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SOMATIZMLARNING LEKSIK XUSUSIYATLARI
Narzullayeva Firuza Olimovna
Teacher of the Department of English literature and
translation of Bukhara State University
Tuymuradova Rukhsorabonu Rasulovna
The 1st year master’s student of the Department
of Comparative Linguistics and Linguistic
Translation Studies at Bukhara state university
ruxsorabonutoymurodova@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14523613
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqola somatizmlarning leksik xususiyatlarini o‘rganishga
bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotda tana a’zolari bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan so‘z, so‘z birikmalari va
iboralarning yasalishi hamda ularning lingvistik xususiyatlari chuqur tahlil qilinadi.
Shuningdek, somatizmlarning semantik moslashuvchanligi, metaforik boyligi va madaniy
o‘ziga xosliklarini ochib berish uchun tegishli misollar keltirilgan. Ushbu maqola
somatizmlarning til va madaniyatni tushunishdagi muhim ahamiyatini yoritib, ularning
kognitiv va lingvistik tadqiqotlardagi o‘rnini ta'kidlaydi.
Kalit so’zlar:
somatizmlar, leksik ma’no, semantika, badiiy til,metafora, frazeologik
ibora.
ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОМАТИЗМОВ
Аннотация:
Эта статья посвящена изучению лексических особенностей
соматизмов. В исследовании подробно анализируются формирование слов,
словосочетаний и фраз, связанных с частями тела, а также их лингвистические
характеристики. Также приводятся примеры, которые помогают раскрыть
семантическую гибкость, метафорическое богатство и культурную специфику
соматизмов. Статья подчеркивает важность соматизмов для понимания языка и
культуры, акцентируя их роль в когнитивных и лингвистических исследованиях.
Ключевые слова:
соматизмы, лексическое значение, семантика, художественный
язык, метафора, фразеологическое выражение.
LEXICAL FEATURES OF SOMATISMS
Abstract:
This article is dedicated to the study of the lexical features of somatisms. The
research deeply analyzes the formation of words, word combinations, and phrases related to
div parts, as well as their linguistic characteristics. Furthermore, relevant examples are
provided to reveal the semantic flexibility, metaphorical richness, and cultural specificity of
somatisms. The article highlights the importance of somatisms in understanding language and
culture, emphasizing their role in cognitive and linguistic research.
Keywords:
somatisms, lexical meaning, semantics, artistic language, metaphor,
phraseological expression.
Introduction
: Language is deeply intertwined with the human div, both as a source of
direct reference and as a foundation for metaphorical and figurative expressions. Somatisms,
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linguistic units that involve references to parts of the human div, represent a significant and
ancient layer of vocabulary in any language. These expressions go beyond their literal
meanings, offering insight into human cognition, culture, and communication.
Somatisms encompass a wide range of lexical features, including their semantic
flexibility, metaphorical richness, and cultural specificity. From simple descriptions of
physical attributes to complex idiomatic expressions, somatisms serve as a powerful tool for
expressing emotions, ideas, and societal norms.
Somatisms are one of the universal lexical groups in any language and have become one
of the most frequently studied objects in comparative historical and linguo-cultural works by
both local and foreign linguists. These studies often highlight how somatisms reflect the
richness and diversity of a language's lexical system.
Somatisms are linguistic expressions that use div-related terms or concepts to convey
meaning, often through metaphors or figurative language. These expressions reflect the way
physical experiences, sensations, and div parts are used to represent emotions, states of
being, or abstract ideas. Somatisms are a way of mapping human experiences onto the div,
which helps in understanding the emotional or conceptual aspects of life. The linguistic
features of somatisms refer to the specific ways in which div-related terms are used in
language to convey meaning, particularly through metaphors, idiomatic expressions, and
figurative language. These features highlight the connection between physical experiences
and abstract concepts, and they reflect both universal and culturally specific aspects of
language.
Somatisms play a significant role in proverbs, as they convey complex meanings in a
compact and memorable form.
Literature review
: Somatisms have long been an important subject of study in
linguistics, particularly in the fields of lexical semantics, cognitive linguistics, sociolinguistics,
and linguocultural studies. Linguists examine somatisms to better understand how languages
use the human div as a metaphorical tool to represent abstract concepts, emotions, and
social values. Researchers have studied somatisms from various perspectives, focusing on
their cultural, historical, and psychological aspects, as well as their role in idiomatic
expressions and proverbs.
In the field of cognitive linguistics, scholars like George Lakoff and Mark Johnson have
profoundly influenced our understanding of how somatisms fit into the broader framework of
conceptual metaphors. These are the mental structures that allow humans to connect abstract
concepts with concrete physical experiences. The idea of embodied cognition, central to their
work, emphasizes that our bodily experiences significantly shape how we think, perceive, and
express ideas. To illustrate this point, “
Having a strong mind
” suggests mental strength or
clarity by associating cognitive capacity with physical strength. “
A warm heart
” warmth is
associated with love, compassion, and kindness, it is used metaphorically to express
emotional warmth.
Scholars like Viktor Zhirmunsky and Eugene Nida have studied how div-related
metaphors, or somatisms, appear in different languages and cultures. They found that certain
div parts, such as the heart, head, and hands, are often used in metaphors, but their
meanings can differ depending on the culture. For instance, “
the head
”often symbolizes
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thinking, intelligence, or leadership in many cultures. It is seen as the place where thought
and reason come from. But in different cultures, the head can also represent wisdom or
authority. To exemplify, in some African cultures, the head is a symbol of respect and
status.
“The hands”
are typically associated with action, help, or control. We use expressions
like
“lend a hand” (to help) or “hands-on” (actively involved).
However, in some cultures,
hands
can symbolize work or creativity.
Scholars like William Labov and Deborah Tannen have explored how social and regional
factors influence the use of somatisms (div-related metaphors) in language. Their research
shows that the way people use div-related expressions can vary depending on their social
class, occupation, or cultural context. ”
He’s got strong hands
” describes someone who works
hard with their hands or is physically capable.“
She’s got a big heart
” might describe someone
who is emotionally generous or compassionate.
Discussion:
The lexical features of somatisms refer to the linguistic characteristics of
words and phrases related to the human div, particularly in their structure, meaning, and
usage. Somatisms typically have a concrete, literal meaning related to div parts, functions, or
states.These meanings are universal but can vary slightly across languages due to cultural or
anatomical perspectives. The metaphorical and figurative use of somatisms is a key lexical
feature, as they transform references to div parts into symbols for abstract ideas, roles, or
emotions.
The heart
is a powerful metaphor for human emotions, often symbolizing love,
compassion, sincerity, and vulnerability. It is one of the most universally recognized
somatisms used to express deep emotional states. “
Heartbroken”
describes intense sadness or
emotional pain, often due to loss or disappointment (
She was heartbroken after the breakup
).
“Heartfelt”
indicates something genuine, sincere, and deeply felt
(He gave a heartfelt
apology). “Wear your heart on your sleeve
” Refers to openly displaying emotions or being
emotionally transparent (She wears her heart on her sleeve, so you always know how she
feels).
“With all my heart
” phrase used to convey complete sincerity and emotional investment
(I support you with all my heart).
“A heart of gold”
describes a kind, generous, and
compassionate nature (
She has a heart of gold and is always helping others
).
Somatisms frequently form collocations are integral to fixed expressions, making them
stylistically rich and widely applicable. These combinations enhance the expressive power of
language and are often metaphorical or idiomatic. “
Shoulder Responsibility”
means to take on
or accept responsibility or blame.
She shouldered the responsibility for the team's failure.
This
collocation implies an act of carrying a burden, emphasizing effort and accountability.
“Give
Someone the Cold Shoulder
” means to intentionally ignore or show indifference to someone.
After the argument, she gave him the cold shoulder for days.
This collocation evokes emotional
distance and rejection, with "cold" reinforcing the lack of warmth.
The fixed phrases formed by somatisms demonstrate their versatility and importance in
both everyday communication and literary expression. Their strong collocations provide
stylistic depth, making language more expressive and impactful.
One of the most striking features of somatisms is their polysemy—the ability of a single
somatism to carry multiple meanings. For example, the word
head
denotes a physical div
part but also extends metaphorically to concepts like leadership (head of the team) or
intellect (use your head).
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Somatisms frequently form the backbone of idiomatic expressions, contributing to the
richness of language. Expressions like
cold feet
or
turn a blind eye
demonstrate how
somatisms encapsulate abstract concepts such as fear or intentional ignorance.
Somatisms contribute to literary richness, enhancing imagery and emotional depth.
Authors and orators frequently use somatic expressions to evoke vivid mental pictures or
create strong emotional connections. We can identify this point with the following examples:
“Break her heart for her love” (expressing sorrow and longing). “Her hands trembled as she
clutched the letter” (indicating fear or anticipation).
The lexical features of somatisms showcase the richness of language, blending
physicality with metaphor, culture, and creativity. They are indispensable for nuanced
expression but require careful attention to context and culture for effective use.
Conclusion:
Somatisms, as language expressions grounded in the human div, reveal
the profound link between physical sensations and abstract thinking. Their versatility,
metaphorical depth, and cultural uniqueness make them a vital component of any language’s
vocabulary. By turning references to div parts into symbols for emotions, ideas, and societal
values, somatisms demonstrate the shared and varied ways humans process and
communicate their experiences.
Whether in idioms, proverbs, or everyday speech, somatisms enrich language with
complex meanings that go beyond literal interpretations. They serve not only as reflections of
cultural beliefs and societal norms but also as vehicles for artistic expression and personal
connection. Scholars like Lakoff, Johnson, and Labov have highlighted their significance in
shaping our understanding of embodied cognition and cultural linguistics, stressing their
relevance in both universal and culture-specific contexts.
By examining somatisms, we gain a deeper understanding of how language links human
experience with the div, revealing the dynamic relationship between physical reality and
abstract concepts. This exploration reinforces the idea that language is a powerful tool for
both cognitive and cultural expression, with somatisms acting as a vivid representation of our
shared humanity and the richness of linguistic communication.
References:
1.
Abduramanova S. Processing of English idioms with div part compenents by native
speakers of Turkish learning English with intermediate level of proficiency. Thesis for the
Doctor of Philosophy Degree.Istanbul, 2012
2.
Smirnova T.A. Somatic phraseology as a component of the phraseological picture of the
world in Russian and Ukrainian languages // Uchen.zapiski TNU. T.24. Part 1. – Simferopol,
2011, p. 508-512.
3.
Rahmatullayev Sh. O’zbek tilining izohli frazeologik lug’ati – Toshkent: O’qituvchi, 1978
– 380 b.
4.
Abduramanova S. Processing of English idioms with div part compenents by native
speakers of Turkish learning English with intermediate level of proficiency. Thesis for the
Doctor of Philosophy Degree.Istanbul, 2012, P.142
