SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
International scientific-online conference
60
IMPROVEMENT OF MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF
POLITICAL CULTURE IN STUDENTS
Ortikova Nargiza Akramovna
Associate professor , PhD
Kokand State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15654673
Abstract.
The author considered and studied the improvement of
mechanisms of development of political culture in higher educational students,
developing the potential of the humanities, contributing to the political and
cultural orientation of the university education of the student as a mature
person. The basics of teaching political disciplines described which makes it
possible to form the political needs, knowledge and skills of students.
Keywords:
improvement, development, knowledge and skills of students,
teaching, political culture.
In modern conditions, one of the priority tasks of higher education is the
development of political culture among students as a basic quality of a mature
personality and an indicator of citizenship. This gives rise to the need to identify
the role and opportunities of the educational process of the university in the
development of the political culture of the future specialist [2, 4].
Our study is aimed at analyzing the resource potential of the educational
process, which we consider as the available opportunities for higher education
for the socialization of the individual and the development of the political
culture of students.
Identification of the conditions of political socialization and description of
this process are the initial stages on the path of studying the political
development of man. However, there are difficulties in solving this problem,
since psychological approaches unnecessarily "psychologize" the process of
socialization, and sociological and political analysis ignores the internal factor,
focusing on social and cultural conditions.
Under the political development of the individual, we understand the
assimilation of value orientations, beliefs and norms of the political life of
society. Because of the political development of the individual, a culture and a
system of conscious socio-political attitudes are formed, and the political activity
of the subject (student, student) is also manifested.
It is impossible to consider the political development of the individual as a
process that always has a definite beginning and end. In some cases,
socialization may slow down at a certain stage. Taking into account the law of
multi-temporal development, one should consider political socialization as a
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multi-level systemic process in which the patterns of intellectual, moral, social,
and political development are intertwined [1, 2].
It follows from this that the time of onset of the physical, civil, mental
maturity of a person and his ability to work is different. At the same time, human
development does not exclude integrity, which is ensured by the presence of
inter-functional relationships. In this case, there is a certain periodization. It is
possible to explore it through revealing the nature of the links between the
individual parameters of political development (social ideas, value orientations,
characteristics of social identity, etc.).
The system-forming factor in the political development of the individual
should always be the awareness of her social public interest [4]. The
prerequisites for the student's political development are primarily due to age-
related neoplasms. Russian pedagogy and psychology are characterized by an
optimistic view of the creative possibilities of adolescence. It is necessary to take
into account the data of experimental psychology (J. Piaget, E. Erickson, K. Jung),
according to which the formation of the “I” of a young man takes place under
extreme conditions of an “identity crisis”, overcoming the “egocentrism of
children's thinking”, etc. At the same time, there are no serious grounds for
considering these contradictions as fatal, since they can be smoothed out and
resolved to a certain extent with the help of pedagogical support.
But if we keep in mind the whole complex of personal properties being
formed, deep qualitative changes in the sphere of need, students' orientations,
their "zone of proximal development" (S. Rustambekova), then in the context of
a new, culture-centric paradigm of higher education, it is quite legitimate to talk
about the formation of the foundations of political student's culture [2].
In practice, observing the development of the political culture of students of
different courses, we were convinced that the political development of
individual age groups has significant qualitative differences, which are rooted in
the different ability to use certain cultural forms of behavior, the acquisition of
skills, the formed character, etc.
The study showed that the political development of students could begin
with the mobilization of the simplest tendencies laid down by nature. Then it
goes through the learning phase, when under the influence of external
conditions the process changes its structure and is built with the help of a whole
range of external methods and behavior. Finally, the stage comes when these
external auxiliary methods are discarded as unnecessary, and a person emerges
from this evolution, possessing new forms and methods of behavior.
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The content-structural educational resource for the development of the
political culture of students involves the design of a pedagogical process that
contributes to the assimilation of political knowledge, views, values, attitudes by
students. This concerns the content of higher education, its structure, taking into
account the influence of modern factors [5].
As the main component of the content-structural educational resource for
the development of a student's political culture, we consider the totality of all
university courses that can give an idea of a holistic picture of the world, human
existence, and the political life of society.
Thus, the course of philosophy contributes to the formation of a modern
picture of the world in the minds of students, provides an understanding of the
basic principles of the methodology of cognition and the political transformation
of the world. In the university history course, we consider it important to convey
to students the idea that our past requires awareness of human unity and the
measure of social and political responsibility that falls on the shoulders of
everyone.
The course of literature, representing relations between people in artistic
images, forms the aesthetic component of the political culture of students. In the
development of the political culture of students, the semantic and intonation
richness of the native language, oral and written speech, its properties such as
accuracy, imagery, emotionality, and the variety of stylistic shades are
important.
Culturology is designed to lay down the knowledge of the general laws of
the origin and development of culture: to form the principles of following its
requirements in various spheres of life, to reveal the specifics of the components
of modern culture, to develop the skills and abilities of socio-cultural activities,
to prepare students for socio-cultural creativity. Involving a student in the world
of culture, culturology is designed to show the diversity, multi-layeredness of
cultural phenomena and processes at different levels of the functioning of
spiritual life [2].
We consider political science not only as a science, but also as the art of
social education of students, in essence, as the art of preserving, enriching and
transmitting political culture from generation to generation.
Professor D. Held believes that in the teaching of political science in higher
education, the provisions that priority in the study of this discipline should be
given to an independent analysis of problems. Rather than memorizing separate,
unrelated provisions and facts, are of decisive importance; the efforts of teachers
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should be directed primarily to the development of analytical thinking skills;
theory and factual material the student should be able to apply to determine the
directions of practical activity in the field of politics [3].
It is obvious that a student prone to political analysis will certainly be
interested in the conflict of interests of various social groups in the reproduction
of various societies. The clash of opposing principles and philosophical
positions, assessments by various social groups of the costs or benefits of
implementing special political and economic strategies, conditions or obstacles
to the implementation of specific program settings and etc. This complex and
interdisciplinary nature makes politics as a scientific discipline attractive to
today's young people and determines its important practical significance.
Political science develops in close cooperation with sociology. Political
science comes from the state, examines how it affects society, while political
sociology draws on society, and examines its impact on the state [5].
In the course of political sociology, there is the possibility of a
comprehensive consideration of the social foundations of power, the impact of
social group conflicts on political institutions and, conversely, the influence of
political structures on the behavior of social groups.
In the process of studying political disciplines, students develop the skills of
independent analysis of topical issues of the development of society, possible
ways to overcome existing and future political difficulties, the skills of a critical
attitude to the material being studied, and the ability to make independent
conclusions.
The practice of teaching in higher education shows that the social sciences,
primarily pedagogy and psychology, must determine the extent to which the old
stereotypes and outdated forms of educating young people are being overcome.
Today there is a process of formation and development of political culture
as an independent scientific direction. Uzbek scientists believe that it is
necessary to develop and introduce political pedagogy into the system of higher
education as a new scientific and educational discipline, primarily with the aim
of strengthening and developing Russian statehood [1].
Political pedagogy, combining the fundamental principles of the formation
and development of a personality, in the most effective and optimal form is able
to provide a scientifically verified formation of a politically active personality
[3].
We especially emphasize that, for all the complexity and versatility of
political culture, the degree of its development in the educational activities of
SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
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university students should be studied because of psycho-logo-pedagogical
diagnostics.
At the same time, the study shows that most teachers start teaching without
first diagnosing the level of development of students' political culture. The
absence of objective criteria excludes the purposefulness of influences, and the
quantitative indicator of students' progress requires a qualitative interpretation.
Only direct measurements of the quality of political culture with the help of
objective indicators can improve the effectiveness of the learning process.
Of the many indicators of political culture, let us focus on the quality of
political knowledge.
Intra-age typical features of students' activity are diagnosed, each type is a
generalization of homogeneous individual characteristics. With such a
differentiation of the educational process, the impact on students is carried out
in an indirect and indirect way. Relying on typical properties will make it
possible to switch to taking into account general properties and patterns in the
cognitive activity of students.
For example, the course "Political Science" diagnoses intra-age typical
features of students' activities. The variety of individual differences is reduced to
a variety of types, each of which is a generalization of homogeneous individual
characteristics [3].
While affirming and developing, political pedagogy and political psychology
will not entail the loss of certain branches of knowledge, independent scientific
disciplines. On the contrary, they provide teachers and scientists, government
agencies and public organizations, all participants in political processes with the
opportunity to effectively form and develop the student's personality, thereby
providing a way for the establishment of real democracy, the rule of law and civil
society.
Psychological and pedagogical disciplines contribute to the development of
dialogical thinking among students, the formation of a system of knowledge
about a person as a developing personality, individuality, a subject of life, about
the socio-psychological patterns of his interaction, about the essence, content
and development of educational processes. During the introductory course,
students are acquainted with such basic concepts and categories of political
science as politics and political power, personality in politics, political behavior
and political participation, political system, political institutions and processes,
political ideology and political culture, political development and modernization,
SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN
MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY
International scientific-online conference
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democracy, etc. Because of studying the introductory course, students develop
the ability to independently analyze political processes.
Thus, the university educational process, based on a resource approach, as
our study shows, expands the political horizons of students, increasing the
chance to make a rational choice, for example, during election campaigns,
develops political competence, and forms a civil position
References:
1. Абдуллаева А. М., Лобачева А.К. Политическая педагогика: становление
и развитие // Социально-гуманитарные знания. - 2020. -№6.
2. Rustambekova S. Socio-political psychology in universities of Uzbekistan.
Moscow: New school, 2021.
3. Lipset S. M. Political Man. The Social Bases of Politics. Expanded Edition. -
Baltimore, 2018.
4. Politics as a scientific discipline according to D. Held // Polis. 2019.
5. Юлдашев К.Р., Кондаков А. М. Введение в политическую психологию. -
Казань-Ташкент: МИР, 2020.
