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MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE IN CHILDREN: CLINICAL, FUNCTIONAL
FEATURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Atajanova A.G.
student of group 305 of the Faculty of Medicine, direction
“General Medicine”. Alfraganus University
Isabayeva.D.I.
Scientific supervisor:
Departman assistant, Tashkent State Dental Institute
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10984178
Relevance.
In the structure of cardiovascular pathology, functional
disorders and conditions associated with minor anomalies of heart development
are of great importance. In 96-99% of cases, they are not detected during
examination, remain undiagnosed, or are detected by chance during
examination for another pathology. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a pathological
sagging (bending) of one or both mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during
left ventricular systole.
Purpose of the study.
To study the clinical and functional features of the
cardiovascular system in children with mitral valve prolapse.
Materials and methods of research.
The study included 30 children with
mitral valve prolapse aged from 1 month to 5 years. The control group consisted
of 20 children without MVP. The children were examined at the City Children's
Medical Consultative Diagnostic Center. The study used general clinical,
biochemical, functional, instrumental and statistical methods.
Research results.
The distribution of children with MVP by age showed
that they were less common in children aged 1 month to 1 year (26.7%) and
more common in children aged 2 to 5 years (73.3%). During the study of medical
and biological factors in children with MVP, it was shown that MVP develops
more often in boys (56.7%). The development of MVP was more prevalent in
children with hereditary burden (26.6%). In 16.6% of children, the mother's age
was over 35 years at the time of the birth of this child, and in 10.0% of children,
the parents were close relatives. Obstetric history data showed that mothers of
children with MVP suffered ARVI during pregnancy in 50.0% of cases, and
TORCH infections (cytomegalovirus, herpes virus) were detected in 20.0% of
cases. The study of physical development indicators of children with MVP also
did not reveal deviations in div length/height, div weight and div mass
index relative to age norms. Physical examination showed that, upon percussion,
in 3 (7.5%) children there was an expansion of the left boundaries of relative
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cardiac dullness. Auscultation revealed a systolic click at the apex of the heart
with a late systolic murmur in 30 (100%) children. Analysis of the ECG study
showed that (10%) children had signs of hypertrophy of the left stomach; among
conduction disorders, incomplete blockade of the left bundle branch in (26.6%)
and early reopolarization syndrome prevailed in (23.3%) children. Among heart
rhythm disturbances, such as sinus tachycardia and sinus bradycardia were
noted in equal percentages in (6.6%) children. EchoCG data shows that in
children with MVP, the contractility of the LV is preserved, and the size of the
left ventricle is not changed. Only 10% of children with MVP had dilatation of the
left chambers of the heart due to stage III regurgitation of the mitral valve.
Thus, when studying the clinical and functional features of MVP in the left
ventricle in children, it was shown that, with MVP, the structural and geometric
parameters of the heart chambers of the left ventricle and the disruption of their
function do not change depending on the degree of mitral valve prolapse.
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