, 14(4), pp. 277
–
285. doi:
10.3846/1392-3730.2008.14.27.
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
239
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet
21.
International Labour Organization (2015) 'Global
Trends on Occupational Accidents and Diseases',
World Day for Safety and Health At Work
, (April), pp.
1
–
7.
Available
at:
http://www.ilo.org/legacy/english/osh/en/story_c
ontent/external_files/fs_st_1-ILO_5_en.pdf.
22.
Ismail, Z., Doostdar, S. and Harun, Z. (2012) 'Factors
influencing the implementation of a safety
management system for construction sites',
Safety
Science
. Elsevier Ltd, 50(3), pp. 418
–
423. doi:
10.1016/j.ssci.2011.10.001.
23.
Kwesi, S. S., Dartey E., Kuffour R. A., Osei-Bonsu R.,
Beniako A. A. (2024). Occupational Health and
Safety Practices among Small-Scale Mining Worker
in Ghana. European Journal of Science, Innovation
and Technology, 4(2), 26-39.
24.
Liao, C.
et al.
(2014) 'Work values, work attitude and
job performance of green energy industry
employees
in
Taiwan',
(August).
doi:
10.5897/AJBM11.1449.
25.
Lim, A. (2012). OHS management system: Three
benefits
for
construction
enterprise.
http://www.artipot.com/
article-tags/ohs-
management system.
26.
Meswani HR.Safety and occupational Health:
challenges
and
opportunities
in
emerging
economies. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2008;3-9
27.
Mohammad I. F. Ghasemi, O. Kalatpour, and A.
Moghimbeigi,
Applied Ergonomics,
vol. 58, pp. 35-
47, 2017/01/01/ (2017).
28.
Nosheen N, Vikram M (2002). Knowledge, attitude
and practices of healthcare workers regarding
needle stick.
29.
Okoye, P.
et al.
(2016) 'Building Construction
Workers' Health and Safety Knowledge and
Compliance on Site Survey of housing conditions
and improvement strategies in Okpoko peri-urban
settlement of View project',
Journal of Safety
Engineering
,
2016(1),
pp.
17
–
26.
doi:
10.5923/j.safety.20160501.03.
30.
Puplampu, B. B. and Quartey, H. S. (2012) 'Key Issues
on Occupational Health and Safety Practices in
Ghana : A Review', 3(19), pp. 151–
156.
31.
P. Bust, A. Finneran, R. Hartley and A. Gibb, "Health
and safety knowledge in complex networked
organisations: Training the chain," Proc. CIB W099
Achieving Sustainable Construction Health and
Safety, Lund, Sweden, pp.50-61, 2-3 June, 2014.
32.
Pidgeon, N. F. (2011). Safety attitude and risk
management in organizations.
Journal of Cross-
cultural Psychology
1991; 22: 129
–
140.
33.
Pollitt, D. (2011). Corus forges new approach to
safety and health.
Human resource management
international digest
. Vol.19 No.l pp.7-9.
34.
Proceedings of the International Construction
Research Conference of the Royal Institute of
Chartered Surveyors (COBRA), Leeds Metropolitan
University Leeds, 2004.
35.
R.Y. Sunindijo and P.X.W. Zou, "An integrated
framework for strategic safety management in
construction and engineering," Proc. CIB W099
Achieving Sustainable Construction Health and
Safety, Lund, Sweden, pp.63-742-3 June, 2014.
36.
Shikdar, A. A., & Sawaqed, N. M. (2003). Worker
productivity, and occupational health and safety
issues in selected industries.
Computers & Industrial
Engineering
,
45
,
563-572.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-8352(03)00074-3
37.
Strutt, J.E., Sharp, J.V., Terry, E., Miles, R., 2006.
Capability
maturity
models
for
offshore
organisational management. Environ. Int.
38.
Takala J (2011). Introductory Report: Decent and
Safe Work. Offshore industry warned over not good
enough
safety
statistics.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/statistics/hsr1011
.pdf
39.
W. C. Wang, J. J. Liu, and S. C. Chou, "Simulation-
based safety evaluation model integrated with
network schedule," May 2006.
40.
Widaningsih, L., Susanti, I. and Chandra, T. (2018)
'The Attitude of Construction Workers toward the
Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (
OHS )'. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/306/1/012075.
41.
Zhou, Q., Fang, D., and Wang, X. (2008). "A method
to identify strategies for the improvement of human
safety behavior by considering safety climate and
personal experience." Safety Science, 46, 1406-
1419.
