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ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 6
POSTEMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF CARABUS
Omonova Sevara Akramjonovna
Fergana State University.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15693696
Abstract.
Postembryonic development of beetles of the genus Carabus has not yet been
fully studied, which is due to their biological characteristics. In Central Asia, only the stages of
development of C. granulatus and C. clathratus species were observed. Their larvae are
campodeal and have a morphologically distinctive structure. The larvae go through a three-year
period, and morphological differences are observed at each age. Carabus larvae differ from the
genus Calosoma in the structure of their jaws, lip tentacles, and sclerites. The 9th segment does
not have a respiratory opening, but contains urogomphs, which is a diagnostic feature. Pupae
have not been sufficiently studied and resemble adult beetles in div structure.
Keywords:
Carabus, segment, dorsal, campodeal, urogomphs, epipleuritis, hypopleuritis,
scleritis, sternitis, poststernitis, pigment, roller, pupa.
The early stages of postembryonic development of Carabus are still insufficiently studied
due to their biological characteristics. Of the species found in Central Asia, only the species C.
granulatus L. and C. clalhratus L., distributed in all temperate parts of the Palearctic, have
developed.
The eggs of all Carabus are quite large, slightly curved, cylindrical with rounded ends;
their length is 2-3 times greater than their width.
The larvae of Carabus, like those of all buzzing beetles, are campodeal, mainly nocturnal.
They have 6-segmented legs, 4-segmented antennae, an upper lip completely fused with the
fontanelle, 8 pairs of abdominal breathing holes, and 6 eyes on each side. The div is elongated,
roller-shaped, slightly flattened.
Carabus larva
The most important parts of systemic importance are the nalichnik, lower lip, labial palps,
central abdominal sclerites, and the structure of the dorsal processes (urogomphs) in the 9th
segment of the abdomen.
The middle part of the napkin can be of various shapes. In the logimandibular Corabi, it
is simple, semi-circular or two-toothed; Corabi brevimandibules are either 5-toothed with
slightly close lateral edges (suborder Carabus s. str), or 4-toothed with parallel or distant lateral
edges (suborders Oreocarabus, Pachystus, Hemicarabus, Eurycarabus, etc.).
The lower lip consists of a rather large trapezoidal chin, at the apex of which are located a
small, rather strongly chitinized tongue and two-segmented lip tentacles. The terminal segment
of these tentacles is cylindrical or significantly widened towards the tip, and in some cases (for
example, in C.jedtschenkoi Sols.) can be bipartite.
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The lower jaws are sickle-shaped, with a strong, sharp, toothless inner edge near the
middle; sometimes an additional small tooth on the inner edge of this tooth.
will be. The tuft of hairs at the base of the inner edge, which is found in the larvae of
most other buzzing beetles, is absent in Carabus.
Carabus larva left Diagram of the structure of the
mandible left middle leg of the Carabus larva
The legs, as mentioned above, consist of 6 joints: pelvic, gluteal, femoral, tibial,
metacarpophalangeal, and nail joint. The Carabus larva, like other Carabinae, is characterized by
two nails of equal length and a paw equipped with two rows of spines on the central surface.
Abdominal tergites are wide, strongly sclerotized, sometimes much wider than the edges
of the trunk, their posterior corners are often elongated into acute lobes, and 1 strong hair is
located in front of them. On the lateral surface of the abdominal segments, there is 1 strong hair.
Also on the lateral surface of the abdominal segments are located 2 sclerites: upper -
epipleuritis and lower - hypopleuritis, each of which (fully or partially) is divided into two parts -
anterior, greater, and posterior, very small. In front, between the tergite and epipleurite, there is a
round respiratory opening. On the central surface of the abdominal segments, there are 5
sclerites: large unpaired broad sternitis and 2 pairs of post-sternitis - internal and external. The
shape of scleritis and the location of hairs on it can serve as an important diagnostic sign.
The 9 th segment does not have a respiratory opening, has only one central sclerite, and
carries a pair of urogomphs on its dorsal surface. Like other Carabinae, urogomphs are non-
articular, horn-shaped, covered with bumps and spines (of which 1 or 2 are usually larger than
the others) and have several hairs.
The overcoat of the larvae is usually strongly sclerotized and strongly pigmented,
especially on the upper side; the color is black, less often brown or brownish-red; the surface of
the tergites is usually covered with small grains.
Larvae have three age periods. Larvae of the first instar differ from larvae of other instars
in the "egg teeth," the ratio of antennae and leg joints, and sometimes in the structure of the tube.
Larvae in the second and third instars are very similar, differing only in size and the
shape of the sclerites. The ratio of the length of the adult beetle's div to the width of the larval
head for different species is as follows: in the first instar - 12-16, in the second instar - 9-12, in
the third instar - 7-9.5.
Carabus larvae can differ from larvae that are close to the genus Calosoma in the
following ways:
1. The two main joints of the maxillary palps are not longer than their width.
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Epithelial segments of the abdomen are completely separated into large anterior and
small posterior scleritis. The joint of the last labial palps is spindle-shaped or cylindrical;
Not expanded towards the apex. The middle notch between the teeth of the calyx is
deep.Calosoma.
2. Jag‘ paypaslagichlarining ikkita asosiy bo‘g‘imi har doim o‘z enidan uzunroq bo‘ladi.
Epiplevritlar to‘liq 2 ta skleritga bo‘linmagan, ammo ko‘pincha chuqur kesimlar mavjud.
Lab paypaslagichlarining oxirgi bo‘g‘imi odatda uchiga tomon ozmi-ko‘pmi kengaygan
bo‘ladi.
Nalichnik
tishlari
orasidagi
o‘rta
o‘yiq
odatda
sayoz
yoki
umuman
bo‘lmaydi...........
Carabus.
Pupae have been described for fewer species than larvae, not known from Central Asia.
They are free, naked, resembling adult beetles, with a mobile abdomen and a delicate
white coating. They are characterized, in particular, by paired bundles of long hairs on the dorsal
surface of the first 5 segments of the abdominal cavity, as well as on the sides of the anterior
posterior and 2-6th abdominal segments.
References
1.
Kryzhanovsky O. Lichens of the genus Carabus of Central Asia. - M.: USSR Academy of
Sciences, 1953. - 135 p.
2.
Shilenkov V. G. Jujelits of the genus Carabus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Southern
Siberia. Irkutsk: Irkutsk University Publishing House, 1996. - 80 p.
3.
Deuve, Thierry. Illustrated Catalologue of the Genus Carabus of the World (Coleóptera :
Carabidae) (англ.). — Sofia-Moscow: Pensoft, 2004. — X + 461 p.
4.
Turin H., Penev L. & Casale A. (eds.). The Genus Carabus in Europe. A Synthesis
(англ.). — Co-published by Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow & European Invertebrate
Survey, Leiden, 2003. — xvi + 512 p.
