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THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES OF TRANSLATION
STUDIES: LEXICAL- PHRASEOLOGICAL EQUIVALENCE AND
ADEQUACY IN TRANSLATION
Sulaymonova Hamidabonu Toshpo`lotovna
First-year-student at the National University of Uzbekistan
named after Mirzo Ulugbek
Jalolova Shakhnoza Mukhamedjanovna
PhD, associate professor.
+998930014681
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15654532
Annotatsiya:
Mazkur maqola leksikologiyaning frazeologiyaga oid
bo‘limiga bag‘ishlanigan bo‘lib, unda ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi kiyim-kechak
nomlari ishtirok etgan frazeologik va idiomatik birliklar lingvomadaniy jihatdan
qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Shu bilan bir qatorda, har bir millatning mentaliteti,
madaniyati, urf-odatlari va an’analarini yaqqol ifodalovchi frazeologik
vositalarning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari ikki til (ingliz va o‘zbek tillari) nuqtai
nazaridan ochib berilgan, hamda frazeologik birliklar haqida muhim
ma’lumotlar taqdim etiladi.
Kalit
so‘zlar:
lingvomadaniy,
idiomatik
ifoda,
leksikologiya,
madaniyatlararo muloqot, kognitiv yondashuv, tushunchaviy sohalar,
frazeologik birliklar.
Annotation:
This article is dedicated to the section of lexicology concerning
phraseology. It presents a comparative linguacultural analysis of phraseological
and idiomatic units involving clothing names in English and Uzbek. Additionally,
the specific features of phraseological expressions that vividly reflect the
mentality, culture, customs, and traditions of each nation are revealed from the
perspective of both languages (English and Uzbek). The article also provides
important information about phraseological units.
Keywords:
linguacultural, idiomatic expression, lexicology, intercultural
communication, cognitive approach, conceptual domains, phraseological units.
Аннотация:
Данная статья посвящена разделу лексикологии,
связанному с фразеологией. В ней проводится сопоставительный
лингвокультурный анализ фразеологических и идиоматических единиц с
названиями одежды в английском и узбекском языках. Также
раскрываются особенности фразеологических средств, ярко отражающих
менталитет, культуру, обычаи и традиции каждого народа с точки зрения
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двух языков (английского и узбекского). В статье также представлены
важные сведения о фразеологических единицах.
Ключевые слова:
лингвокультурный, идиоматическое выражение,
лексикология, межкультурная коммуникация, когнитивный подход,
сферы концептов, фразеологические единицы.
Linguacultural study is a field that combines two different areas: culture
studies and language studies. This field looks at how language and culture work
together. It studies how this connection starts, grows, and shows up both in the
way language is built and in wider social situations. Cultural-language studies
try to find out how culture affects the way people use language and how
language shows cultural identity and worldview. On one side, it looks at how
human experience is built into language expressions that are shaped by cultural
rules. On the other side, it studies how people interact with and understand
language through their cultural background.
Every language works not only as a way to communicate but also as a
storage place for a nation's historical memory, traditional way of life, values,
geographical surroundings, and shared ideas. Many of these are quietly hidden
in sayings and expressions. So, language becomes like a mirror that shows a
people's way of life. People learning foreign languages often have trouble fully
understanding the deeper meanings behind phrase expressions of another
culture until they learn about that culture's traditions, social behaviors, and
ways of thinking. Even though a lot of research has been done on the grammar,
meaning, and sentence structure analysis of phrase groups, studying them from
a cultural-language perspective - looking at how cultural elements are built into
these expressions - is still not well developed. Growing this area of research is
important for a fuller understanding of cross-cultural communication and
effective language learning.
The basic connection between language and culture was first explained by
the German scholar Wilhelm Humboldt. He said that a person's language reflects
the world in a way that brings it to life. He stressed that language contains the
identity of its speakers and includes their way of life and cultural worldview.
Later, important scholars such as M.M.Pokrovsky, G.V.Stepanov,
A.A.Potebnya, D.S.Likhachev, Y.M.Lotman, and F.I.Busayev made significant
contributions to the development of cultural-language studies. They built the
theoretical and scientific foundation for this field. In Uzbek language studies,
pioneering contributions to cultural-language studies were made by researchers
such as Sh.Safarov, D.Khudoyberganov, N.Mahmudov, and Sh.Usmanova. More
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recently, the comparison study of Uzbek phrases with other languages from a
cultural-language and thinking perspective has become popular. Scholars like
B.Safaraliyev, G.Bakiyeva, and N.Nasrullayeva have explored how to group
phrase expressions by meaning. They put them into idea areas such as religion,
legend, history, literature, geography, and national identity. Also, Professor
A.Mamatov has looked at phrase groups from a historical word-origin viewpoint.
He emphasizes that many sayings come from Uzbek cultural realities. He also
notes how both related and unrelated languages have influenced Uzbek phrases
through borrowing and adaptation processes.
Indeed, studying phrases through a cultural-language view is important not
only for understanding language in its social and historical context but also for
keeping the non-physical heritage that is hidden in expressions. Especially in
multilingual societies like Uzbekistan, looking at how sayings reflect cultural
values and historical experiences makes cross-cultural communication better
and deepens appreciation for the richness of the native language. In English,
sayings that contain names of clothing and footwear items are quite common.
These expressions have often existed for centuries, and in many cases, their
literal connections to clothing have disappeared, making their meanings harder
to figure out for language learners. To help understanding, here are selected
sayings related to clothing items such as hats, belts, shoes, and gloves in Uzbek
and English.
1.One such idiom is
“
Tighten your belt”
, which literally suggests pulling
one’s belt tighter but figuratively means to reduce spending or live more
frugally, usually during tough financial times.
“
With rising prices, we’ll have to tighten our belts this year”.
2.
“Handle someone with kid gloves”
means to treat someone delicately
or cautiously. Kid gloves were historically made of soft leather, symbolizing
gentleness.
“He’s very sensitive – his colleagues always handle him with kid gloves”.
3. The idiom
“Get something under your belt”
means to acquire
experience, knowledge, or an achievement. Though, it refers literally to
consuming food or drink, in modern usage it refers to accomplishments.
“Once you get a few more interviews under your belt, you’ll feel more
confident.”
When it comes to idioms in Uzbek language, there are many idioms related
to clothing names which convey metaphorical, inner meaning.
1.“Bir yoqadan bosh chiqarmoq”
– to be united, to be unanimous
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Aka-ukalar bir yoqadan bosh chiqarib harakat qilsa, maqsadlariga yanada
tez erishadilar.
1.“To‘nini teskari kiyib oldi”
– to be obstinate without turning off
Example: Uning sovvuq muomalasi tufayli Saodat to‘nini teskari kiydi.
2.“Do‘ppisini osmonga otdi”
– juda hursand bo’ldi, over happy.
Example: Farzandli bo‘lganini eshitib do‘ppisini osmonga otdi [4], [5].
These idioms show how clothing-related expressions in English can carry
rich metaphorical meanings that go far beyond their literal sense. Understanding
their historical and cultural backgrounds not only enhances comprehension but
also brings learners closer to the cultural mindset embedded in the language.
This study highlights the importance of idioms with adjective components
in English and Uzbek, an area that remains relatively understudied. Focusing on
around ten clothing-related idioms, it explored how cultural identity shapes and
is reflected in language. Despite cultural differences, many adjective-based
idioms in both languages share similar meanings, often describing human
qualities. Linguistic, semantic, and morphological analyses, along with insights
from leading linguists, support these findings.
References:
1.
Sayidrahimova N., Qabulova U. Linguoculturology – a special field of
linguistics // Uzbek language and literature, - №4, 2015. – 87-91 b.
2.
Humboldt W. Background. Language and philosophy. – M.: Cambridge
University press & Assessment, 1985. –169 b.
3.
Khodjayeva. N. The issues of stylistics on translation of historical costumes
// Asian journal of multidimensional research, 10 (4), – New Delhi, 2021. – 534-
543 p.
4.
Rahmatullayev Sh. O‘zbek tilining izohli frazeologik lug‘ati. – Toshkent:
O‘qitivchi nashriyoti, 1978. – 81-146 b.
5.
Khodjaeva N. Semantics of kinship terms as a form of address in Uzbek
translations of phraseologism // Theoretical & applied science, (8). –Toshkent,
2019. – 107-110 p.
