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W. WUNDT (1832 – 1920) AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL
PSYCHOLOGY
Mamayusupova Iroda Khamidovna
Kokan State Pedagogical Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Department
of Psychology, Candidate of Psychological Sciences.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14578049
Abstract. In the article W. Wundt's views on the development of experimental psychology
are shown. He made a great contribution to the development of psychology as a separate science
and at the same time it is stated that he created a number of basic methods aimed at studying the
practical and theoretical aspects of psychology on a scientific basis. He calls the property of
consciousness phenomenalism, the volume of consciousness, unity, the limits of perception,
tension, speed, clarity of impressions, the limit of consciousness.
Keywords: experiment, psychology, formation, practice, theoretical, scientific basis,
research, methods, property of consciousness, phenomenalism, the volume of consciousness,
perception.
В. ВУНДТ (1832 – 1920) И РАЗВИТИЕ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИИ
Аннотация. В статье показаны взгляды В. Вундта на развитие экспериментальной
психологии. Он внес большой вклад в развитие психологии как отдельной науки и в то же
время утверждается, что он создал ряд основных методов, направленных на изучение
практических и теоретических сторон психологии на научной основе. Свойство сознания
он называет феноменализмом, объем сознания, единством, пределы восприятия,
напряженностью, скоростью, ясностью впечатлений, пределом сознания.
Ключевые
слова:
эксперимент,
психология,
формирование,
практика,
теоретический, научная основа, исследование, методы, свойство сознания, феноменализм,
объем сознания, восприятие.
INTRODUCTION
In the 1870s, there was a need to unite the disparate knowledge of psychology into one
scientific direction. Along with the laboratory work of physiologists, evolutionary biology and
medical practice began to prepare a new psychology. A world of mental phenomena opened up,
where mental phenomena, like other facts of nature, could be objectively studied. It turns out that
this mental world has its own laws and causes. This led to the separation of psychology from
physiology and philosophy.
THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS
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The famous German psychologist, physiologist and philosopher Wilhelm Wundt (1832 –
1920) achieved particularly great success. His work “Fundamentals of Physiological Psychology”
(1873–1874) served as a guide to the new science. Wilhelm Wundt was a German psychologist and
philosopher, one of the founders of experimental psychology. He made a significant contribution to
the development of psychology as a separate discipline and at the same time created a number of
basic methods aimed at studying the practical and theoretical aspects of psychology on a scientific
basis. Wilhelm Wundt developed a program for psychology as an independent science. In 1879, he
opened the first laboratory of experimental psychology in Leipzig, later founded the first institute of
special psychology and studied subjects transferred from physiologists – sensations, reaction speed,
associations, psychophysical laws. 136 Germans, 14 Americans, 10 Englishmen, 6 Produced Polish,
3 Russian, 2 French specialists. This school produced the first generation of experimental
psychologists. "Direct experience" was recognized as a unique method of psychology, and
introspection was the main method.
W. Wundt deeply analyzed the problems of consciousness. In his opinion, the property of
consciousness includes phenomenalism, the volume of consciousness, unity, the limits of perception,
intensity, speed, clarity of impressions, the limit of consciousness. In his opinion, affect is a
simultaneous combination of feelings and imagination. Mood occurs with low intensity and duration
of emotions. Affects are components of volitional processes. The voluntary process is a holistic
process that includes all parts. Conscious phenomena are formed by association and apperception.
Apperception is a special function of consciousness. It determines voluntary human
behavior. Thus, according to the established program, intuition, reaction time, associations, attention
and the simplest human feelings were studied in the laboratory. On their basis, Wundt formulated
the laws of mental life and called some of them principles. The first half of the 19th century is
considered to be the period of using the achievements of natural science to understand mental
processes. During this period, a number of works were created in various fields of psychology.
Wundt is called the founder of experimental psychology, since he turned psychology into a
separate scientific discipline from a discipline that until then had been considered primarily as a
philosophical and theoretical activity.
He managed to found the first laboratory at the University of Leipzig in 1879, and this
laboratory became one of the first centers engaged in the scientific study of psychology. In this
laboratory, Wundt studied the human psyche through experiments and experiments. He tried to study
psychology through "data reception" (information, sensations) and "concept" (analysis, thinking).
Wundt's main concepts
1. Self-analysis. One of Wundt's scientific methods was self-analysis. He conducted
experiments to understand and study psychological processes, his goal was to observe how people
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perceive emotions and thoughts. 2. External and internal divisions: Wundt tried to separate the
processes associated with people's voluntary actions (e.g., acting or making decisions) and the will
(thinking, perceiving). According to him, we can study completely subjective processes and from
this derive new theoretical innovations based on science.
3. Sensory system: Wundt tried to apply the concept of psychology based on people's
emotional and intuitive reactions. He says that only such physical and animal reactions can be used
in people's interactions with social situations and information.
Wundt, as a central figure in experimental psychology, also sought to explore psychology in
scientific laboratories and with the help of experimental methods. Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920) was
a psychologist and one of the founders of experimental psychology. His contributions to science
were of great importance in transforming the field into a sophisticated experimental science
independent of traditional philosophy. Wundt's work initiated psychological research using
experimental methods and focused on the investigation of the internal processes of psychological
phenomena (i.e. cognition and emotions).
Wundt's contribution to experimental psychology:
1. The establishment of psychology as an independent science: Wundt wanted psychology
to be studied scientifically and to establish itself as a separate science. He moved away from
philosophical theories of psychological research and introduced new experimental methods.
2. The establishment of a laboratory: In 1879, Wundt founded a special laboratory for
experimental psychology at the University of Leipzig. These are three laboratory psychological
studies
CONCLUSION
Wundt's main goal was to explain psychological processes in scientific research in a precise
and reproducible way. His work helped develop psychological science independently of
philosophy, and his laboratory and books served as tools for modern psychology. One of his main
works is "Principles of Psychology" (1874), which outlined the main directions of psychology and
methods based on scientific research. His work made it possible to remove psychology from
philosophical descriptions in scientific science and continue work based on scientific principles.
Wundt's research provided the emergence of new psychological theories and concepts of
psychology. Wilhelm Wundt is one of the founders of experimental psychology, his teaching and
scientific works occupy an important place in the modern development of this field. His research
developed psychology as a science and opened the way for new methods and directions of
scientific research.
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Wundt's scientific work, psychological phenomena and inspired the emergence of new
paradigms of analytical methods.
His influence has influenced many branches of psychology, including experimental,
physiological and social psychology.
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