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AUTOMOBILE ROADS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC LIFE
Qudaybergenov Alisher Abdullaevich
master's student of urban transport economy and communications.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13763150
Abstract.
The role of highways in the economic development of the republic, the modern
state of the highway network of the Republic of Uzbekistan, modern highways, construction of
Uzbek national highways, road policy in the Republic.
Key words:
car, road, road network, highway, road condition, road network development.
АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫЕ ДОРОГИ И ИХ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ В СОЦИАЛЬНО-
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЖИЗНИ
Аннотация.
Роль автомобильных дорог в экономическом развитии республики,
современное состояние сети автомобильных дорог Республики Узбекистан, современные
автомобильные дороги, строительство узбекских национальных автомагистралей,
дорожная политика в республике.
Ключевые слова:
автомобиль, дорога, дорожная сеть, автомагистраль, состояние
дорог, развитие дорожной сети.
The role of highways in the economic development of the republic. According to the decree
of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PF-535 of December 20, 2006, "The program for
the development of public highways of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2007-2010 and in the long-
term future", the construction of international transport corridors that provide the conditions for
the economic development of the republic, transit and issues such as ensuring reliable transport
connections between regions, forming a unified transport environment of the republic, restoring
the Great Silk Road and entering the world market are defined as the priority tasks of the state road
policy. The practical solution to these tasks is to improve the quality of transport and use of the
existing road network, to harmonize the technical and operational conditions of the roads with the
requirements of road users, to ensure the comfort and safety of the driving conditions of cars, and
to effectively organize road maintenance works. requires. The economic development and
progress of our republic depends, first of all, on the state of transport communications. As stated
by the first President I. Karimov, "Now that we are an independent country, first of all we need to
put communications in place."
If communication networks do not develop, Uzbekistan will not have a future.
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Development of transport communications and improvement of their use is one of the most
urgent tasks in strengthening the independence of our Republic and developing its economy.
The fact that 83 percent of national economy goods transported by transport across the
republic is accounted for by highways shows that highways are one of the main factors in the
development of the republic's economy.
The geographical location of the republic requires that the main transport corridors for
entering the world market and developing foreign economic relations are roads and railways.
Establishing international transport corridors that provide the conditions for the economic
development of the republic, ensuring transit and reliable transport connections between regions,
forming a single transport environment of the republic that is externally integrated and internally
integrated, in addition, the restoration of the Great Silk Road and the world issues such as entering
the market are among the priority tasks of the state road policy. 2. Modern state of the highway
network of the Republic of Uzbekistan. At the beginning of the century, there were 27,000
kilometers of horse and cart roads in Uzbekistan, and by 1927, the total length of state roads in
Central Asia was 5,313 km, including 923 km in Uzbekistan. reached
In 1931, a new method of gravel coating was tested at the road test site in Samarkand. In
some places, the bitumen dilution method fully justified itself. In 1932, roads were built in this
way in Bukhara as well. In 1932, with the opening of an oil field rich in heavy tar in the south of
Uzbekistan (Jharkurghan), it began to be used instead of liquid bitumen. In 1928-1932, the first
Bukhara-Gizhduvan-Kyziltepa black-surfaced road with a length of 62 km was built in
Uzbekistan, in the same years Samarkand-Panjakent, Piskent-Almaliq, Tashkent-Piskent-
Murotali, with a length of 48 km, KokanShorsuv-Andijan-Kuyganyar and other roads were built.
In 1937, there were 22,000 road junctions in the Republic, including 2,200 km of paved
roads. In 1933-37, the length of paved roads accounted for 8% of the total road network.
In 1939, the construction of large structures using the Xalq Hashar road became popular in
Uzbekistan, and this method was also widely used in road construction. In 1940, a special decision
was made to build the Great Uzbek Tract with a length of 708 km. 326 km of this road were built
by Tashkent, 222 km by Samarkand, and 162 km by Bukhara regions, and the construction was
completed in April 1941. By the end of 1940, the road network with a hard surface was 4700 km.
Years, the total length of roads, roads of international importance, roads of state
importance, roads of regional importance, roads of local importance, roads with cement concrete
pavement, roads with asphalt concrete pavement, roads with black pavement, construction and use
of roads in 1970-75 The production base of the organizations has been greatly improved, their
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palaces have been filled with new machines and mechanisms. Facilities of the road construction
industry producing asphalt concrete, prefabricated reinforced concrete structures for building
bridges, processing inert materials and improving their quality were put into operation, and as a
result, some conditions were created to follow the technological discipline in construction. The
length of public highways was 1976 In 2016, the total number of roads was 19,643 km, including
1,656 km of national roads, 7,203 km of national roads, and 10,975 km of local roads. 1975-80
were the years of the fastest growth in the road industry. The length of public highways reached
31,208 km, or 1,656 km of international highways, 12,164 km of national highways, and 17,388
km of local highways. In 1976 - 1981, a total of 4,400 km of new roads were built and
reconstructed.
In these years, a lot of attention was paid to the construction of ring roads bypassing cities.
Today's state of use of the public highway network does not satisfy the demand of cars and
road users. The reason for this is that the issue of repairing and maintaining roads in the republic
in a short period of time remains unresolved. The lack of funds allocated for the current repair and
maintenance of highways leads to the incomplete completion of works, moreover, to the decrease
in the quality of completed works. As a result, there is a need for premature repairs on the roads.
This requires large-scale road repair works. Modern highways. Motor highways are roads
designed for rapid transportation of passengers and cargo by cars at high speeds without being
disturbed by oncoming vehicles and local traffic. These are highly improved, but expensive roads,
which form the main skeleton of road networks of various countries and make up at most 1.5-2%
of the length of road networks. The main requirement for the highways is to divide the traffic flow
into an independent section for the opposite flows of cars, the absence of intersections at the same
level, and to minimize the impact of individual cars entering or turning aside from it on the main
flow traffic mode. It is forbidden to drive slow-moving vehicles, tractors, motorcycles, bicycles
and horse-drawn carriages on highways. According to the classification of roads, highways include
Ia category roads.
Motorways are usually built in two carriageways separated by a dividing strip. Each
carriageway is designed for movement in one direction and includes the possibility of overtaking,
so it is considered for the movement of at least two rows of cars. There are no traffic lights, traffic
lights, and speed limit signs on highways. Motor highways can be entered from other roads only
through a special connecting road equipped with additional lanes for acceleration or deceleration,
which allow incoming vehicles to move at speeds corresponding to the speed of traffic on the
highway and only then merge into the flow of vehicles without hindrance. gives
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"Bedabargsimon" level crossing on the modern freeway. In order to avoid the destruction
of local traffic and pedestrians, the highways are bypassed by populated areas, and access roads to
them are made only by roads with a high traffic speed. it is done only at intersections. Local roads
cross the highways at different levels, while no downhill roads are made. Since highways are
designed for long-distance transportation, gas stations, technical and medical service points,
hotels, and kitchens are located along the road. Parking areas will be equipped for short-term rest
of the drivers next to the road.
Construction of Uzbek national highways. Due to the need to build highways in
Uzbekistan, comprehensive works and projects are being implemented in this matter in recent
years. In particular, the decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 22,
2009 No. PQ-1103 "On measures for the development and reconstruction of Uzbek national
highways in 2009-2014" initiated the construction of highways in Uzbekistan. A number of
decisions and orders of the following years are the basis for the development and acceleration of
these works, in particular: Despite the fact that modern passenger cars increase their speed greatly
in favorable road conditions, the design speed of highways is assumed to be between 120 and 150
km/h. - Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 22.10.2009
No. 277 "On measures - activities for the development of road infrastructure and service along
Uzbek national highways;
- Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 03.05.2010 No. PQ-1331
"Development of regional highways. Decision on measures to implement multi-tranche financing
program of the Phase 2 project with the participation of the Asian Development Bank;
- Decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 21.12.2010 No. PQ-1446
"On accelerating the development of infrastructures, transport and communication construction in
2011-2015"; - Decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 6, 2015 No.
PQ-2313 "On the program for development and modernization of engineering communication and
road transport infrastructure in 2015-2019". 5. Road policy carried out in the republic. In 1992, the
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Motorways" was adopted for the first time in our republic.
This law established the legal basis for the regulation of social relations in the field of
development and use of the highway network in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
On January 26, 1993, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the
establishment of the state joint-stock concern for the construction and use of highways of
Uzbekistan (Ozavtoyol)" initiated reforms in the road sector. "Ozavtoyol" was transformed into a
concern company by the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan issued
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on August 23, 2003, in order to ensure the implementation of the Decree of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-3292 dated 19.08.2003 "On improving the management system
for the construction and use of public highways". President Sh.M. Mirziyoyev decided to create
an effective system of road management based on a comprehensive approach to the design,
construction and use of roads and artificial structures, to improve their financing system, to create
a competent customer service that allows to improve the quality of design and road construction
works. Many resolutions were signed. For example, on February 14, 2017, the decree No. PF-4954
"On measures to further improve the traffic management system", in order to ensure the
implementation of this decree, "Roads of the Republic of Uzbekistan" Resolution No. PQ-2776,
May 2, 2017, "On the organization of the activities of the Republican Road Fund under the State
Committee and the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan" Decision No. PQ-2946
can be cited.
Today, the main task facing the road workers of Uzbekistan is to build and develop
transport communications that expand the opportunities to enter the world market.
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