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MODERN METHODS AND STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING FOREIGN
LANGUAGES
Usmonova Mohinur Baxtiyorovna
Senior Teacher of Economy and Pedagogy University
Majidova Afruza Oybek qizi.
Economy and Pedagogy University.
2nd-year student of the Foreign Language and Literature department
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15536400
Abstract. This paper explores contemporary methods and approaches for effectively
teaching foreign languages. It also highlights the application of innovative technologies in
English language instruction. The main objective of the article is to emphasize the importance
of modern techniques in enhancing the process of intensive English teaching.
Keywords: Instructional techniques, student-focused approach, communication-based
teaching strategies, cooperative learning, engaging methods, holistic approach.
Introduction:
Our country's demand for highly qualified specialists who can establish business
relations and cooperate with international partners—and who possess professional-level foreign
language skills—is clearly reflected in the academic programs of universities. Today, knowing
a foreign language goes beyond cultural knowledge; it is a crucial factor in achieving success
and building a promising career. A solid foundation in language learning at the university level
is essential to reach high proficiency. In fact, students at many universities in the country study
at least two foreign languages. Over the past two decades, methods for teaching English have
significantly evolved. The entire approach to English language education is constantly
changing. In reality, there is a wide range of strategies available for teaching foreign languages
to learners.
Currently, English learning is becoming more student-centered and efficient in terms of
time. Therefore, it is important to apply modern teaching techniques when instructing foreign
languages. These contemporary methods contribute to a deeper and more effective
understanding of core scientific and technological concepts. As a result, key components of
modern language teaching include:
1. Learner-Centered Approach
A key feature of modern teaching methods in basic science and technology (BST) is
their focus on the learner. These methods emphasize the active participation of students during
classroom and lab sessions. In this approach, the teacher takes on the role of a facilitator, while
learners are fully engaged in the learning process. Students take a leading role in classroom
interactions, making them central to the educational experience.
2. Task-Based or Activity-Based Learning
In basic science and technology (BST), the teacher or facilitator designs tasks or
activities that encourage students to learn through participation. This approach is known as
activity-based or task-oriented learning. Students are invited to actively take part in classroom
interactions by engaging in these interactive tasks.
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3. Resource-Based Learning
Teachers of basic science and technology (BST) are expected to be well-equipped with
resources. They should gather and provide all necessary learning materials to help students
grasp topics more effectively. These resources can be sourced from the school environment or
other accessible locations. Additionally, students themselves can contribute by bringing
relevant materials or resources to support their learning.
4. Interactive in Nature
A defining feature of modern teaching methods is their interactive nature. Teachers
encourage students to work in pairs, small groups, or individually to complete learning tasks
and achieve specific goals. This collaborative approach allows students to share knowledge,
develop teamwork skills, and foster a spirit of cooperation. Such experiences also prepare them
for real-world situations beyond the classroom.
5. Integrative in Nature
A crucial aspect of modern teaching methods is their integrative approach. Teachers
connect topics from one subject, such as social sciences, to other relevant issues like drug use,
domestic violence, safety, pollution, food distribution, crime, and more. This integration allows
students to expand their knowledge by exploring multiple topics while studying just one.
6. Peer Collaboration
Modern teaching methods not only motivate students by allowing them to share their
ideas, respond to questions, present their research, and actively engage during interactions in
BST classes, but also consider students' interests, needs, and emotions when selecting
participants. Through instructional activities, students learn to collaborate effectively and
develop respect for the work of their peers. In the BST curriculum, students' interests are
prioritized, and they are guided towards achieving their personal goals and career aspirations.
In language classes, teaching focuses on encouraging critical thinking and language skills, with
significant interactions occurring between students and teachers both inside and outside the
classroom.
Innovative teaching methods encourage students to challenge their existing beliefs and
inspire them to learn by placing them in situations where they see themselves as problem-
solvers and agents of change. However, while using these methods, teachers often encounter
certain challenges and requirements. Educators are continuously exploring creative ways to
present content effectively to learners. It is the teacher's responsibility to adopt appropriate,
modern strategies to enhance student learning. Teachers play a crucial role in a student's
academic journey, making it essential for them to embrace new teaching approaches. A strong
education system relies on the combination of skilled educators and innovative instructional
methods.
Compared to traditional approaches, modern teaching techniques are more engaging and
interactive, helping to maintain students' attention through the use of animations, videos, and
other multimedia tools.
The visual medium is considered more effective than other methods for delivering
instructions, as it enables faster comprehension and longer retention of concepts compared to
reading alone.
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Modern teaching methods are more time-efficient, allowing teachers to complete the
syllabus more quickly. They also eliminate the need for traditional blackboard writing,
streamlining the teaching process.
Explaining content using a blackboard is less effective compared to the clarity provided
by videos and animations in modern teaching methods.
The principle of mastering all aspects of foreign language culture through
communication.
The communicative method is based on the idea that communication should be taught
through actual communicative practice. In this approach, communication serves as a means for
education, learning, and personal development. It is viewed as a social process involving the
exchange of experiences and ideas, which reflect both material and spiritual culture. Through
communication, individuals engage in emotional and rational interactions, influencing one
another. This type of interaction is fundamental to effective education.
Therefore, in communicative teaching methodology, communication functions as a
means of teaching, learning, development, and education.
The process of learning foreign language communication reflects the real dynamics of
dialogue through key elements such as motivation, focus, information exchange, innovation,
situational context, character interaction, and the use of speech tools. These components
together create a learning environment that mirrors real-life situations, enabling learners to
effectively acquire and apply communication skills.
Learning a foreign language also involves understanding its culture, which is complex
and interconnected. This complexity is reflected in the unity of its educational, cognitive, moral,
and developmental aspects. Each of these aspects is equally important in practice, and true
mastery in one area is only possible through sufficient development in the others.
In this context, every task or exercise within the learning process incorporates all four
aspects of foreign language culture and is assessed based on the presence of these elements.
The principle of structuring foreign language education as an integrated system.
This principle means that the communicative learning system is constructed by the
reverse: first scheduled final product (target), then determined the tasks that can lead to this
result. This takes place within the course, each year, the cycle of lessons and one lesson and
applies to all aspects. This approach provides a systematic training, with all its qualities:
integrity, hierarchy, unity of purpose.
Systematic study builds on the students’ mastery of the laws of each of its aspects. All
training in the organizational plan is built on the basis of the rules of cyclicity and concentricity.
Cyclicity manifested in the fact that a certain amount of material absorbed within the cycle of
lessons, each of which includes a certain number of lessons. Any cycle of stages based on the
development of a skill and ability in each type of speech activity.
The systematic organization of the learning process also includes the structured
acquisition of language skills across multiple levels of education. These levels include:
1. Educational levels – such as elementary, junior, middle, and senior stages.
2. Study periods – which are organized into steps according to the learning
progression.
3. Stages of skill development – including the formation of lexical and grammatical
skills, and the development of communicative abilities.
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4. Learning stages within these steps – such as substitution, transformation,
reproduction, and combination activities.
Each level has its own distinct features, shaped by the psychological and pedagogical
characteristics of the learners.
Therefore, the learning situation is not limited to typical speech contexts but also
includes the broader context of educational activity and classroom interaction.
The Principle of Individualization in Foreign Language Learning
In the communicative approach, the learner is viewed as a unique individual. Each
student possesses specific abilities—both general and language-related. Communicative
learning focuses on identifying a student’s initial skill level and supporting their further
development. This is achieved through specialized tools, such as diagnostic tests to assess
abilities, and targeted exercises to enhance them.
Through collaborative activities, students also cultivate personal qualities essential for
effective communication and teamwork.
In communicative language learning, joint activities are structured in a way that helps
students understand their shared responsibility—each student’s contribution affects the success
of the group. Combining communication with other types of activities brings the learning
process closer to real-life communication, which often occurs alongside other tasks, not just for
the sake of speaking.
To help students effectively master all aspects of the foreign language, a system of
support tools—like guidelines and targeted exercises—is provided. These help develop both
language skills and the ability to learn independently, which reflects a personalized approach
to learning.
Importantly, the more independence a student gains, the more effectively they learn. For
this reason, communicative methods place strong emphasis on encouraging independent
thinking, especially through discussions and problem-solving.
Finally, autonomy is closely linked to assessment. In communicative teaching, control
is gradually shifted—from teacher-led assessment to peer assessment, and finally to self-
assessment. This includes both subtle (hidden) and conscious control, with students being
taught to understand evaluation criteria and apply them themselves.
The functionality principle in foreign language teaching emphasizes that students should
recognize the value of acquiring not only practical language skills but also the ability to apply
this knowledge in cognitive and developmental contexts. It focuses on mastering the functions
of speech activities—reading, writing, speaking, and listening—as essential tools for
communication. Rather than solely focusing on linguistic forms, this principle prioritizes
learning the communicative functions performed through language.
A functional model for selecting speech means in foreign language courses involves
choosing specific expressive tools across various linguistic levels tailored to each speech
function (reading, writing, speaking, listening). Depending on the communicative goal, each
function can be supported by a range of expressive means, from a minimum to a maximum set,
including both verbal and non-verbal forms of expression.
The following is an overview of the intensive method of teaching English.
One of the key principles of this method is collective interaction, which plays a leading
role in activation. This principle connects the goals of training and education and outlines the
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means, methods, and conditions of the educational process. The educational process based on
this principle is characterized by students interacting with each other, which helps them expand
their knowledge and improve their skills.
Conclusion:
It is essential to recognize that all the principles mentioned above are closely connected,
dependent on one another, and support each other. As a result, following this system effectively
requires observing all these principles and understanding how they work together in harmony.
References
1.
Anderson A. The European project semester: A useful teaching method in engineering
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Engineering Education. 2012; 8:15– 28.
2.
David Nunan. Communicative Language Teaching – 2004
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Shaw Corsini, Blake & Mouton, 1980; Horner & McGinley, 1998
4.
Brown H.D. (2001). Teaching by principles: An attractive approach to language
pedagogy. New York: Longman
5.
Usmonova Mohinur Bakhtiyarovna. (2024). THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF
STUDYING TOPONYMS IN LINGUISTICS.
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Mohinur B. Usmonova, . (2022). DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGY AND ITS
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