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“INTRODUCTION OF NEW ECONOMIC POLICY PRINCIPLES IN
INDUSTRY AND CRAFTS”
Olimjanova Zuxraxon Rustamjon qizi
Andijan State University basic doctoral student
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15509483
Аnnotation:
After the formation of the Uzbek SSR, a movement to unite
artisans and craftsmen into cooperatives took place in the republic. The
importance of handicraft production.
Key words:
the national-territorial delimitation, printing" actions,
cooperatives, industrialization, cotton refining industry, agricultural machinery,
a sanatorium, tension, artels, craft artel, local industry
Аннотация:
После образования Узбекской ССР в республике
развернулось движение по объединению ремесленников и кустарей в
кооперативы. Значение ремесленного производства.
Ключевые слова:
национально-территориальное размежевание,
полиграфические
акции,
кооперативы,
индустриализация,
хлопкоочистительная промышленность, сельскохозяйственная техника,
санаторий, напряженность, артели, ремесленные артели.
Even in the first years after the national-territorial delimitation, the cities of
the Fergana Valley were in a much deeper crisis compared to the rest of the
industrial centers of the Republic. This situation was related to the current
situation here. As a result of the Civil War and especially the "printing" actions,
more than 90% of industrial enterprises in the Fergana region had gone out of
business. Closely linked to cotton production, these businesses had been
deprived of raw materials as a result of the decline of cotton farming in the
valley. These cases had in many ways influenced the slowdown in the pace of
industrial recovery and the increase in the importance of small-scale commodity
producers.
After the formation of the Uzbek SSR, the movement to unite the artisan-
poor into cooperatives was also much revived in the Republic. Because, even in
the conditions of accelerated industrialization, the importance and balance of
the craft industry in the Republic was high, which was well understood by the
local party-Soviet leaders. Because industrialization in Uzbekistan was mainly
aimed at the development of Energy, oil production, cotton refining industry,
agricultural machinery and partly cotton and silk weaving industries, and the
necessary household products for the needs of the general population,
household goods were produced in the handicraft industry. Therefore, special
attention was paid to the need to support the craft industry by organizing the
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provision of cheap loans by the state, provision of raw materials and assistance
in the sale of products in the I congress of the Uzbekistan Committeeе. [1, p.41]
In the Fergana Valley, it was very common to produce handicrafts that
catered to the needs of the majority of the population, such as shoes, clothing,
household goods. The role of the small-scale manufacturing industry in meeting
the urgent needs of the population of the Republic was especially great. In
particular, valley towns such as Kokand, Marghilon, Namangan, and Andijan had
continued this tradition in the first quarter of the 20th century, as they had long
been known as centers of crafts. [2, p.69-70]
In 1918, due to the termination of the activities of collective farms and
cooperatives, which were united into artels, it was decided to divide them into
collective farms and cooperatives, for which they were paid 2 million rubles. I
was arrested for stealing money.
In the Soviet Union, it was believed that a sanatorium should be open to the
public, but in the Soviet Union it was open to the public, and this was due to the
fact that the sanatorium was open to the public, which contributed to the
development of the sanatorium business. Thus, mass repressions by the party-
Soviet organs led to mass repressions, including by the Bolsheviks. Cooperatives
and artels were chosen as the basis for the creation and organization of
collective farms and artels.
Tension has arisen in Uzbekistan due to the aggravation of interethnic
tensions in relations between the two countries. Before the first five-year plan,
he was in a state of depression. His main duties were to collect materials, collect
materials and information about the life and activities of privy councillors, and
provide them with information about the activities of privy councillors.
It was planned to allocate the necessary raw materials and semi-finished
items for them through state and cooperative bodies to encourage artisans-poor
people, small producers engaged in individual labor activities and United in
artels, for which it was envisaged to provide them with about 2 million rubles in
a short period of time.
Most of the artisans of Andijan county, including the city of Andijan, were
merged into the "industrial" craft Association, through which they took raw
materials and established the sale of their products. [3, p.70]
Even in 1925-1926, the Central Asian republics did not have a solid base, as
in the central regions of the country, due to the weak development of large
industries and the high ratio of Small Industries (total industrial production and
the number of people employed in it). For example, in the Uzbek SSR in 1926-
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1927, the private sector was the leader in terms of the number of small-scale
industrial workers and the gross turnover of 87.4 percent. [4, p.570] This also
shows that the role and importance of craft production and private
entrepreneurship in the Republic was very high.
In the conditions of Uzbekistan, it was envisaged to change the methods of
management of state-owned enterprises in the industry, to improve the forms of
their management. These changes included: consolidation of industrial
enterprises into trusts, leasing part of them for the purpose of restoration and
development, reorganization of production on the basis of economic accounting;
state planning of the activities of individual industries; promotion of the
initiative of enterprises, regulation of workers’ wages, etc. [5, p.46]
In Fergana County, there were 2 associations that organized the production
of local handicrafts: Kokand "Raykustpromsoyuz" and Marghilon
"Kustpromsoyuz". The Kokand craft-industrial union consisted of 45 artels in
1927, with 1,297 employees. 5,535 people worked in the 75 craft artels that
merged into the margilon craft-industrial union. In a notable aspect, the number
of craft-industrial artels and workers increased significantly in 1927 compared
to the previous year. For example, the number of artels in the Kokand craft-
industrial union increased from 25 in 1926 to 45, the number of workers
increased from 738 to 1,237; while artels in the Margilon craft-industrial union
increased from 37 to 75, and the number of workers increased from 4,238 to
5,535. [6, p.36]
Of the 1,297 workers who merged into the Kokand interregional craft-
industrial union, 1,092 were Uzbeks, 41 Tajiks, 23 of European nationality, 9
Tatars, 59 local yakhudis, 31 Armenians, and 42 of other nationalities. [6, p.36]
Crafts-according to the specialty of industrial artels are grouped as follows:
wood processing (making chariot, omoch, making chests, shelves, doors-rums);
metal processing (blacksmithing, cast iron); leather-shoes (making boots and
machineries, leather goods); textiles (silk spinning, making local satin and other
silk fabrics, cotton spinning); sewing-embroidery (linen, chop, dowel, cotton,
cotton, cotton, cotton, leather, men's and women's light overalls carpet);
confectionery and ceramics . It was this local craft-industrial production that
was at the forefront of the Fergana Valley. Because, they would produce the
most necessary items for the need of a wide nation.
The Andijan сity сraft-industrial association was founded in 1924, initially
combining 8 craft artels into the membership of the association. The association
included 300 artisans who settled in the Old Town part of Andijan. In 1925, the
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activities of the association also covered Izboskan and Kurgontepa district. The
number of artels merged into the Union in 1926 was 27, with a membership of
1,825. In total, 5 of the artels operated in villages, the rest were located in the
city of Andijan. In 1927, a "purge" of Artel's membership reduced the number to
13 and union membership to 516. [7, p.48]
Craft artels in Andijan produced mainly agricultural implements,
manufactures, clothing and other folk consumption goods. For example, in 1926,
by order of state agencies, they produced 2,735 pieces of omoch, 50 complete
horse abzali, 7,000 pieces of sickle, 30,000 pieces of hoe, large quantities of
kalava yarn, etc. [8, p.94]
The types of finished products produced indicate that during the period of
restoration of the national economy, great importance was attached to the
development of artisanal production networks in the Fergana Valley, which
contribute to the rise of аgriculture and can replenish the shortage of industrial
goods for folk consumption. In October 1927, the Andijan County Executive
Committee established a local industry department with the purpose of general
regulation of local state industries, their rational management, as well as
regulation and control of the activities of private cooperative Craft Industry
(Craft Co-op and individual artisans), and general guidance and control of their
trade activities . The work of this department was instrumental in the
establishment of craft production in Andijan.
In the Economic year 1925-1926, there were the following enterprises in
the structure of the Fergana City Local Industrial Association: 1) State ice
production enterprise; 2) typography; 3) flour mill in Kokand; 4)
Electromagazine; 5) Power Plant; 6) fruit drying and processing plant; 7)
Mechanical Plant; 8) no.1 State Brewery; 9) No. 2 state brewery; 10) flour mill in
Namangan; 11) flour mill in Serovo; 12) cotton cleaning plant in Serovo. [10,
p.64]
In the Economic year 1925-1926, 114 enterprises and workshops under the
union "local industry" were also operating in the Fergana region. [11, p.76]
These enterprises and workshops were not nationalized, most of which
operated on a rental or equity basis. Also, according to a 1926 report,
kushkhanas, watermills and Brickworks belonging to Kokand uezd local
economy were leased to private individuals. [12, p.1]
As a conclusion, it can be said that during the period of the new economic
policy, normative documents on the production of crafts and the development of
small industrial enterprises were also adopted by the Soviet government in
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Uzbekistan, most enterprises under state ownership passed and operated at the
expense of the farm. In such types of enterprises, labor productivity and income
of workers were significantly higher than in large enterprises under the state.
The transfer of enterprises to the economic account allowed them to self-
manage and self-finance. The Soviet government, while maintaining a state
monopoly on foreign, wholesale and retail trade, was forced to develop the
industry based on local demands and needs.
References:
1.
The Communist Party of Uzbekistan in resolutions and decisions of the
congresses and plenums of the Central Committee (1925-1985). In 4 volumes.
Volume I. 1925-1937. – Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 1987
2.
Goyibnazarov Sh. Lessons of Social Development. 20s analysis. - Tashkent:
Uzbekistan, 1994. – B. 69-70.
3.
UzR PAA Andijan regional department, fund 93, list 1, case 129, sheet 70.
4.
Statistical reference book of the USSR for 1928. – Moscow: Statizdat TsSU
USSR, 1929. – P. 503.
5.
History of Andijan. – Tashkent: Fan, 1980. – P. 46.
6.
State archiva of Fergana province, fund 324, list 1, case 97, sheet 36.
7.
State archiva of Fergana province, fund 324, list 1, case 97, sheet 36.
8.
UzR PAA Andijan regional branch, fund 145, list 1, case 295, sheet 48.
9.
UzR PAA Andijan regional department, fund 93, list 1, case 169, sheet 94.
10.
State archiva of Fergana province, fund 324, list 1, case 38, sheet 64.
11.
State archiva of Fergana province, fund 324, list 1, case 38, back of sheet
76.
12.
State archiva of Fergana province, fund 324, list 1, case 40, sheet 1.
