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PREDICTING THE RISK OF PREECLAMPSIA IN THE EARLY STAGES OF
PREGNANCY
Boynazarova Kumushbibi Ziyodullo qizi
Samarkand State Medical University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 3, 1st year
master's resident
Tugizova D.I.
Scientific Supervisor, Samarkand State Medical University
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 3
Shavazi N.N.
Samarkand State Medical University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 3
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14677228
Objective
: Preeclampsia remains a significant medical and social problem worldwide,
occurring in 2-8% of pregnant women. Moderate preeclampsia is noted in 3-8% of pregnant
women, severe - in 1-2%. According to WHO, in 2014, hypertensive diseases during pregnancy
ranked 2nd in the structure of maternal mortality in the world, accounting for 14%. In 2014, it
accounted for 15.7% of maternal losses. Preeclampsia is complicated by eclampsia in 0.03-0.1%
of cases and HELLP syndrome in 0.17-0.8% of cases, increasing the risk of retinal detachment
and cerebrovascular accidents, placental abruption and obstetric hemorrhage. The consequences
of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia reduce the quality of life of a woman in the future (high
rates of atherosclerosis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases). The frequency of physical and
psychosomatic developmental disorders in children born prematurely to mothers with
preeclampsia, as well as the risk of developing somatic diseases in them in the future, is very high.
Materials and methods of research:
A well-known method for predicting the
development of severe preeclampsia using a blood test is to calculate the leukocyte intoxication
index in a pregnant woman in the second trimester and predict the development of severe
preeclampsia if its value is higher than 1.6. The disadvantage of this method is the late detection
of the predictor (only in the second trimester of pregnancy) and the prediction of the development
of severe preeclampsia only. In addition, there is no information on the sensitivity and specificity
of this method for predicting severe preeclampsia. There is a known method for predicting the risk
of developing preeclampsia based on a combination of cytokine genes, described in the RF patent
of the same name No. 2568891 by class. G01N 33/52, C12Q 1/68, h. 28.08.14, publ. 20.11.15.
Research results:
DNA isolation, analysis of cytokine gene polymorphisms and prediction
of the minimal risk of developing preeclampsia based on cytokine genes for three combinations of
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genetic variants of four genetic polymorphisms: G I- TAC (rs4512021) and +36 GG TNFR1; +250
A Lt a , G I- TAC (rs4512021) and +36 GG TNFR1; +250 G Lt a (rs909253), +36 A TNFR1
(rs767455), -403 G/A RANTES (rs2107538).
The disadvantage of this known method is that its operational capabilities are somewhat
limited, as it is intended only for Russian women from the Central Black Earth region and is
difficult to implement due to the need to isolate DNA.
In RF patent No. 2304783 (20.08.2007), the content of angiogenic factors sFlt-1 and PIGF
in the blood of pregnant women with clinical and laboratory diagnosis of placental insufficiency
is determined, then the angiogenic coefficient Ka is calculated using the formula: Ka = sFlt-
1/(PIGF ×10) and if Ka is 250 or more, the pregnant woman Placental insufficiency predicts the
development of preeclampsia.
The disadvantages of this method are the inability to predict the development of
preeclampsia in advance, the limited number of patients to whom this prognostic model can be
applied, and the limited range of preventive measures.
The essence of the method is that the concentration of neurospecific enolase and
gliofibrillary acidic protein in the blood serum is determined starting from the 22nd week of
pregnancy. The development of gestosis in pregnant women is predicted if the value of
neurospecific enolase is above 12.4 ng / ml and gliofibrillary acidic protein is above 4 ng / ml. In
this case, severe gestosis is predicted if the value of neurospecific enolase is 19 ng / ml and above
and gliofibrillary acidic protein is 10 ng / ml and above.
Conclusion
: Immunological study: in the first trimester of pregnancy, the ELI-P-
Complex-12-test was performed, the essence of which is the semi-quantitative determination of
the content in the serum of 12 regulatory autoantibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(human chorionic gonadotropin, double-stranded DNA, beta-2-glycoprotein, Fc fragment of
immunoglobulins, auto-Abs of the IgG class interacting with collagen; sperm antigen SPR-06,
protein 100, platelet antigen TrM-03, vascular endothelial antigen ANCA, insulin, thyroglobulin
and kidney antigen KiM-05), the average individual level of immunoreactivity, as well as the
degree of deviation in the content of auto. -AB from the norm (weak or strong), the vector of
deviation from the norm (“decrease” or “increase”) in the content of auto-AT, as well as the
“imbalance” with a multidirectional deviation of autAT. Auto AT values from -20 to +10 are
normal, from -30 to -20 and from +10 to +20 are slight deviations from the norm, and below -30
and above +20 are clear deviations from the norm.
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In the process of immunological examination, the serum level of the hormone
erythropoietin is determined by calculating the coefficient of adequacy of its production and
assessing the degree of adequacy of erythropoietin production, taking into account the possible
involvement of erythropoietin in the pathogenesis. The development of this pregnancy
complication, since this hormone activates angiogenesis, has mitogenic and antiapoptotic effects,
including in the placenta, which allows it to be used as an early predictor of preeclampsia.
When conducting Doppler measurements of the uterine arteries at 11-14 weeks, the use of
grouping indicators of the systolic-diastolic ratio according to the maximum and minimum
numerical values of the "angle-independent" indices allows, without focusing on the localization
of the amniotic sac, an accurate and very simple assessment of the blood flow velocity in them.
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