Iyun, 2025-Yil
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THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
Ergashev Toxir Nematovich
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15681866
Abstract.
This article explores the concept of occupational safety, its historical evolution,
theoretical foundations, key principles, scientific directions, and legal-regulatory basis. It analyzes
the role of theoretical knowledge in developing effective preventive measures against occupational
hazards. The article also discusses the organization and advancement of occupational safety
systems, incorporating international practices and modern approaches to workplace risk
management.
Keywords.
Occupational safety, safety culture, theoretical foundations, industrial hygiene,
ergonomics, occupational risk, labor legislation, hazard prevention, workplace safety.
Introduction. Occupational safety is a critical component of modern production and service
sectors, ensuring employee health, safety, and productivity. Studying the theoretical foundations of
occupational safety helps identify its socio-economic, scientific, technological, and legal
dimensions, providing a basis for improving safety systems in the workplace.
Historically, the field emerged as a response to the challenges of the Industrial Revolution,
including harsh working conditions, frequent accidents, and child labor. Today, occupational safety
is deeply tied to concepts such as social responsibility, human capital development, and sustainable
growth.
Main Body
1. Theoretical Foundations of Occupational Safety
Occupational safety is built on an interdisciplinary scientific framework. The key disciplines
contributing to its development include:
•
Ergonomics
–
studies the compatibility between humans and their work environments.
•
Industrial Hygiene
–
ensures that workplace conditions meet health and safety standards.
•
Technical Safety
–
analyzes and eliminates hazards associated with machinery and
technology.
•
Psychophysiology
–
examines how psychological and physical conditions affect worker
performance.
•
Labor Law
–
guarantees legal protection and rights for employees.
These foundations help create practical mechanisms to assess and improve working conditions.
2. Core Principles of Occupational Safety
The theoretical model of occupational safety is guided by several core principles:
•
Prevention
–
identifying and mitigating risks before incidents occur.
•
Systematic Approach
–
integrating safety into the overall production system.
•
Scientific Basis
–
decisions are based on research and evidence-based practices.
•
Non-Harm Principle
–
ensuring no harm is done to workers during work processes.
•
Risk Assessment and Control
–
continuous identification, evaluation, and management of
risks.
3. International Theoretical Approaches to Occupational Safety
Globally recognized models include:
•
ILO (International Labour Organization) Framework
–
provides over 190 conventions and
recommendations to promote safe working environments.
•
ISO 45001
–
an international standard for Occupational Health and Safety Management
Systems.
•
Behavior-Based Safety (BBS)
–
focuses on analyzing and improving safety-related
behaviors of employees.
These approaches emphasize a proactive, human-centered strategy in risk prevention.
Iyun, 2025-Yil
15
4. Legal Foundations in Uzbekistan
The legal and regulatory framework of occupational safety in Uzbekistan is grounded in the
following documents:
•
Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan
•
Law on Occupational Safety (2021)
•
State Labor Inspectorate Regulations
•
Sanitary and Hygienic Rules and Standards
These laws provide the legal basis for ensuring safe working conditions across industries.
5. Advantages of a Scientifically Based Safety System
A theory-driven occupational safety system offers multiple benefits:
•
Protects workers’ lives and health
•
Increases labor productivity
•
Reduces workplace accidents
•
Enhances corporate social responsibility
•
Builds trust in workplace safety
Conclusion
The theoretical foundations of occupational safety form the scientific basis for managing
workplace hazards and ensuring safe working environments. These foundations integrate
knowledge from various disciplines and promote a structured, evidence-based approach to safety
management. Today, enhancing occupational safety requires not only technical solutions but also
modern methods such as risk assessment, health monitoring, and cultivating a culture of safety.
Studying international best practices and updating national legislation are also essential for
strengthening occupational safety systems.
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