All articles - Nuclear Science and Technology

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. A silicate glass is one of the most interesting materials used by human from ancient times. Despite the wide scientific, technical and domestic use of glass, there are a number of fundamental problems in the glass physics. For example, essential effect of structure of matter (displacement of atoms in the space) on its properties is well known. But the glass structure is the subject of disputes of scientists around the world for about century although many models for it have been suggested. The situation is caused by inefficiency of main experimental investigation methods for crystal structure (diffraction of X-ray, electrons and neutrons) in the glass, which is not long-range ordered and has multi-component character in most interesting and widespread types of glasses. Applicability of the energy band models and following conceptions (effective mass amd mobility of charge carriers) for the glass must be justified in each specific situation as well.
The silicate glass doped with transition metals oxides (mainly RuO2) is functional material for thick film resistors, widely used in modem electronic devices. Investigations of electrical properties of the doped glass have raised additional physical problems. For example, temperature dependence of resistivity />(7) of doped glass at low temperatures (7' < 50 K.) is similar to that of neither crystalline semiconductors (activation law In p - 7’1) nor amorphous materials (Mott’s law In p - Г0’25). The minimum of p(7') is observed at intermediate temperatures which docs not correspond to any existing physical conceptions. Metallic (/; - T or p - 7'2) conductivity follows beyond the minimum on the contrary to the glass conceptions as a dielectric with energy gap more than 3 eV.
The thermoelectric effect in various materials and structures is interesting both in terms of fundamental study of physical processes and practical applications of thermoelectric converters (to generate electric power from renewable sources, to recover waste energy, to cool and to heat). Thermoelectric effects can give information on the density of electrons energy states, on hidden structure (phase) transitions, on a state of electronic subsystem, on electron-phonon interactions. The thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = SaT/к is important for practical use, which is determined by electrical conductivity of a material rr, thermal conductivity к and thermopower (Seebeck coefficient) 5. Here T is working temperature of a thermoelectric converter. Widespread applications of the thermoelectric converters require materials with ZT> 2 in the temperature range 500-1000 K.
But thermoelectric properties of the doped silicate glass are practically unresearched in spite of its promising parameters (high electrical conductivity a ~ 400-4000 Ohm1 m1, low thermal conductivity к ~ 0.5-1 W/(m K.)) that can essentially improve ZT.
That is why an ascertainment of physical mechanisms which can effect charge transport and thermo power generation in doped silicate glass in combination with experimental and theoretical research methods as well as expansion of research area, determination of the corerelations of these phenomena with glass composition and peculiarities of its structure in a wide range of external exposure are actual problems of the glassy state physics and for design of thermoelectrics of high thermoelectric figure of merit made from disposable and safe raw materials.
Legislative base to ensure energetic security and to use alternative energy sources is generated and a number of practical solutions were done in the Republic of Uzbekistan in years of Independence. These are “Agreement of Members States of Commonwealth of Independent States on the field of Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving” (Kishinev, October 7, 2003), Decree of the President of Republic of Uzbekistan No UP-4512 “On the measures for further development of alternative energy sources” (March 1, 2013) and Decision of the President of Republic of Uzbekistan PP-1929 “On organization of the International Institute of Solar Energy” (March 1, 2013), Decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No 265 “On the measures for organization of the International Institute of Solar Energy” (September 25, 2013), arrangement of companies “Uzbckcncrgo” and Suntech Power (PRC) on the foundation of joint venture to produce photovoltaic panels of 100 MW output on the basis of newest technologies at the Navoi exclusive economic zone, outlined formation of solar power station of 100 MW output in the Samarkand region by obtaining funds of Asian Development Bank.
This research work is oriented to realize regulations of the “National Conception of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Renewable Energy Sources” (approved by the Senate of Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, October 2008) by designing new thermoelectric materials. Intensification of the investigations oriented to design new and cheap thermoelectric materials to improve the efficiency of renewable sources energy conversion and waste energy recovering is the main factor of needs for the dissertation theme.
Purpose of research is search for the physical mechanism determining the electrical conductivity and the thermopower coefficient of the silicate glass doped with oxides of 3c/- and 4rf-transition metals as well as correlations of these properties with the glass and dopant composition, synthesis conditions to create the scientific basis for designing the effective thermoelectric materials.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
New physical phenomenon is observed in silicate glasses — sharp growth of specific resistance and thermopower coefficient (up to 10 and 100 times, respectively, depending on composition of glass) at T> 1000 K;
Existence of 1-2 nm large nanocrystals and structure transitions at high tcmpctaturcs in silicate glass is experimentally proven;
Diffuse mechanism of charge percolation levels formation in doped glass is proposed and experimentally justified;
It is demonstrated that the percolation threshold is reduced or even vanishes in doped glass as the result of combination of diffusion and percolation laws;
Influence of glass composition and doping type, temperature and doping time on percolation threshold and electric conductivity is proved to be a result of diffusion zone formation around the doping particles and conductivity increase in the glass itself from о ~ IO16 Ohm'cm'1 to 40-400 Ohm'cm'1 in this zone;
The mechanism of doped glass conductivity is proposed and experimentally justified to explain the temperature dependence of conductivity in the interval 0.015-1123 К as result of combination of impurity subband, formed in diffusion process, with nanocrystals in the glass; effect of the electron-phonon interactions on these processes is established;
The minimum observed in resistivity is explained as a result of merge of impurity band with the valence band in glass and consequent “metallic” state p T or p - I2 in doped glass at T ~ 77-700 К as a result of predominant scattering of charge carriers on phonons and on each other;
It is demonstrated that electric conductivity of 40-400 Ohm’'em'1, thermal conductivity 0.5-1 W-rn'K.'1 and thermopower coefficient 1.1 mV/К. in the range 800-1000 К can lead to increased thermoelectric efficiency of doped glasses.
CONCLUSION
1. It is shown that the glass becomes conductive due to diffusion of dopant atoms into the emolliated glass, and the percolation threshold corresponds to the overlapping of the diffusion zones which are formed around the dopant particles. The volume of these zones can be essentially higher than the volume of the dopant particles, and is affected by parameters of the doping process (temperature and duration) as well as the composition of the glass and the dopant, so the percolation threshold can be observed at very low content of the dopant (about 1 mass % or, probably, even less, instead of 16 mass % predicted by the percolation theory).
2. It has been shown by EXAFS method that the local glass structure, namely coordination of the lead atoms, effects essentially the doped glasses conductivity. Coordination of Ru atoms in the doped glass depends on structure of initial glass as well as on doping duration.
3. The abnormal increase of the resistance and thermopower has been revealed in the doped glasses in the temperature range 700-1000 K. These anomalies have been shown to be the consequence of structural transitions in the nanocrystals of lead silicates and the residues of silica, which have been formed in the glass during the melting and doping.
4. The lower limit of carriers' concentration (about 102Ocm'3) and effective mass (mef ~ 3.3- 102mo) of charge carriers have been estimated in the doped glasses.
One may conclude, therefore, that the doped glasses are the system of polaron conductivity.
5. It is shown that doping of the silicate glass being dielectric with the forbidden band nearby 3.3 eV creates the impurity subband of width 0.026 eV or less, separated from the top of the valence band by small (0.01-0.02 eV) gap. At high temperatures, structural transitions of silicate nanocrystals separate the impurity subband from the valence band, and beyond the maximum of resistance (at temperatures above 950-1000 K) the sample becomes semiconductor with activation energy E„ of conductivity from 0.095 up to 1.5 eV depending on the doped glasses' composition and the doping level.
6. It was determined that temperature dependence R(T) of the doped glass in the range from helium up to 1200 К is the result of impurity subband formation and presence of nanocrystals. Nanocrystals act as effective localization centers of free charge carriers and two mechanisms of conductivity - thermal activation and hopping - operate simultaneously at low temperatures. The dependence 7?(7) = A cxp(Z?7's) with 0.4 < f < 0.8 often observed in experiments is caused by electronphonon interactions leading to variations of the gap width with temperature.
7. The physical mechanism of metallic conductivity p(T) - T or /Д 7) ~ T2 of doped glass near room temperature is revealed. It is shown that narrow gap between the impurity subband and the valence band of glass can vanish as temperature increases, free carriers concentration becomes constant (like that in metals) and carriers' scattering will be a major cause of temperature dependence on conductivity.
8. The doped silicate glasses have high density of electronic states in the impurity subband located close to the top of the valence band, so they can be an effective and cheap thermoelectric material for renewable energy conversion and the energy waste recovery.

Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. During control of the processes of production, transmission, distribution and consumption of power energy determining importance is accuracy, sensitivity, linearity and commonality parameters of the elements end devices of control systems with primary facilities of transformationing current, because inaccurasy of the control of power and paramentrs will accompany with significant negative economical damage. The development of the complex approach, providing energy and resource saving on base of efficiently control sources of reactive power, expansion of the functional possibilities, simplification of designs, reduction of weight and volume factors, improvement of the technologies of fabrication, provision of the remote measuring processes, transformation of the current based on the usage of the modem primary measuring transdusers is actual problem of the control devices and elements of energy system. Herewith, the primary measuring current transdusers, being the main section information-measuring and controlling systems, completely define the technical and economical factors of energy system.
Development and application of the modem current transdusers follows principle and requirements of the standarts of system instrument and facilities of automations (GOST CIS 13109-97, EN-50160, МЕК 1000-3x 61000-2x and etc.), the mains from which arc follows:
block-module principle of construction, providing versatility of the transdusers of current, when using the rational minimum of constructive elements and devices of modem technologies;
a restriction of the primary transdusers of current, norm of modules, when ensuring their information, energetic, metrological, constructive and structured compatibility on the base of consequent unifications and standardizations.
At present cmplocmcnt of the electromagnetic transdusers of three-phase current with unified output value, expansion of the spectrum converted electric values is limited, because of the insufficient dcvclopcmcnt of the methods of calculation and research of portioned magnetic systems of the transdusers. The classical methods of research of the magnetic circuits do not provid necessary accuracy due to the asymmetries of the three-phase primary currents of electric network, which do not possess the sufficient generality, coverring herewith only main varieties of the circuits of electric and magnetic nature. The magnetic systems of the transformation with non linear parameters and features of the primary current of electric network of energy system during calculations has been taken as a object with concentrated parameters.
Besides, classical single-phase transformers of the current to current have complex transdusing part, weight and volume of the factors labour-consuming when designing and usages in combined control system, do not provide the commonality of the output value under joint work with microprocessors and electronics technology information systems. They do not take into account the nature of magnetic flow, created by current of the three-phase electric network of energy system.
This research work is oriented on practical realization of the Resolutions of the Cabinet Minister of the Republics of Uzbekistan number 245 from 22 of the September, 2008 - «Rules of the use of electric and heat energy» and in number 295 from 1 of the November, 2013 «About additional measure on improvement of the activity GSC «Uzbckcncrgo» and strengthening of the discipline calculation for consumed electric energy».
Coming there of decisions of the enumerated problems requires undertaking the special researchs and developments, in accordance with making the methods and algorithm, capable to realize checking of validity of information on value and parameter to electric energy of three-phase electric network ES based on modem elements and devices of the checking and combined control. Given circumstance conditions need for the development and introduction of reliable, unified, exact electromagnetic transdusers of the current to voltage, taking into account nonsymmetry of current to three-phase electric network, differring from them in size and on phase, than is explained urgency there arc research.
Purpose of research the development of theories and designing the electromagnetic transdusers one and multyphascs primary current to secondary voltage with flat measuring windings for multifunction control source of reactive power and creation of their base of energy and rcsoursc saving in energy systems.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
designed of technology of translation of primary current to voltage on base of the electromagnetic converters of the current with flat measuring winding and device for acceptance, processing and control of systems of multifunction control reactive power of energy systems;
designed of graph models, allowing graphically, effectively and with high formalization of research of problems of multifunction control reactive power of energy systems on base of the electromagnetic converters with flat measuring winding, as well as certain principles of their building, magnetic systems of the transformation, the main features and sources of inaccurasy;
designed of algorithms and methods of the building of the features of the electromagnetic converters with flat measuring winding: steady-state under lumpy and nonlinear parameter of the magnetic systems; dynamic under symmetrical and asymmetrical electric load;
designed of algorithms and models of the calculation of the influence of the sources of inaccuracy of the electromagnetic converters of the current to voltage with flat measuring winding, is realized by categorization of the sources of inaccuracy;
designed of algorithms and methods rational structured and parametric designing on base of the criterion: linearities of the steady state features, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability;
designed methods of the building design electromagnetic converters one- and three-phase primary current in secondary voltage of the electric network of the power systems under multifunction control source to reactive power, being up to quality rational cnergo- and resourccc saving systems, taking into account nonsymctricy when checking and control in size and phase current to three-phase electric network, providing adequacy of the factors quality and change primary and secondary values.
CONCLUSION
In dissertation for combined control of values and parameters of three-phase current of electric networks and reactive power ES, based on theoretical and experimental research is designed: principles of the building of the electromagnetic transdusers of the current to voltage with flat measuring winding; the corresponding to mathematical models; the algorithms of the research and designing; as well as methods of the calculation that has allowed to solve a problem development and construction efficient electromagnetic transdusers one- and poliphasc primary current topsecondary voltage.
Arc they in total received following main results:
1. Motivated that using flat measuring windings in electromagnetic trunsduser of the current to voltage as detector element, provides the reception unified out signal with parameter: voltage - 20 V, current - 100 mA and allows develop new in electromagnetic trunsduser of the current to voltage whith flat measuring windings, being up to quality combined autocontrol system of reactive power of energy systems.
2. Installed that value out voltages Ueout depends on degree of pcrpcndiculary and uniformities of the crossing the magnetic flow area flat measuring windings, optimal resistances and conductivities complex portioned area and structures of the magnetic system of the transformation of the electromagnetic trunsduser of the current to voltage.
3. The Best values out voltages Ueoill arc provided at value of the air clearance - S equal - 0,002 - 0,003 m and numbers whorl flat measuring windings - WFMW equal -3-4.
4. Designed graphic model, allowing analyse the principles of the building; distribution magnetic flow in hinge magnitwire; the main features, as well as the sources of error electromagnetic trunsduser of the current to voltage whith flat measuring windings.
5. It Is Installed that influence of the secondary current Icout flat measuring windings of the current to voltage transdusers of the forms 0,017 % from normalized importances in primary current lein. When change a temperature surrounding ambicnces, inaccuracy of the transformation increases 0,03 %, wrong fabrication form flat measuring windings - 0,07 %.
6. Accounting entropy inaccuracy of the transdusers of the current to voltage does not exceed 0,2%, but experimental importance of inaccuracy electromagnetic trunsduser of the current to voltage whith flat measuring windings forms 0,21%.
7. The Calculation is installed that total reliability combined autocontrol system source of reactive power of the power systems on the base of electromagnetic trunsduser of the current to voltage whith flat measuring windings forms the best value, equal 0,96.
8. Designed methods of the building design electromagnetic converters onc-and three-phase primary current in secondary voltage of the electric network of the power systems under multifunction control source to reactive power, being up to quality rational cnergo- and resourccc saving systems, taking into account nonsymctricy when checking and control in size and phase current to three-phase electric network, providing adequacy of the factors quality and change primary and secondary values.
9. Used automatically controlled of the sources of reactive power in electric sets and power devices with installed power 50 kVt and voltage till 500 kV, allowed increasing of capacitypower ecuipmcnt and электроприемников and energy- and resource saving rejime of electron elements of control voltage 61,8 V instead 57,5 V for 4,31 V (7,5%) more voltage of one phases line and on 1,73 * 7,5% = 12,9% on linear voltage of the power supply of control system.
10. Emplocd electromagnetic converters of the current to voltage in electric sets of the systems of power supply more than 20 enterprises shows of accuracy and automations of control source of reactive power, have allowed to reduce the loss to electric powers on 11,26% under normative importance 13,29% (have provided the reduction of the technological consuption to electric powers on 1,13 mlrd. kVtx hour)of account due to increasing of the class of accuracy of elements controle system of reactive power of the power systems from 1,0 to 0,5.

Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. The establishment of regularities of fragmentation of relativistic nuclei in interactions with hadrons and nuclei is one of the fundamental problems of relativistic nuclear physics. Herewith, the experimental and phenomenological investigations of the processes of fragmentation of relativistic nuclei in hadron- and nucleus-nucleus collisions, allowing one to obtain the important information about cluster structure of the fragmenting nuclei (especially the light ones), its influence on cross-section of formation and content of fragments, as well as about contributions of different processes in their yield, play an important role. At collision energies of several GeV/nucleon, the fragmentation of nuclei is a dominant process accounting for about 80% of the reaction total cross-section. It is of special interest to study experimentally the processes of fragmentation of light relativistic even-even nuclei, such as l2C, l6O, and 20 Ne, because we expect the dominant manifestation of an а-cluster structure in these nuclei.
We still do not have the answer to the question whether the a-cluster structure is stationary or dynamic one manifesting itself at some definite levels of excitation of the fragmenting light nucleus, especially of the even-even nucleus. The effective method of testing the а-cluster structure of the fragmenting nucleus is the study of formation of a-particles at different levels of excitation of the projectile nucleus.
Also, it is of some definite interest to discover the strongly correlated few nucleon associations and multibaryon clusters in nuclei, existence of which was predicted by several models based on the quark-parton structure of hadrons. The solution of this problem is directly related with the experimental investigation of the processes of formation of particles in the kinematical region, forbidden for the particles formed in collisions of free nucleons, in hadron- and nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energies.
Due to above, it is of topical interest to conduct the systematic and complex study of nucleus fragmentation with identification of all possible fragments and secondary produced particles, and to measure precisely and determine their kinematical characteristics in wide ranges of collision energies and mass numbers of colliding nuclei on statistically rich experimental material to allow one to extract the new regularities of nucleus fragmentation.
It is of demand to obtain the precise data on cross-sections of formation of all possible isotopes of fragmenting nuclei, necessary for working out and testing the theoretical models and approaches for description of the phenomenon of nucleus fragmentation, and also for modeling the interaction of the primary cosmic radiation with nuclei of atmosphere. Besides, the experimental data on the mean multiplicity (inclusive cross-sections) of light fragments - protons, deuterons, tritium and helium-3 nuclei, formed in interactions of relativistic nuclei with hydrogen are of extreme demand for solution of one of the important problems of astrophysics - the passage of flux of particles through the interstellar medium.
The aim of research is to obtain a qualitatively new and quantitative information about the process of fragmentation of oxygen nuclei in interactions with protons at 3.25 A GeV/с and the establishment of the basic mechanisms of formation of protons, including cumulative in n’,p,a,C(C) and p(16O,2(>Ne) collisions in the range of primary energies 3-300 GeV.
Scientific novelty of the dissertational research is as following results done for the first time:
for the first time, stable and non-stable isotopes formation cross-sections were precisely measured for isotopes with Z = 1-8 in I6Op-collisions at 3.25 A GeV/c, and it was shown that mirror nuclei formation cross-sections coincide within statistical errors; 
in л C-, p20Ne- 16Op-collisions at 40 GeV/c, 300 GeV/с and 3.25 A GeV/c, respectively, contribution from major proton production mechanisms was estimated by means of semi-empirical method. It was demonstrated that these contributions do not depend on the energies and mass numbers of fragmenting light nucleus and are sensitive to the type of incident particle (pion or proton);
it was established that the mechanisms of formation of fast protons (p > 0.25 GeV/c) in l6Op, p12C, л l2C, p20Ne collisions at 3.25 A GeV/c, 9.9 GeV/c, 40 GeV/c, and 300 GeV/c, respectively, do not depend on the primary energy, type of the impinging particle or the light fragmenting nucleus, as well as the degree of excitation of the fragmenting nuclei (nuclear scaling);
the main mechanisms of deuteron formation, connected with the fusion of the cascade nucleons, Fermi breakup of the excited remnant nucleus, breakups of the comparatively fast light fragments and direct quasi-elastic knocking out the deuterons from oxygen nuclei by protons, in I6Op collisions at 3.25 A GeV/c were established;
the cross-sections of formation of the intermediate states of (sBe, 9B, l2C*) nuclei in l6Op collisions at 3.25 A GeV/c and their contributions along with 5He, ’Li nuclei to the inclusive cross-section of formation of a-particles were determined. The contribution of the breakup of the excited l2C* nuclei to the channel of formation of three a-particles was determined to be (38 ± 3)% of the cross-section of this channel;
it was proved that the formation of cumulative protons in l6Op, p'2C, л-12С, p20Ne, a12C, and 12CI2C collisions at 3.25 A GeV/c, 4.2 GeV/c, 9.9 GeV/c, 40 GeV/c, 300 GeV/c, and 4.2 A GeV/c, respectively, occurs through the collision of the impinging hadron with “fluctons”, formed as a result of fluctuation of the nucleon density of a nucleus in its ground state.
CONCLUSION
1. For the first time, under 4л acceptance conditions, a systematic analysis for the formation of proton fragments was carried out in l6Op collisions at 3.25 A GeV/c and it was shown that:
• shape of momentum spectrum of protons at p>0.25 GeV/c (except «evaporated» ones), emitted into the front hemisphere in the system of rest of the fragmenting nucleus, does not depend on the degree of the nucleus excitation;
• shape of momentum spectrum of protons, moving into the back hemisphere in the system of rest of the fragmenting nucleus, is strongly correlated with its degree of excitation;
• an irregularity observed in the spectrum of kinetic energy of fast protons in the region of T=70~90 MeV in the oxygen rest frame is shown to be due to the decay of two nucleon system after absorbing the slow pion;
• the basic mechanisms for the proton formation (“evaporation” mechanism, mechanism of Fermi decay of the excited remnant nucleus, and mechanism of direct knock out of protons at the process of cascading) were identified and their statistical weights (contributions) estimated to be (27.4±0.5)%, (32.0±0.6)%, and (40.6±0.7)%, respectively.
2. Based on an analysis of the normalized invariant inclusive differential cross-section of the proton formation in l6Op interactions at 3.25 A GeV/c, pl2C collisions at 9,9 GeV/c, n-12C interactions at 40 GeV/c, and p2<)Ne collisions at 300 GeV/c the conclusion was made that the mechanism of fast proton formation, especially those moving forward, have an universal character, expressed in its independence on the primary energy and type of impinging particle or the light fragmenting nucleus.
3. For the first time, a three stage phenomenological model for the analytical description of distribution of proton multiplicities in n C collisions at 40 GeV/c, p2()Ne collisions at 300 GeV/c and l6Op collisions at 3.25 A GeV/c was developed and the contributions for the main mechanisms of proton formation -«evaporation», Fermi decay and direct knocking out of by the primary proton and secondary particles were determined. It was established that these contributions are independent from the energy and mass number of light fragmentation nucleus, but are sensitive to the type of projectile particle (pion or proton), i.e. to the number of its valent quarks. It is necessary to point out that the values of these contributions (fractions) for p20Ne-collisions at 300 GeV/c and 16Op collisions at 3.25 A GeV/c coincide within uncertainties with the values determined from an analysis of the invariant structure function of protons, formed in l6Op interactions at 3.25 A GeV/c.
4. In the momentum spectrum of “forward deuterons” in the system of rest of the oxygen nucleus in the region of 0.40 < p < 0.55 GeV/c a shoulder was observed, which could be due to the fusion mechanism of fast cascade nucleons, decays of the relatively fast light fragments, and also due to the direct quasi elastic knocking out of deuteron from the oxygen nucleus by the primary proton. Average multiplicities of fragments correlate with availability of a deuteron in an event, but are independent from mechanism of deuteron formation. Coalescence model describes successfully the momentum spectrum of fast deuterons and a-particles.
5. A systematic comparison of experimental data on oxygen nucleus fragmentation in 16Op collisions at 3.25 A GeV/c with the CFEM model predictions was made. It was shown that for the realistic description of a nucleus fragmentation processes in hadron-nucleus collisions at high energies it is necessary to take into account the contribution of “evaporation” mechanism (even for such light nuclei as l6O), mechanism of fusion of fast cascade nucleons, and also an а-cluster structure of light nuclei in the CFEM model. The necessity for taking into account the small angular moment acquired by the fragmenting nucleus was proved.
6. Formation of a-particles in l6Op reactions and in different topological channels of oxygen nucleus disintegration was investigated, and their momentum and angular spectra were analyzed. Phenomenological models of formation of a-particles through breakup of intermediate nuclei xBe, 9B and excited nucleus 12C* were worked out and tested. In particular, it was established that:
• dominant channel of multifragmentation was a disintegration of oxygen nucleus with emission of helium nuclei, part of them being the products of decay of short - lived 5Li, 5He, xBe, 9B, and l2C* nuclei;
• in the channels of formation of 3 and 4 a-particles, a collinearity caused by decays of the instable xBe and 9B nuclei was revealed;
• for the first time, the contributions of the channels of decays of xBe and 9B nuclei and that of the excited 12C* nucleus into the inclusive channel of formation of a-particles were established quantitatively;
• contribution of the excited nucleus I2C* decays into the channel of formation of 3 a-particles was proved to be about 38% of the cross-section of this channel, and the remaining part of the cross-section of this channel was realized through the direct Fermi decay or quasi elastic knocking out of a single а-cluster from the weakly bound remnant nucleus, containing three a-particles;
• from the analysis of the angular spectrum of two-, three-, and four-nucleon fragments, the hint on the existence of an angular moment of the fragmenting remnant nucleus was obtained; the effect became more intensive at the transition from the lighter to the heavier fragments.
7. For the first time, under the conditions of 4л: acceptance, cross-sections of formation of stable and instable isotopes with charges Z=l-8 in l6Op collisions at 3.25 A GeV/c were measured. It was shown that cros sections for the formation of “mirror” nuclei with mass numbers, differing on AA = ± 1 from the basic mass number defined as A = 2Z, coincided within statistical errors. The cross-sections for the yields of instable isotope 9B and its “mirror” stable isotope 9Be also coincided within statistical uncerainties. A regularity observed can also be extended to the mirror nuclei (l5N, l5O), formed as a result of a loss of one nucleon by initial l6O nucleus in the peripheral collisions with target protons.
8. For the first time, the formation of cumulative protons in I6Op interactions at 3.25 A GeV/c, pl2C collisions at 4.2 GeV/c and 9,9 GeV/c, n-l2C- interactions at 40 GeV/c, p20Ne collisions at 300 GeV/c, and in a12C and 12C12C collisions at 4.2 A GeV/c was studied in detail and it was shown that:
• the values of a slope parameter for the distributions of invariant inclusive cross-sections of formation of the cumulative protons depending on the cumulative number [3 showed the universal character («nuclear scaling »), expressed by their independence from the type of projectile or target and the primary energy;
• an independence of the mean multiplicity of the cumulative protons in cumulative events from the same target nucleus on the primary energy and type of a projectile was established. It was shown that formation of cumulative protons proceeds predominantly through the «cold» model scenario. The argument for this version of scenario is based on the independence of the fraction of cumulative events on the mass number of a projectile nucleus or particle.
• an absence of correlations between mechanisms of formation of cumulative protons and secondary particles and fragments was revealed;
9. An independence of mechanisms of formation of light fragments was established. The correlation phenomena observed in experiment are the consequences of conservation laws for energy - momentum, electrical and baryon charges in the processes of fragmentation of nuclei.
The main framework of the researches conducted in the dissertation is the systematic and complex study of the processes of fragmentation of light nuclei in a wide range of primary energies with the use of a single methodology. The overwhelming majority of the results, included in this thesis, were obtained for the first time, and these data allow for a deeper and more detailed understanding of characteristics and properties of nuclei, fragmenting under an action of high energy particles and relativistic nuclei.
The problems, set in the dissertation, on complex experimental and phenomenological study of fragmentation processes and establishement of the dominant processes in formation of protons and light fragments in the л", p, a, C (C) and p (16O, 20Ne) collisions in a range of primary energies 3-300 GeV were fully solved.
Results of the dissertation work give a wide practical material for the test of theoretical models and approaches at investigation of problems of fragmentation of nuclei in hadron- and nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energies and can be used for the development of the theory of strong interactions, and can also be used for planning and carriying out the new experiments on the ion accelerators.
Data on cross-sections of formation of stable and unstable isotopes produced in interactions of oxygen nuclei with protons at high energies, obtained in the present thesis, can find their application in space physics and cosmochemical studies for determination of characteristics of the processes of cosmogenic nucleosynthesis.

Subjects of research: isomeric states of atomic nuclei with 110 < A < 144
Purpose of the work: To receive new experimental data about relative probability of excitation of isomeric states of nuclei with 110 < A < 144 in photonuclear and neutron reactions in the 10-35 MeV energy range.
Methods of research: The induced radioactivity method, method of monitors.
The results obtained and their novelty: The isomeric yield ratios and cross sections ratios of the (y,n) and (n,2n) reactions on nuclei of ll()Pd, 120'I22'124-128'130'pe) l42Nd, and l44Sm are measured by the induced radioactivity method. The energy dependence of the isomeric yield ratios of the photonuclear reactions ll0Pd(y,n)l09mgPd, 142Nd(y,n) 141m,8Nd, and l44Sm(y,n)143mgSm is investigated in the energy range 14-35 MeV with energy step of 1 MeV. The energy dependence of isomeric yield ratios of the ll0Pd(y,n)l09m’8Pd, l42Nd(y,n) l4lmgNd, and l44Sm(y,n)l43mgSm, was determined for the first time in the range of excitation energies higher than giant dipole resonance (i.e., in the 21-35 MeV range). The measurement results showed that values of the isomeric yield ratio Ут/Yg rose from the reaction’s threshold to the energy corresponding to the position of the maximum of the giant dipole resonance, Em. The function d(EymaK) = Tni/Tg for energies higher than Em has the form of saturation curve. The experimental values of the isomeric integral cross sections ratios photonuclear reactions ll6Cd(y,n)ll5mgCd, l34Ba(y,n)l33mgBa, 136Ba(y,n)135mgBa, 138Ba(y,n)l37mgBa and 138Ce(y,n)137mgCe have been measured for the first time at maximum bremsstrahlung 30 MeV.
Practical value: The received results can be used at studying the mechanism nuclear reactions and also for an estimation of basic possibilities of the gamma activation analysis and by working out of new concrete techniques of the analysis and planning of experiments.
Degree of embed and economic effectively: Results of researches can be use at working out of a technique multielement scale and neutron activation the analysis of various objects.
Field of application: nuclear physics, applied nuclear physics, gamma-activation analysis.

Subject of research: tenzosensitivity films of ВьТез, SbjTej got under vacuum evaporation, high compensated silicon with deep level, flint p-n-transition, AGP film CdTe and Si.
Purpose of work: is a study of mechanism origin EMF in p-n-transition in strong microwave field.
The description in tenzosensitivities film by methods R(s) path and thermodynamics of the roundrobin processes.
Methods of research: the methods R(s) path in theories of the fluctuations. Modeling deforming effect. The Numerical experiments.
The results obtained and their novelty:
1. For the first time it is shown, that EMF arising due to non-uniform distribution of an electromagnetic field reduces vortical currents in p-n-transition.
2. The method of phase portraits for the first time is applied to research of deformation effects in semiconductors. The method of phase portraits allows to interpret all possible processes from one point of view.
3.Influence of illumination by own light on R (e) dependences of deformation effects Is established. It is shown, that factor tenzosensitivities the shined p-n-transition and own semiconductor it is possible to operate deformation £0, frequency and intensity of light.
Practical value: Method phase path can be use when checking the features semiconductor. The Results studies of tenzosensitivity can be used at development a new tenzogauges.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: results of work can be applied in electronic industry, in the field of power and in development of new kinds of strain gauges. Can are useful in scientific researches by definition of concentration generation the centers and speed of generation in semiconductors. The received results can be used in educational process in higher educational institutions.
Field of application: Microelectronics, solid state physics, physics semiconductor, optoelectronics.

Subjects of research: polaron, bipolaron, cuprates.
Purpose of work: development of small polaron Holstein model, taking into account long-range electron-phonon interaction to establish the possible existence of a polaron with a small mass and explain the value of the mass of the charge carrier, infrared absorption, and the high values of the superconducting transition temperature in cuprate high-temperature superconductors.
Methods of research: method of secondary quantization, Lang-Firsov transformation, perturbation theory method, quasiclassical approach (WK.B method), Frank-Condon principle, nonadiabatic and adiabatic approaches.
The results obtained and their novelty: condensed matter theory, theory of strongly interacting system of electrons and phonons, in particular theory of lattice Holstein polarons with long-range electron-phonon interaction are developed. Besides that in the thesis a theory of pairing of two polarons is developed and a new theory of influence of external pressure (strain) on the temperature of Bose-Einstein condensation of lattice bipolarons is proposed.
Practical value: lies in the possibility of their use in general for the development of solid-state theory, the theory of interacting electron-phonon systems, in particular the Holstein’s lattice-polaron theory. In addition, from a practical point of view, the developed methods allow us to calculate the mass of the charge carrier in the cuprates, to calculate the optical conductivity of polarons, assess the conditions of existence of two-site bipolaron, and the superconducting transition temperature based on the bipolaron model of superconductivity.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The work is fundamental and its results can be used for theoretical interpretation of experimental data on the effective mass of carriers in the cuprates, the optical (IR) absorption of the cuprates, the order parameter of superconductivity in cuprates and in experiments on the effect of external pressure (strain) at superconducting transition temperature of cuprates.
Field of application: condensed matter physics and high temperature superconducting material science.

Subjects of research: impact and non-impact formation of defects in quartz crystals containing various types of structure defects.
Purpose of the work: To study the influence of the structure transformations in quartz crystals on the processes of impact and non-impact formation of additional point structure imperfections.
Methods of research: standard optical methods, study of defects depth distribution of the defects caused by p, d and a-particles in layers of quartz crystals.
The results obtained and their novelty: For the first time, the influence of change in type and increase in concentration of defects at particular depth in the damaged layers of the quartz crystal on the processes of impact and non-impact formation of additional structure defects was studied. It was demonstrated that the nucleus of amorphous phase (AP), containing E\- centres and NBOHC, are formed in the layer of crystal damaged by elastic energy losses by p, d and a - particles. Such increase in AP nucleus concentration at particular depth of the damaged layer increases the probability of impact and nonimpact formation of additional point defects. The efficiency of impact formation of additional point defects in the layers of the quartz crystals damaged by p, d and a -particles in the layers, containing point defects and some individual AP nuclei, is higher than in the continuous quasi-amorphous layer. It is shown that the probability of nonimpact formation of additional point defects increases with change in type and increase of concentration of preliminary structure imperfections. In the quartz crystals, containing the mixture of a -, P- and amorphous phases, the efficiency of non-impact formation of additional - centres in amorphous phase of quartz increases with the p - phase concentration.
Practical value: The results of this work make a significant contribution to the theory of radiation-induced structure defects in solids, and are of special importance for determination of the impact and non-impact formation of additional point defects dependence on the type and concentration of preliminary structure imperfections in quartz crystals.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The results of research work can be used when modifying the quartz crystals synthesis, and when solving problems, connected with the study and construction of new radiation-stable and sensitive materials on the basis of various structure modifications of SiCK
Field of application: fiber optics, crystal growth, optic instrument industry, solid-state physics.

Subjects of research: Si[.xGex single crystals, mctal-Si|.xGex contacts, Schottky diodes.
Purpose of work: the purpose of this work is to study the properties of a mctal-Sq. xGex, depending on the type of metals, taking into account the germanium content and surface states in the Si|.xGex bulk alloys.
Method of research: electron beam floating zone technique, method of conductivity modulation, X-ray microanalysis, photoclcctrical and electrophysical methods of characterization,
The results obtained and their novelty: in this work, the growth technology of of Si|.xGex single-crystal has been improved. Homogeneous Si!.xGex single crystals with a low dislocation density (~ 102-104 cm'2) and high-lifetime (~ 600 ms) of minority current carriers has been grown by electron-beam floating zone technique;
- for the first time the data on the height of Schottky barriers based on Au, Al has been obtained. It sharply changes at small content of Ge, and then remains practically unchanged. The data confirm the conclusion on passivation of the alloy surface from the enrichment of the crystal surface by Gc atoms, proposed before on the basis of studies Au-Si|.xGex <Li>;
- for the Ti-Si|.xGex contact has been observed monotonic increase of the barrier with increasing of Ge content, whereas for Ni-Si].xGex due to formation of a nickel germanide layer the elcctrophysical properties is not described by well known expressions for IV and VF characteristics for Schottky barrier;
- the M-Si|.xGex Schottky diodes based on gold and aluminum fabricated on the surface with different surface states densities has been investigated for the first time. It has been shown that the height of the barrier correlates with the surface state density and the germanium content.
Practical value: the experimental results on fabricating the M-Si|.xGex Schottky barriers on the base of bulk Si].xGex solid solutions, and on effect of Ge content to the passivation of surface states is of interest to the physics of semiconductor solid solutions and can be used for manufacturing semiconductor devices, particularly for infrared and nuclear radiation detectors based on Si(.xGex solid solutions.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: part of obtained scientific results was used for research of radiation hardness and elcctrophysical properties of Si|.xGex devices under irradiation by neutrons, electrons and X-ray.
Field of application: physics of solid state, semiconductor physics, instrumentation.

The relevance and demanding of the dissertation the theme. Currently, in the world in the field of safety of buildings and structures for various purposes it occupies leading places on the basis of the creation of innovative ideas and technologies of the new generation of effective means of fire safety. To the “Fire statistics mainly in the world cause of fires to the human’s life activity safety, the amount of damage falls to the economy and ecology”1. Due to the rapid growth of science-technics development, modem industrial facilities and increasing of the number of buildings with complex structural solution of fire safety of these and other types of objects to provide quality of fire safety are one of the important problems. In this direction in the developed countries of the world, it has been paid particularly attention to increase the issues of fire safety building constructions and items fire safety, producing based on mineral raw materials and improvement of highly effective and combined flame retardant materials.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan it is conducted large-scale measures to ensure the fire safety of buildings and structures creation and improvement of modem flame retardants and systems. In this field, including the creation of on the basis of local raw materials, new flame retardants provide fire resistance of building structures and materials, to improve the quality of technical means of preventing fires, to ensure the appropriate development of flame retardants with an accelerating pace of technology, are conducted a series of research investigations.
In the world to provide fire safety of building and constructions as “passive” type of fire protection insulating and intumescent coatings to create them with modem technologies and effective ways based on building constructions and improve of fire retardants have especial place. In this direction to conduct implementation of targeted research is one of the important aims of the following areas such as the development of technologies and the components that form the basis of flame retardants; improving the development of thermo physics and thermochemical processes functioning flame retardants; minerals widespread in the nature based on heat and fire retardant highly effective new generation cover as well as the development of compact and efficient methods for assessing fire-retardant and fire-extinguishing properties of the compounds used. Abovementioned scientific-research works are commented the topicality of this dissertation theme carrying out with the scientific investigations.
This dissertation research is to a certain extent the tasks provided for in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “About fire safety” (2009), the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № PP-1048 on January 27, 2009 “On the program of localization of production of finished products, components and materials based on industrial cooperation in 2009”, the Decree of The Cabinet Ministers № 89 on March 28, 2013 “About fire safety “ to implement the measures about the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan” as well as in other legal instruments adopted this sphere 
The aim of the investigation is to create protective means against fire base of local mineral raw materials.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
developed effective highly dispersed fillers based on mineral vermiculite with refractory and insulating properties;
vermiculites obtained with improved physical-technical and thermal properties, provides an effective increase in fire safety: vermiculite at a relatively low and high temperature of swelling; vermiculite types with extended a well-preserved porosity;
the finely dispersed of vermiculite minerals influence of ultra sound and chemical reagents with modification ways of improvement were worked out via vermiculite fire protection function;
worked out new components of multiple stage protection of fire retardant onthe base of modified finely dispersed vermiculites providing wood building materials to hard bum group according state standard (GOST 12.1.044);
worked out new fireproof silicate paints on the base of modified finely dispersed vermiculites technology;
worked out non-flammable insulation material on the base of exfoliated vermiculite, intended for use as fire barriers;
developed inorganic nonflammable foam developed on the base of fine dispersed vermiculite and phosphoric acid;
Ddeveloped new liquid fire-extinguishing compositions on the base of fine dispersed vermiculites and the method of assessing the effectiveness of extra index and the way of definition.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of studies on the doctoral dissertation on the topic “Creating a fire-resistant coatings and heat insulation fillers based on the local mineral resources” are presented the following conclusions:
1. It was produced that the major mechanism of the mineral vermiculite Tebinbulak different dispersed fractions of acoustic field by the influence of chemical reagents breaking up processes of mechanisms and obtaining their new ways. It was worked out that vermiculite mineral characters and their particles on the base of the volume of organic relates to dispersed vermiculite mineral thermic and thermo physics characters, including the level swelling, heat facilitative and accomplishing the processes of mechanisms of thermo grams endothermic effects. Due to the tied of the dispersed level vermiculite mineral heat physics and the mechanisms of thermic processes produce based on the mineral raw materials fire and protecting efficiency of components from heat retardant gave the opportunity assessment in advance.
2. It was found that the different dispersed vermiculites and on the base of powder components thermic and protecting from fire retardant efficiency depending on their endothermic effects. Through influence of endothermic effects of minerals on vermiculite mineral and on the base of components of vermiculite mineral was produced the ways of management of thermic and thermo physics characters.
3. It was worked out the mathematical model of porous on the base of dispersed systems with superfine particles of vermiculite mineral.
4. It was elaborated a new method of influence on the thermal properties of the mineral vermiculite and heat physics characters. For this first stage is to be influenced on vermiculite strong orthophosphate (H3PO4) and azote (HNO3) acids are to be affected and on the second stage is affected with alkaline reagents. This obtained new produced method vermiculite mineral and on the base of it gives the opportunity of fire retardant components swelling temperatures value.
5. It was received the improved new types of characters of vermiculite Tebinbulak. They are swelling temperature a bit lower vermiculites, swelling temperature a bit higher vermiculites, hydrophobic vermiculite and good preserved porosity vermiculites. On the base of these improved character vermiculites new component fire and produced protecting efficiency from heat retardant materials and components of fire extinguished.
6. It was used the first time to obtain activated and modified vermiculites components designed for protection from the devastating effects of fire the surface of various building materials. When it activates with these compositions fire wood materials have bare inflame character and it achieved for the metals critic (500 °C) temperature reaches time of increasing of cost. It achieved from the obtained fire protecting materials using them according to meet state standard requirements wood materials from E4 (flammable ) switch to Ej (bare flammable) group also reaching to critic temperature in metals from 15 minutes to 45 minutes (3 times) increased the opportunity.
7. It was created production technologies of new types of activated and modified vermiculites on the base of fire retardant influence of effective protection paint and coating materials have been produced.
8. It was worked out swelling vermiculite, nutria liquid glass, vermiculite minerals concentrate and on the base of orthophosphate acids in two types of heat isolation fire proof materials group of new porosity materials.
9. It was implemented for “Uz-Dong Ju Paint Co” private shareholding society to produce new paint silicate production technology based on produced finely dispersed medicated vermiculite. By the created technology the produced paint material in the National certificate system passed by accreditation of the Ministry of internal affairs of Fire safety head management in the fire technic laboratory wood building material fire retardant effectively having examined and confirmed to meet state standard requirements.
10. It was shown to obtain opportunity of firm suspensions via ultra sound influence on vermiculite mineral in water environment. As the result of controlling it was defined Nano molecules suspensions on the base of vermiculate and on the base of these suspensions a new, effective fire retardant agents have been worked out. On the base of conducted experiments of liquid extinguishing agents method of assessing the effectiveness of using additional index and worked out the way of define this index .

The aim of research work is numerical calculation of parameters of the structure with Si2Mn2S cells and investigation of the photoelectric parameters of single-crystalline silicon doped with Mn and S.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
samples of single-crystallinc silicon with erosion-free surface after high-tcmpcraturc doping with sulfur were obtained;
ionizing levels, infra-red quenching diapason were revealed in Si samples doped by S. as well as negative photo-conductivity in times of direct connection explained by injection of charge carriers was also revealed;
the phenomenon of sign reversal of charge carriers was detected in silicon samples doped with Mn and S at temperature T = 123K. and T = 198K. when illuminated due to charge exchange of deep levels associated with sulfur and manganese;
significant fraction of the infrared diapason in the values of Uoc and isc in a single-crystalline silicon sample doped with Mn and S has been revealed, which suggests to a certain extent that it would be possible to apply silicon with MnS clusters as a photocell;
total energy, IR-vibration and electronic spectra, and the spatial position of electrons of the structure with Si2MmS cells were calculated by implementing numerical calculation technique;
a fairly good correlation was found between the value of the vibration mode, the size of the energy gap of the cluster structure with Si2Mn2S cells, and experimental data on the study of the vibration spectra and photoconductivity of a sample doped with Mn and S.

The urgency and relevance of the topic of the dissertation. At present time, the study of the structure of exotic nuclei, which arc bound states of various mesons, and residue nucleus and other interactions is of great interest.Obtaining information about the properties of the eta-mesons and nucleon resonances bound in nucleus arc among the high-priority tasks of the modem fundamental nuclear physics studied. It can be determined that binding energy and width of the cta-meson nuclei, as well as the probabilities of the main decaying modes arc possible experimentally only. Experimental informations which arc obtained by that path arc so essantial to determine the mechanisms of interaction of eta-mesons and nucleon resonances with nucleons of nuclei, on checking the available theoretical predictions and models for the restoration of chiral symmetry in dense nuclear matter.
At the present time, there arc not practically experimental apparatus for determining the luminosity of reactions on the internal target of accelerators. Because of used apparatus and their scientific methods arc not able to give information about nuclear reactions in internal target, a accurit experimental resutls arc not achieved. Therefore, cstabilishing research methods on the internal target of accelerators, creating experimental facilities which arc aimed to study exotic nuclei structure and nucleon resonances in a nuclear medium, as well as creating methods of determination of the luminosity of reactions on the internal target of the accelerator and making an apparatus that is aimed to accomplish it and unperturbed the Nuclotron beam is considered as actual issues.
In our Republic, great attention is paid to the development of theoretical physics and the conduct of fundamental research on these areas at the world level. In this respect, significant results have been achieved in nuclear physics and elementary particle physics, a substantial gained results should be emphasized In particular: in solving existing problems in the field of accelerator technology and their practical application; in the development and creation of methods in determining the luminosity of reactions on accelerators; studying the properties of various mesons and nucleon resonances in a nuclear medium; in creation of a necessary installations for studying the structure of exotic nuclear. In accordance with the "Strategy of actions on further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan", the actual task is to improve the efficiency of the industry on the basis of theoretical and practical research in the field of the atomic nucleus and elementary particle physics by introducing innovative technologies in determining the problem of the origin of the elementary mass particles and verification of theoretical models of quantum chromodynamics.
This research work corresponds to the tasks approved in the state normative Documents, in the Decrees of the Presidentof the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PR-1443 “On the priorities of industry development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2011-2015” of 15 December 2010 and No.PR-2789 “On measures to further improve the activities of the Academy of Sciences, organization, management and funding research activities” of 17 February 2017, and the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No.PD-4958 “On the further improvement of the system of postgraduate education” of 16 February 2017.
The aim of the research is to determine the peculiarities of the exotic nuclei structure and study the properties of eta-mesons and nucleon resonances in nuclear medium.
The scientific novelty of the research is based on the following results obtained for the first time:
New experimental estimations arc obtained for the total cross-section for the eta-mesic nucleus production in the dl2C interaction on = 11 ± 8 pb at a deuteron beam energy of 2.1 GeV/nuclcon;
Binding energy of the SH(1535)-resonance Eg(Sn) = (50.3 ± 20) MeV in the exotic nucleus of carbon is determined on the average by three energies of incident nucleon (1.5, 1.9 and 2.1 GeV/nuclcon) of the Nuclotron. This value was calculated from the detected peak in the effective mass spectrum of the л p-pair from the decay of the Sn(1535)-resonance at the level (1484.7 ± 20) MeV/с2, the width of the peak turned out to be equal to (36.1 ± 9) MeV/c2;
New values arc obtained for the r|-meson binding energy in the exotic carbon nucleus under the assumption that the mass defect of the Sn(1535)-resonance is the result of the fusion of the q-meson and the nucleon in the nucleus (taking into account that the nucleon binding energy Am = Т.Ъ MeV): Eg(q) = (43 ± 20) MeV
Calibration algorithm is identified by calculating the proportionality coefficient between the true and the measured reaction luminosity for 8-elcctron for the 29Cu and 47Ag targets of the Nuclotron. The mean true luminosity Le(dCu) = (0.9 ±0.03) x 1030 cm’1 s'1 is obtained for copper target and Le(dAg) = (0.27 ±0.012) x lO^’cm’1 s'1 for silver target.
A new method is proposed to estimate A(1232) resonance production crosssection for the internal target of the Nuclotron. An estimation of the deltaresonance production total cross-section in the pA reaction for different kinetic energies of the incident protons yielded the values: Ct] = 13.15 mb (Tpl = 1.4 GeV), CT2 = 10.80 mb (Tp2 = 1.7 GeV), = 9.86 mb (Tp3 = 1.9 GeV).