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Multicultural linguistic landscapes: exploring modern
polyethnic languages
Adila TADJIBAEVA
Fergana Branch of Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Al-
Khwоrizmi
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received April 2024
Received in revised form
15 May 2024
Accepted 25 May 2024
Available online
15 June 2024
In today
’
s diverse society, multiethnic languages are a strong
expression of multiculturalism. This article delves into the
intricacies of these languages, exploring their distinctive
features, evolution, and social significance. Through an
interdisciplinary lens, it explores how multiethnic languages
combine vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation from
different linguistic traditions, reflecting the hybrid nature of
multicultural societies. In addition, the article discusses
historical, political and social factors influencing the
development and sustainability of multiethnic languages. Their
role
in
facilitating
cultural
exchange,
intergroup
communication, and the negotiation of complex identities is
examined. While recognizing issues such as language
revitalization, the article advocates for the preservation and
celebration of multi-ethnic languages as an integral part of our
common linguistic heritage.
2181-
1415/©
2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol5-iss5/S-pp100-107
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
polyethnic languages,
multiculturalism,
linguistic diversity,
hybridity,
societal significance,
cultural exchange,
identity,
language evolution,
language resilience,
interdisciplinary
perspectives.
K
o‘
p madaniyatli lingvistik landshaftlar: zamonaviy k
o‘
p
millatli tillar tadqiqi
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
polietnik tillar,
multikulturalizm,
til xilma-xilligi,
duragayligi,
ijtimoiy ahamiyati,
madaniy almashinuv,
o‘
ziga xoslik,
Bugungi
xilma-xil
jamiyatda
polietnik
tillar
multikulturalizmning yorqin ifodasi sifatida ajralib turadi.
Ushbu maqola ushbu tillarning nozik tomonlarini
o‘
rganadi,
ularning
o‘
ziga xos xususiyatlari, evolyutsiyasi va ijtimoiy
ahamiyatini
o‘
rganadi. Fanlararo linzalar orqali u polietnik
tillarning lu
g‘
at, grammatika va talaffuzni turli til an
’
analaridan
1
Teacher, Department of Foreign Languages, Fergana Branch of Tashkent University of Information Technologies
named after Al-
Khwоrizmi, Fergana, Republic of Uzbekistan
. E-mail: a.tadjibaeva@mail.ru
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101
til evolyutsiyasi,
tilning mustahkamligi,
fanlararo istiqbollar.
qanday qilib uy
g‘
unlashtirishi, k
o‘
p madaniyatli jamiyatlarning
gibrid tabiatini aks ettiradi. Bundan tashqari, maqolada
polietnik tillarning rivojlanishi va mustahkamligiga ta
’
sir
etuvchi tarixiy, siyosiy va ijtimoiy omillar muhokama qilinadi.
Shuningdek,
u
madaniy
almashinuvni
osonlashtirish,
guruhlararo muloqotni rivojlantirish va murakkab
o‘
ziga
xosliklarni muhokama qilishda ularning rolini
o‘
rganadi. Tilni
jonlantirish kabi muammolarni e
’
tirof etgan holda, u umumiy til
merosimizning ajralmas qismi sifatida polietnik tillarni asrab-
avaylash va nishonlash tarafdori.
Мультикультурные лингвистические ландшафты:
изучение современных полиэтнических языков
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
полиэтнические языки,
мультикультурализм,
языковое разнообразие,
гибридность,
социальная значимость,
культурный обмен,
идентичность,
языковая эволюция,
языковая устойчивость,
междисциплинарные
перспективы.
В
современном
разнообразном
обществе
полиэтнические языки являются ярким выражением
мультикультурализма. Эта статья углубляется в тонкости
этих языков, исследуя их отличительные особенности,
эволюцию
и
социальную
значимость.
Через
междисциплинарную
призму
исследуются,
как
полиэтнические языки сочетают словарный запас,
грамматику и произношение из различных языковых
традиций, отражая гибридную природу мультикультурных
обществ. Кроме того, в статье обсуждаются исторические,
политические и социальные факторы, влияющие на
развитие и устойчивость полиэтнических языков.
Рассматривается их роль в содействии культурному
обмену, межгрупповому общению и согласованию сложных
идентичностей.
Признавая
такие
проблемы,
как
возрождение языка, статья выступает за сохранение и
прославление полиэтнических языков как неотъемлемой
части нашего общего языкового наследия.
INTRODUCTION
In today
’
s increasingly interconnected world, the linguistic landscape reflects the
intricate tapestry of multiculturalism, with modern polyethnic languages emerging as
vibrant expressions of cultural diversity and societal complexity. As global migration,
international trade, and digital communication continue to blur geographical boundaries,
the dynamics of language use and interaction have undergone profound transformations,
giving rise to rich and multifaceted linguistic landscapes [1].
This article explores the phenomenon of modern polyethnic languages within the
context of multicultural linguistic landscapes, aiming to shed light on their unique
features, historical roots, and societal implications. Polyethnic languages, characterized
by their fusion of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation from diverse linguistic
traditions, serve as linguistic microcosms that encapsulate the complexities of
multicultural societies.
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Through a comprehensive examination of modern polyethnic languages, this article
seeks to unravel the intricate interplay of linguistic, cultural, and social factors shaping their
development and evolution. By delving into the historical trajectories of polyethnic language
formation and the sociopolitical contexts in which they thrive, it aims to provide insights into
the dynamic nature of multicultural linguistic landscapes [2].
Furthermore, this article explores the role of modern polyethnic languages in
fostering intercultural communication, preserving linguistic heritage, and negotiating
complex identities in diverse societies. It examines how polyethnic languages serve as
bridges between different cultural communities, facilitating cross-cultural understanding
and promoting social cohesion amidst cultural diversity.
By analysing contemporary examples of polyethnic language use and language
policy initiatives, this article highlights the resilience and adaptability of modern
polyethnic languages in the face of globalization and cultural change. It also addresses
challenges such as language endangerment, language revitalization efforts, and the
impact of digital technologies on language dynamics in multicultural contexts [3].
In essence, this article endeavours to contribute to a deeper understanding of the
intricate linguistic landscapes shaped by modern polyethnic languages. By exploring
their linguistic features, historical trajectories, and societal roles, it aims to celebrate the
richness of cultural diversity and linguistic heritage while fostering an appreciation for
the complex interplay of languages in multicultural societies.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Contemporary research by scholars such as Blommaert [4] and Pennycook [5]
emphasizes the dynamic nature of multicultural linguistic landscapes in the context of
globalization and transnationalism. They argue that linguistic diversity is not only a
reflection of cultural identity but also a site of contestation and negotiation in
increasingly interconnected societies.
Recent studies by Matras [6] and Aikhenvald [7] have explored the emergence and
development of modern polyethnic languages in diverse sociolinguistic contexts. They
highlight the role of language contact, migration, and urbanization in shaping polyethnic
language formations, as well as the implications of linguistic hybridity for identity
construction and community formation.
Scholars such as Gardner-Chloros [8] and Mufwene [9] have examined
contemporary manifestations of language contact and convergence in multicultural
settings. Their research explores phenomena such as urban youth language, internet-
mediated communication, and translingual practices as sites of linguistic innovation and
cultural expression.
Recent studies by De Fina and King [10]
and García and Li Wei
[11] have
investigated the complex relationship between language attitudes and identity
construction in multicultural contexts. They highlight the role of language ideologies,
power dynamics, and social media in shaping individuals
’
perceptions of linguistic
diversity and cultural belonging.
Contemporary scholarship by May and Stevenson [12] and Ricento [13] examines
the intersection of language policy and linguistic diversity in multicultural societies. They
advocate for inclusive language policies that recognize the rights of linguistic minorities
and promote multilingualism as a resource for social cohesion and cultural enrichment.
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Recent research by Blackledge and Creese [14] and Heller [15] addresses the
challenges and opportunities associated with linguistic diversity and language education
in multicultural contexts. They highlight the importance of critical language awareness,
translanguaging pedagogies, and community-based language revitalization initiatives in
fostering linguistic justice and empowerment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A language achieves the status of a global language only when it has a recognized
importance in all countries, and this is mainly evident in the case of languages that are
spoken as a mother tongue by a large number of people in different countries of the
world. When taken on the scale of the English language, such a situation can be seen in
the USA, Canada, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, several Caribbean
countries, Asian countries and several other countries. Apart from Spain, the Spanish
language is used in about 20 countries located mainly in Latin America. Also, the mere
use of a language as a mother tongue does not give it the status of a global language.
In order to have such a status, the language must be used as the first, or second official
language or the main foreign language in several countries of the world. The number of
native speakers of the language does not matter.
For any language to have the status of a global language, 2 important factors are
important.
First, this language is used officially in several countries of the world as the main
means of communication in important areas of the state, such as the government,
judiciary, media and education system. Currently, such an official language status is
reflected in the scale of English, which has an important position in more than 70
countries, such as India, Nigeria, Singapore, Ghana, and Vanuatu. This official importance
of English is quite different from the status achieved by French, German, Spanish, Russian
and Arabic, which have important official importance in many countries.
Secondly, the language can be considered a leader in the framework of foreign
language teaching in several countries of the world, although this language does not have
official importance in these countries. In this case, the language is the main foreign
language that children learn in the educational institutions of the country starting from
elementary school age. In addition, there will be enough opportunities in the country for
adults to learn the language. For example, among Southeast Asian countries, the
Mandarin Chinese language is of particular importance, and in these countries, strong
attention is paid to the teaching of this language. Currently, English is widely taught as a
foreign language in more than 100 countries such as China, Russia, Germany, Spain,
Egypt, and Brazil.
It can be concluded from the above observations that there are several factors for a
language to be the official language of a country. One language can have the status of an
official language of a country, or this status can apply to several languages at the same time.
Sometimes a language has a "semi-official" status and can be used only in certain areas of the
state, or it can have a certain official importance and be secondary to another language.
Many countries officially mention the state language in their constitution (for example,
Uzbekistan, India), and in some countries, it is not specified (for example, Britain).
At the same time, there are several reasons why a language is chosen as the main
foreign language taught in a certain country: historical traditions, political compatibility,
commercial, cultural and technological relations, etc.
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In a well-off society, attention is paid to foreign language teaching through media,
libraries, and educational institutions. Increasing the number and qualifications of
language teachers is considered one of the priority issues in the field of state education.
The availability of educational materials such as books, visual aids, and
telecommunications equipment is ensured. All of the above-mentioned opportunities are
currently available in our country, and all of this is evidence that our country views the
teaching of foreign languages as an urgent issue of today
’
s time. In some countries, due to
insufficient government support and other reasons, language teaching lags behind.
As we know, no society can exist without language, and language cannot be formed
or developed without society. Language is an essential means of communication for all,
whether it is a small tribe, a small nation, or a large nation. Some languages are spoken by
very few people, while others are spoken by millions of people. A polyethnic language is
recognized as a language that is spoken and learned internationally and is used as a
second language by a large number of people. In order to achieve the status of a
polyethnic language, not only the number of speakers of this language (as a mother
tongue and a second language) but also its importance in international organizations and
diplomatic relations, as well as its geographical distribution, play an important role.
We can clearly see this in the example of English, French, Russian, Chinese, German, and
Spanish, which are used by a large number of people in different regions of the world.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, the French language was important in a
number of European countries, Russia, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey, as well as
Egypt, Lebanon, Iran, and South American countries, especially among the
representatives of the intelligentsia, and it was suitable for communication and
diplomatic relations. language, although it lost its former prestige after World War II, it is
still the working language of many international organizations. Currently, apart from
France, French is the official language in countries with large populations, such as the
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Canada, Madagascar, and Cameroon. According to the
data of 2015, French is currently recognized as the only official language in 13 countries
of the world, and as a semi-official language in 16 countries.
Arabic has achieved its international importance as a sacred language in the
Islamic world, particularly in the Middle East and North African countries, as well as in
Muslim societies outside the Arab world (liturgical). Currently, Arabic is used as a semi-
official language in several countries such as Algeria, Sudan, Iraq, Morocco, and Chad, and
as an official language in countries such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, the United Arab
Emirates, Jordan, Libya, Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait.
The standard Chinese language replaced the classical Chinese language, which
served as the historical lingua franca in Far East Asia until the beginning of the 20th
century, and today it is used not only in the state of China itself but also among the
representatives of the population who speak different dialects of the Chinese language in
the countries of the Pacific Ocean. is considered universal and is taught internationally as
a second language.
During the time of the former Soviet Union, the Russian language was an official
language in the member states of the union, and it was considered compulsory to teach
this language in educational institutions. However, the breakup of the former Soviet
Union also had an impact on the demand for language use and learning. Currently,
Russian is the state language of the RSFSR, and it is spoken by 150 million people.
In December 2013, the Russian Ministry of Education noted that the number of Russian
speakers has decreased by 100 million over the past few decades.
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Spanish was the main language used during the Spanish Empire and is now spoken
in Spain and many Latin American countries (except Brazil, French Guinea, Haiti, and the
Caribbean), and is widely spoken in the southern United States. will be changed.
The German language covers a large part of Europe. for several centuries,
especially during the Holy Roman Empire, and later under the rule of Austria-Hungary, it
served as the lingua franca. It has not yet lost its prestige in the international scientific
community and is important as a second language in the countries of Central and Eastern
Europe. German is the state language of the Federal Republic of Germany, and the
Republic of Austria, and the number of speakers of this language exceeds 100 million.
More than 450 million people speak Hindi, which is the official language of the
present-day Republic of India. Although Hindi, Bengali and, to a lesser extent, Tamil, are the
main languages of the Indian subcontinent, which are among the regionally and
internationally recognized languages, this is largely a regional figure. For example, Bengali,
which has a rich literary history (the fifth or sixth most spoken language with 230 million
speakers), has more speakers than native French speakers. ‘more. However, as an
intercontinental language, French is used in international trade and other diplomatic
relations, and it is used as a second language by a significant number of people around the
world. Considering that the majority of Bengali speakers are native Bengali people, it should
be noted that the area of use of this language is limited to its own territory.
According to sources, for a language to achieve the status of a global language,
it should have the following features:
–
Having a large number of speakers;
–
Having a significant number of users of the language as a second language (in the
role of lingua franca);
–
Having official status in several countries;
–
Use in several regions of the world;
–
Being important in multinational societies;
–
Having one or more standards taught as a foreign language;
–
Linguistic significance;
–
Use in international trade relations;
–
Use in international organizations;
–
Use in scientific sources;
The most widely spoken and rapidly spreading language today is undoubtedly
English. According to the latest data, more than 840 million people worldwide use this
language as their mother tongue or as a second language. Also, more than 700 million
people are learning it as a foreign language, of which more than 200 million learners are
from China. It should also be noted that it is very difficult to determine the level and exact
amount of language proficiency of students. Currently, English is used as a business
language or an international language by various nations on all continents of the world.
English is the main language of the European Union and one of the official languages of
the United Nations. English is the leading language for worldwide research.
In today
’
s globalized world, the intricate interplay between language, culture, and
identity has become increasingly prominent, giving rise to diverse linguistic landscapes
characterized by the coexistence and interaction of multiple languages and cultural
traditions. These linguistic landscapes reflect the complex social dynamics of
multicultural societies, where individuals from diverse linguistic and cultural
backgrounds come into contact and engage in various forms of communication.
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One of the defining features of contemporary linguistic landscapes is the
prevalence of modern polyethnic languages, which emerge in multicultural contexts
where speakers from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds interact and exchange
linguistic resources. Modern polyethnic languages are characterized by their hybrid
nature, incorporating vocabulary, grammar, and linguistic features from multiple
linguistic traditions. They serve as linguistic manifestations of cultural hybridity,
reflecting the complex processes of language contact, borrowing, and adaptation that
occur in multicultural settings.
The exploration of modern polyethnic languages within the framework of
multicultural linguistic landscapes offers valuable insights into the dynamics of language
change, language maintenance, and language shift in diverse societies. By examining the
linguistic features, sociolinguistic dynamics, and sociocultural implications of modern
polyethnic languages, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of
multiculturalism and language diversity.
CONCLUSIONS
Furthermore, the study of modern polyethnic languages contributes to broader
discussions about linguistic diversity, language endangerment, and language
revitalization efforts. In multicultural societies where multiple languages coexist, issues
such as language policy, language rights, and language planning become increasingly
important, as communities strive to preserve and promote linguistic diversity while
fostering social cohesion and inclusivity.
Exploring modern polyethnic languages also sheds light on the ways in which
language intersects with other dimensions of identity, such as ethnicity, nationality, and
social class. Language use and language choices are often intricately linked to individuals
’
sense of belonging and cultural identity, making language a powerful tool for expressing
and negotiating identity in multicultural contexts.
In summary, the study of multicultural linguistic landscapes and modern
polyethnic languages offers a rich and multifaceted lens through which to understand the
complexities of contemporary societies. By examining the dynamic interplay between
language, culture, and identity in multicultural settings, researchers can contribute to
broader discussions about diversity, inclusion, and social cohesion in an increasingly
interconnected world.
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