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DISTRIBUTION AND BIOECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
MEDICINAL GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE)
Xudoyberganova Maftuna Alisher qizi
Tashkent State Agrarian University, Bachelor's Student
Tel: +998(94) 458-75-44 Email: maftunaxudoyberganova5@gmail.com
Mardonov Fozilbek Mardon o‘g‘li
Assistant, Department of Medicinal Plants,
Tashkent State Agrarian University
Latin Name: Zingiber officinale
Family: Zingiberaceae
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15331213
General Description. Ginger is a highly valued plant in global medicine and
gastronomy. It is a perennial medicinal plant that grows in tropical climates.
Belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, it does not grow naturally in the wild — it
is cultivated exclusively by humans. Its rhizome is light brown on the outside
and yellow inside, spreading in a semi-crescent, branched pattern. The interior
is rich in parenchymal tissues, which contribute to its healing properties.
The plant’s stems grow upright, are rounded and glossy, and can reach up
to 1 meter in height. The flower stalks are shorter, about 30 cm. Leaves are
lance-shaped with pointed tips, arranged alternately, measuring 10–15 cm in
length and about 1 cm in width. The flowers are beautiful, asymmetric
(zygomorphic), bilaterally symmetrical, and range in color from yellowish to
deep purple, forming spike-like inflorescences.
Ginger does not produce seeds, so it reproduces only vegetatively —
through segments of its rhizome. It is mainly cultivated in tropical regions such
as India, China, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Jamaica.
Historical Background. Ginger is believed to have originated in Western
India. It has been known to humans since ancient times and was widely used
both in early medicine and cooking. It was introduced to Europe from India in
the 9th century, and in the 16th century, it reached the Americas during the
Spanish colonization. It has been used not only as a spice but also as a medicinal
remedy.
Chemical Composition. The medicinal properties of ginger are primarily
linked to its rhizome's complex chemical constituents, including:
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Essential oils (1.5–3%), primarily α- and β-zingiberene (up to 70%) —
responsible for its characteristic aroma.
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Fatty oils (3.7%), various resins, starch, and amino acids such as leucine,
tryptophan, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, valine, and others.
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Micro and macroelements: iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, calcium,
magnesium, phosphorus, etc.
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Gingerol — a biologically active compound responsible for ginger’s
pungent taste, also known for its strong anti-inflammatory effect.
Beneficial and Medicinal Effects. Ginger is valued not only for flavoring food
but also for the following medicinal benefits:
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Enhances digestion and stimulates appetite
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Activates metabolism and aids in weight loss
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Detoxifies the div from toxins and waste
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Lowers cholesterol levels in the blood
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Strengthens blood vessels and improves cerebral circulation
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Boosts immunity and fights colds and viral diseases
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Acts as an antioxidant and slows the aging process
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Helpful in treating skin and allergic conditions
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Effective against nausea, dizziness, and fatigue during early pregnancy,
and also helps with “motion sickness”
External Applications. Ginger rhizome extract is used in massage oils to
relieve joint and muscle pain. Additionally, it is used in compresses to treat
headaches, bruises, swelling, and muscle soreness.
Contraindications. Although medicinal, ginger should not be consumed by
everyone. It is not recommended in the following conditions:
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Allergies or individual intolerance to its components
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During active stages of gastrointestinal conditions like ulcers, gastritis,
colitis, enteritis, or enterocolitis
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Liver diseases: hepatitis, cirrhosis, etc.
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Cardiovascular diseases (e.g., ischemia, hypertension, post-heart attack or
stroke conditions)
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In the second half of pregnancy and during breastfeeding
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During episodes of hemorrhoids
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When div temperature is elevated
Conclusion.
Ginger is one of nature’s invaluable gifts to humanity. It serves
not only as a flavorful spice but also as a medicinal remedy. However, like any
healing agent, it should be used wisely, in moderation, and under medical
guidance.
References:
1.
Ahmadova, L.Sh. Ginger and Its Healing Properties. Tashkent: Uzbekistan
Medical Publishing, 2010.
SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
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2.
Qosimova, N.F. Giants in Medicine: Ginger and Other Medicinal Plants.
Tashkent: Central Asia Medical Journal, 2015.
3.
Petrosov, A.G. Myth and Source: Tropical Plants and Their Proper Use.
Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences, 2008.
4.
Shohzodaeva, M.S. Medicinal Plants: History and Modern Significance.
Tashkent: Independent Publisher, 2018.
5.
Smith, A. Ginger: The Herb of Health. London: Herbal Remedies Press,
2016.
6.
Kumar, R. Ginger in Traditional Medicine and Modern Healing. New York:
Health Sciences Publisher, 2012.
