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TOPONYMICS OF THE CITY OF NAMANGAN.
Usmonaliev Isroiljon Ibrokhimjon ugli
Teacher of Namangan state university
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14684375
Annotation:
This article provides detailed information on the history of the
origin of the toponymy of Namangan, the etymology of the word “Namangan” in
scientific literature, general information, and thoughts in the work of
Zakhiriddin Mukhammad Babur “Boburnoma”.
Keywords:
culture, antiquity, population, economy, historical source, city,
toponymy, work, Turkic people, tribe.
Annotatsiya:
mazkur maqolada Namangan toponimikasining kelib chiqish
tarixi, ilmiy adabiyotlarda “Namangan” so'zining etimologiyasi umumiy
ma’lumotlar hamda Zahiriddin Muhammad Boburning “Boburnoma’' asaridagi
fikrlar haqida batafsil yoritilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar:
madaniyat, qadimgi, aholi, xo‘jalik, tarixiy manba, shahar,
toponimika, asar, turkey xalq, qabila.
Аннотация:
В статье подробно излагается история происхождения
топонимии Намангана, общие сведения об этимологии слова “Наманган” в
научной литературе, а также мысли в произведении Захириддина
Мухаммада Бабура “Бабурнаме”.
Ключевые слова:
культура, древность, население, хозяйство,
исторический источник, город, топонимия, труд, тюркский народ, племя.
Namangan region, one of the regions with a unique position in our country,
is also rich in ancient and ever-young cities and villages. There are also
peculiarities in the toponymy of the cities and villages of the Namangan region.
One of the largest cities of Uzbekistan, Namangan, is one of the ancient and
young cities of our country. The city arose on the border of nomadic herders and
a sedentary population engaged in agriculture.[1] The first information about
the village of Namangan dates back to the end of the 14th century. Zakhiriddin
Mukhammad Babur mentioned Namangan as a village in his work “Boburnoma”.
In 1620, when the ancient capital of the Ferghana Valley, Akhsi, was destroyed
by earthquakes, its population settled closer. They moved to Namangan, and
Namangan expanded and its status increased. In particular, Namangan is
mentioned as a city in the foundation document of 1643.
During the reign of the Kokand Khanate, Namangan became a major
political, economic and cultural center of the khanate. During the reign of the
Kokand Khan Umarkhan, that is, in 1819-1822, the Yangiarik canal was dug in
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Namangan, significantly improving the city’s water supply. In 1842 - 1845, the
outskirts of the city were surrounded by a strong wall. [2] It is regrettable to
note that for many years there has been no clear consensus on the origin of the
name Namangan, and there is still no scientific interpretation.
In the same scientific literature, the etymology of the word “Namangan” is
considered to have general information and various interpretations. In
particular, until now, the name Namangan has been widely used with the
interpretation “Namakkon”, that is, “salt mine” in Persian.[3] Iskhakhon Ibrat
also gives the following explanation about the toponym Namangan in his work
“History of Fergana”: “Namangan is actually not Namangon. The Persian word is
simply namakon - salt mine.
The meaning of this is that we do not have a real gon in the Chigatai
language, this dialect is Persian. Namangan was originally, that is, nine hundred
years ago, a desert-lake where no one lived on the land, and at that time,
Abdullakhan, one of the khans of Bukhara, came to this Ferghana region, dug
cisterns everywhere, built domes on top of the Sakkaya Mom-inga Chakhlam,
and did many beneficial things for the people. That man came to Namangan's
land, immediately dug a cistern, held it for several days, and built a city on one
side of the river and on the other side of the mountain because of the good
air.[4] When he ordered a person from among them who was in the position of
an agalik to build a city, the entire side of the river was a salt lake and salt lay
there. Therefore, it was called namak kon, that is, salt mine. This word
namakkon was written as gon in Persian, and namakkon became namangon,
which became a snake called namangon. It is actually namakon. However, during
archaeological excavations carried out in the 70s of the 20th century and during
excavations related to the improvement of the city during the years of
independence, no remains or signs of a salt mine were found. However, this does
not mean that the final point has been put on the interpretation of a salt mine.
Some historians interpret the word Namangan etymologically as “Novmakon”,
that is, “new place”. Since ancient times, Namangan was considered a city of
craftsmen, and the production of beads, eye-beads, and coral processing were
developed here. In this sense, there are also explanations for Namangan such as
“Namang-coral”, “Namangon-coral mine”. The Hungarian historian A. Vamberi
expressed the opinion that the toponym Namangan means “Namang – coral”,
“Namangon – coral”. Based on the various interpretations given above, Y.
Kosimov, while saying that “Namangan” is said to refer to those who prepare
black pearls, corals, or eye-beads, also gives his own interpretation that it means
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“the land of black eyes”. Also, the toponym Namangan means “Namoyon” – “one
who showed off”, “Navmangan” – “a new place on the riverbank”.[5] There are
also meanings such as “palace”, “new castle on the river bank”. In particular,
according to A. Mukhammadjonov, Namangan was formed from the combination
of the words “nav-man-gon”. Nav - “new”, man - “palace”, and gon, gon. - “water”
or stream. Similar, it was originally pronounced as Novmangon. Professor Kh.
Khasanov assumed that the gon component meant “river, water” and suggested
that Namangan meant “salt water”. “mineral water”, “oil water”. The opinion of
the slyarkhologist A. Zhuvomardiev that the toponym Namangan is derived from
the word “Nomiygon”, that is, “the city of famous and dear people” is also
noteworthy. Zakhiriddin Mukhammad Babur and Mashrab glorify Namangan as
Ghaznai Namangon. It is also known from history that the city of Namangan was
called Namangoni Eshaniy, just as the city of Kokand was called Khokandi Latif
in ancient times, and the city of Bukhara was called Ilukhoroi Sharif in ancient
times. The extent to which the historical interpretations presented above are
close to the “truth” has not yet been scientifically proven. Therefore, the
etymology of the word “Namangan”, which has had various interpretations until
now, remains a mystery.
References:
1. Shoniyozov K. The process of formation of the Uzbek people. - T.: West, 2001.
– P 14.
2. Бабабеков X. История Коканда. - Тошкент: Фан, 2006. - 19 с.
3.Madrakhimov Z. Historical toponymy (study guide) – T: “Navruz”, 2017. – P.
58.
4. Korayev S. Toponomics. -Tashkent., 2006. – P. 12.
5. Dusimov Kh. Brief explanatory dictionary of place names - T.: Teacher, 1977. –
P 20.
