The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical
Engineering
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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
6-11
10.37547/tajabe/Volume07Issue01-02
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
26 October 2024
ACCEPTED
29 December 2024
PUBLISHED
30 January 2025
VOLUME
Vol.07 Issue01 2025
CITATION
Gulomov Rustam, & Mutalibxonova Munisxon. (2025). Monocotyledonous
and urban adventive species distributed in the graveyard flora of
Namangan city (Uzbekistan). The American Journal of Agriculture and
Biomedical Engineering, 7(01), 6
–
11.
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/Volume07Issue01-02
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Monocotyledonous and
urban adventive species
distributed in the
graveyard flora of
Namangan city
(Uzbekistan)
Gulomov Rustam
Namangan davlat universiteti, PhD, Uzbekistan
Mutalibxonova Munisxon
Namangan davlat universiteti, 2-kurs magistranti, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
This article presents the results of a study
aimed at studying the flora of cemeteries located in the
territory of the city of Namangan in 2023-2024. The
research was carried out on the “Khurmatkhan
-
aya”
cemetery of the city of Namangan. The taxonomic
composition of monocotyledonous plants in the region,
consisting of 27 species from 5 families and 20 genus,
was determined. In addition, a list of adventitious
species distributed in the city flora was formed, and
according to the results of the preliminary study, 20
species of alien plants were recorded.
Keywords:
Fergana valley, urbanoflora, adventiv,
monocotyledonous, flora.
Introduction:
Urbanized areas in the world occupy only
5% of the total land area, and are home to about 3
billion people. This is due to the increasing scale of
urbanization, which is leading to a great deal of
attention being paid to the study of urban vegetation
cover.
The study of urban flora is one of the priority areas of
modern floristics and phytogeography, and its scientific
importance is steadily increasing due to the
intensification of anthropogenic pressure both in time
and space. Urban plant cover communities are in
different ways related to human influence and
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The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering
therefore are different for each structural unit of the
city (Umedov and Esanov, 2024). The distribution of
types of habitats in cities is an important condition for
nature conservation and urban planning (Gulomov et
al., 2024).
Although research has recently been conducted on the
urban flora of Andijan region, research is ongoing in
the other two regions of the Fergana Valley.
(Sidikjanov, 2024)
Today, it is urgent to implement the following
measures in order to preserve the composition of
urban urban flora. In particular;
–
Compiling a list of the species composition of flora
existing in cities;
–
Continuous monitoring of plant species with the
participation of local residents;
–
Creating green infrastructure;
–
Creating ecological corridors both within and around
cities;
–
Planning the proper management of forest and
meadow vegetation to maintain the functionality of the
habitat throughout the seasons.
Today, the city of Namangan (Uzbekistan) occupies a
leading position in terms of demographic growth. In
particular, the population is 2931.5 thousand people
(2021), with an average population density of 266
people per 1 km² (Figure 1). Today, the largest natural
areas preserved in the city of Namangan are the
cemeteries within the city (Mangulik, Khurmatkhan-
aya). Most of the existing hills and hills in the northern
regions of the city have been completely developed for
industrial zones, residential areas, logistics and other
purposes. This leads to the introduction of alien
(adventitious)
species
that
are
adapted
to
environmental conditions into the city flora (Gulomov,
and Mutalibxonova, 2024).
Figure 1. Demographic indicators in the Namangan region.
The purpose of the study is to 1) conduct a taxonomic
analysis of monocotyledonous plants distributed in the
“Khurmatkhan
-
aya” cemetery in Namangan; 2)
compile a list of adventive monocotyledons distributed
in the urban flora and provide suggestions and
recommendations for the study of urban flora.
METHODS
In order to study the monocotyledonous plants of the
urban flora of Namangan city, targeted field studies
were conducted throughout the territory of Namangan
city from March to August 2023
–
2024 (Figure 2). These
field studies were carried out using the methods
developed by A.V. Scherbakov, S.R. Mayorov (2006). The
list of adventitious (alien) species identified in the
study area was checked from the list of international
databases such as the Global Biodiversity Information
Facility (GBIF) https://www.gbif.org/), Invasive Species
Compendium (CABI) https://www.cabi.org/isc/) and
formed on the basis of the existing list.
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Figure 2.
Study area
RESULTS
In Uzbekistan, special attention has been paid to
cemeteries since ancient times. Often, hilly areas were
chosen for cemeteries, surrounded by walls or fences.
Mausoleums were built for famous people. Today,
there are several large and small cemeteries in the city
of Namangan, which were founded in different years.
These include many natural areas such as
Khurmatkhan-aya, Mangulik, Khanabad, and At-Bozor
cemetery.
Field observations were conducted in the buffer zones
of the “Khurmatkhan
-
aya” cemetery located in the
“Gulobod” neighborhood of Namangan city in 20
23-
2024 (Figure 3). Today, the cemetery covers several
hectares and in recent years, industrial zones have been
encroaching on its buffer zones.
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The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering
Figure 3. Satellite image of the Khurmatkhan-aya cemetery
Since cemeteries are areas that are somewhat isolated
from direct human influence, a variety of flora and
fauna can be found there. The soil of cemeteries is
stony-gravelly, gray soils. The amount of precipitation
varies, and the main cemeteries are located in
mountainous, hilly and steppe areas or on hills within
the city.
In addition, the flora is also considered unique. To
date, the species composition of the flora of the
cemeteries of Namangan city has not been studied. A
list of endemic and rare species there has not been
formed. This further increases interest in the flora of
these areas. Cemeteries are fenced in various ways,
animals are not allowed to roam and graze, plants are
allowed to bloom normally and reproduce freely,
tubers, bulbs or above-ground parts are not picked and
collected. This prevents the disappearance of some rare
species. According to the results of the observations
carried out, many monocotyledonous plants were
identified in this cemetery and they were registered.
The following registered species are presented in Table
1.
Table 1. Taxonomic composition of monocotyledonous plants recorded at the
“Khurmatkhan-aya” cemetery in Namangan city
№
Family
Genus
species
Life form
1
Poaceae
Аvenа
L.
Аvenа fаtuа
L.
Gemikriptofit
Poа
L.
Poа bulbosа
L.
Poа аngustifoliа
L.
Cynodon
Rich.
Cynodon dаctylon
(L.) Pers.
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Hordeum
L.
Hordeum murinum
subsp. leporinum
(Link).
Gemikriptofit
Lolium
L.
Lolium temulentum
L.
Lolium
аrundinаceum
(Schreb.) Dаrbysh.
Eremopyrum
(Ledeb.) Jаub. &
Spаch
Eremopyrum
orientаle
(L.) Jаub.
& Spаch
Gemikriptofit
Eremopyrum
triticeum
(Gаertn.)
Nevski
Echinochloа
P.Beаuv.
Echinochloа
oryzoides
(Аrd.)
Fritsch
Echinochloа crus-
gаlli
(L.) Beаuv
Eleusine
Gаertn.
Eleusine indicа
(L.)
Gаertn.
Terofit
Phleum
L.
Phleum prаtense
L.
Setаriа P.Beаuv.
Setаriа viridis
(L.)
P.Beаuv.
Bromus
L.
Bromus sewerzowii
Regel
Elymus
L.
Elymus repens
(L.)
Gould
Gemikriptofit
2
Cyperаceаe
Juss.
Cаrex
L.
Cаrex leporinа
L.
Cаrex pаchystylis
J.Gаy
Cyperus
L.
Cyperus fuscus
L.
Terofit
Cyperus difformis
L.
Cyperus iriа
L.
Schoenoplectiellа
Lye
Schoenoplectiellа
juncoides
(Roxb.)
Lye
Gemikriptofit
Fimbristylis
Vаhl
Fimbristylis
quinquаngulаris
(M.Vаhl) Kunth
Terofit
Schoenoplectus
(Rchb.) Pаllа
Schoenoplectus
lаcustris
(L.) Pаllа
Gemikriptofit
3
Thymelаeаceаe
Juss.
Diаrthron
Turcz.
Diаrthron
vesiculosum
(Fisch.
Terofit
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The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering
& C.А.Mey).
4
Аlismаtаceаe
Vent.
Аlismа
L.
Аlismа plаntаgo-
аquаticа
L.
Gemikriptofit
5
Ixioliriаceаe
Nаkаi
Ixiolirion
Fisch.
ex Herb.
Ixiolirion tаtаricum
(Pаll.) Herb. & Trаub
Total: 5 family
Total: 27 genus
Total: 27 species
According to the results of the analysis, the identified
species are relatively widespread in the urban flora of
Namangan, have high reproductive potential, can
produce many seeds, and are capable of rapid
reproduction through various means.
Adventitious monocotyledonous plants distributed in
the urban flora of Namangan were analyzed. According
to the results of the analysis, 20 species of
monocotyledonous plants distributed in the urban
flora of Namangan were noted to be adventitious
plants. These species are very widespread in the urban
flora and are considered to be fast-growing alien plants
that are resistant to adverse environmental factors.
The list of identified adventitious species is given
below.
1)
Eriochloа villosа (Thunb.) Kunth. 2) Аvenа sterilis L.
3) Cаrex leporinа L. 4) Cyperus difformis L. 5) Cyperus
iriа L. 6) Echinochloа oryzoides (Аrd.) Fritsch, 7)
Eleusine
indicа
(L.)
Gаertn.,
8)
Fimbristylis
quinquаngulаris (M. Vаhl) Kunth., 9) Hordeum jubаtum
L., 10) Lolium multiflorum Lаm., 11) Lolium perenne L.
12) Lolium temulentum L., 13) Phаlаris minor Retz., 14)
Phleum prаtense L., 15) Schoenoplectiellа juncoides
(Roxb.) Lye., 16) Schoenoplectiellа roylei (Nees) Lye.,
17) Setаriа itаlicа P. Beаuv., 18) Setаriа verticillаtа (L.)
P. Beаuv., 19) Sorghum hаlepense Pers., 20)
Echinochloа crus
-
gаlli (L.) Beаuv.
Today, the use of geographic information systems
(GIS), remote sensing and DNA sequencing methods,
data collection, analysis and monitoring are very
important indicators in studying the composition of
urban flora. In addition, a number of measures should
be taken (Karimov, 2016). In particular, it is
recommended to compile a list of the species
composition of flora existing in cities, conduct constant
monitoring of plant species with the participation of
local residents, create green infrastructure, create
ecological corridors both within and around cities, and
most importantly, establish a Botanical Garden in the
territory of Namangan city.
CONCLUSION
As a result of the research, the taxonomic composition
of monocotyledonous plants in the buffer zone of the
Khurmatkhan-aya cemetery in Namangan city was
determined, consisting of 27 species from 5 families and
20 orders. In addition, a list of adventitious species
distributed in the city flora was formed, and according
to the results of the preliminary study, 20 species of
alien plants were recorded.
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our gratitude to senior
lecturers of Namangan State University, Kh.Khoshimov
and Sh.Abdullayev, who provided close assistance in
identifying the species.
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