SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
54
THE CONCEPT OF DISCOURSE AND ITS STUDY
Azamova Gulasal Sodiq qizi
FerSU doctor of philosophy in philology
gulasalazamova91@gmail.com
Rasulov Umidjon
FerSU Student of Economics
(in branches and fields)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10828789
Introduction
Discourse is the subject of interdisciplinary research. In addition to
theoretical linguistics, computer linguistics and artificial intelligence,
psychology, philosophy and logic, sociology, anthropology and Ethnology,
literature, semiotics, historiography, theology, law, pedagogy, translation theory
and practice, politics and other discourse-related fields of Science and research
are also the main objects of study. Each of these disciplines approaches the study
of discourse in its own way.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY
The social sciences and humanities define discourse as a formed mindset
expressed through language. It is the way society thinks and communicates
about people, things and social organization, as well as the relationship between
these three elements. Sociology considers discourse to be a way of giving
meaning to reality. Political science understands this as a formal logical
exchange of ideas for solving a social problem. Psychological discourse evaluates
the form and function of language in writing or verbally, as they are related to
mental health.
In the field of rhetoric, discourse has a slightly different meaning, that is,
Speakers convince their audience of the inherent perception of reality.
Rhetorical discourse involves a central, regulatory voice - speaking or narrating
person-who tries to encourage listeners to come to a conclusion that serves the
speaker's purposes. Rhetorical discourse uses only narrative elements to
convince the reader or listener; they are rarely complete stories. The goal here is
to convince, not aesthetic, didacticism or poetic expression.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
The application of the concept of discourse in semantics is more complex.
Discourse semantics is the analysis of how we use vocabulary in specific areas of
intellectual research. This analysis explores the connection between language
and structure, such as the relationship between a sentence and the broader
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EDUCATION SYSTEM
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context in which it exists. An example of this is the use of a pronoun in a
sentence, which the reader or listener can only understand while connected.
In terms of modern approaches, discourse is a complex communicative
phenomenon, which, in addition to text, includes additional linguistic factors
(thoughts, knowledge of the World, goals, attitudes of the recipient) necessary
for understanding the text.
The term "discourse" has also become one of the very commonly used
terms in linguistics. Historically, the term was first coined by the American
linguist Z. Harris's paper "discursive analysis", published in 1952, was used. The
full scope of the term" discourse " has become more popular in linguistics over
the past twenty years.
Linguist A.According to Pardaev's interpretation, discourse is the process of
practical use of linguistic and nonlinear means by the speaker and the listener in
a form and type that they consider most effective for the purpose of exchanging
ideas, influencing each other. Discourse is a process, a type of human activity. It
is the realization of the linguistic and hundreds of nonlinear factors in a common
form towards one goal. In another source, discursus is derived from the Latin
word "discursus" - discussion, meaning emotional, direct, intuitive, that is,
logical proof - proof knowledge, which is generated by means through
discussion, as opposed to discussion-demand knowledge. More simply, in this
definition, the meaning of discourse discussing, talking is put forward.
Discourse in Uzbek linguistics Special Studies linguist Sh.Performed by
Safarov. The linguist notes the following about the problems of text and
discourse: "if both text and discourse are the result of human linguistic activity, I
have the suspicion of being able to distinguish them only by the qualities of
"oral" and "written", based on the apparent - formal indicator. Just as well, it is a
difficult matter to imagine one of them in a material-looking phenomenon, the
other in a way that is devoid of this property. After all, when both of these things
become the product of a productive activity, is it necessary that the achieved
result takes on a material appearance? The purposefully expressed
commuiicative content and the informative content generated in the listener's
perception (perception) without association with the speaker's desire do not
negate each other, but instead become a factor that interweaves, merges and
ensures the effectiveness of communication. The homogeneity of communicative
and informative content ensures the integrity of the macrobirity of the
communication system. Currently, it is recognized that such a feature of integrity
has only a discursive one.
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
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Ye.S.Kubryakova kaydicha, "there is no generally accepted definition of
discourse in the era of the current development of linguistics"
In linguistics, discourse refers to a language unit that is longer than one
sentence. The word discourse is derived from the Latin prefix dis - meaning "far
away" and the stem "currere" meaning "to walk". Therefore, speech is translated
as" escape " and means how the conversation goes. Speech learning is the
analysis of the use of oral or written language in a social context. Discourse
studies consider the shape and function of a language in speech in addition to its
small grammatical parts, such as phonemes and morphemes. This field of study,
in which the Dutch linguist Teun van Dijk played an important role in
development, explores how large units of language, including lexemes, syntax,
and context, add meaning to conversations.
"Discourse in context can consist of only one or two words, such as"
smoking is prohibited "or" stop". Alternatively, part of the speech may consist of
hundreds of thousands of words, as in some novels. The normal volume of
discourse is located between the two dimensions, as above.
"Discourse is the social application of language to convey a broad historical
meaning. It is a language that is determined by the social conditions of its
application, Who and under what conditions it is used. Language can never be"
neutral " because it serves to connect our personal and social worlds. "
The importance of discourse in literature. Speech of any kind is one of the
most important elements of human behavior and formation. There have been
many studies on how the brain converts thoughts into words and, of course,
communication shapes the brain. Many studies focus on the different ways in
which speakers of different languages understand concepts. Thus, the creation
and dissemination of speech is most important for the eternity of the human
race. Literature is one of the main ways to preserve speech and create new ways
of understanding the world. By reading artistic discursive patterns from other
cultures and other eras, we can better understand what their authors think.
Indeed, reading literature from our own beautiful cultures can better emphasize
our ways of thinking and interacting. Since every work of literature created is an
example of discourse, our understanding of artistic discourse is essential for our
understanding of literature. [6]
Types of artistic discourses. There are different views among Western
scholars on artistic discourse and its types. When someone uses language to
communicate, they use discourse. Hence, the writer's work relies primarily on
discourse to tell stories, exchange ideas, and disseminate information. In fact,
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
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there is no literature without discourse either. However, not all discourse is the
same, literary scholars divide it into four main types: argument, description,
explanation, and narrative.
Argument. The argument is an attempt to convince the reader through logic
and reasoning. The writer makes a clear claim and then presents evidence to
support this claim. For example, academic essays use argumentative speech to
convince readers of the truth of the general thesis.
Description. The description is an emotional experience for the reader,
which helps to develop clear mental images of the information provided. Novels,
short stories and poems depend on the power of the image that excites and
excites the reader.
Exposition. The exhibition notifies the viewer of a certain fact, but does not
seek to influence the opinion of the audience about this fact. Visual speech is
neutral in language and tone so as not to convince the reader or provoke
emotions; its purpose is only information. News stories and other publicistic
articles, comparative analysis, and other research-oriented literature generally
use exposure.
Story. The story is a written explanation that presents the story to the
reader. In other words, This Is The Voice of the narrator. The story captivates
the reader through an attractive language that evokes emotion and empathy,
and keeps the reader scrolling through the page. The story is the basis for
novels, short stories and some plays.
Other schools of thought classify literary speech into the categories of
expressive, poetic and transactional speech.
Expressive. Expressive speech reflects the feelings of the writer. Its focus is
on the development and discussion of ideas, with little or no emphasis on
specific facts, or attempts to convince others of Central evidence. Expressive
works of speech have always been non-fiction; diaries and magazines, blogs and
memoirs are examples of this.
Poetic. Poetic speech is a highly creative approach to writing fiction. The
writer presents thoughts, emotions, events, places and characters in a fantastic,
sometimes rhythmic language that attracts the emotions of readers. Poetic
discourse emphasizes subject matter, image, and emotion. It is a central
component of poetry, but it also manifests itself to some extent in most novels
and short stories.
Transactional. Transactional discourse is a less literary, more instructive
approach. It defines a specific action or plan, usually in an active voice, that
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
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forces the reader to act. Advertising and marketing records, manuals and
business correspondence are common sources of transaction speech.
Conclusion
Scientific sources also note that special scientific conferences were held on the
solution of this problem. Such scientific research and the different views
expressed in relation to the problem indicate that there are aspects of the issue
of dialogical discourse that need to be solved in linguistics, in need of research.
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