STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTING MACRO- AND MICROANGIOPATHIC COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by sustained hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance. Long-term hyperglycemia leads to vascular damage, resulting in both microangiopathic (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and macroangiopathic (coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease) complications. These are the leading causes of disability and mortality among diabetic patients. This article explores modern strategies to prevent such complications, emphasizing glycemic control, blood pressure and lipid management, early screening, and lifestyle modification. A multidisciplinary and patient-centered approach is crucial to reduce the risk and burden of vascular complications in diabetes.