Development of algorithms for performing tubeless and totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with nephrolithiasis

A comprehensive examination and treatment of 345 patients with stones of the upper urinary tract. The use of the drainage-free and completely drainage-free PNL algorithm allowed 51.9% of the operated patients to perform the drainage-free PNL, and for 38.8%, the completely drainless PNL. As a result, the frequency of the catheter-associated BMI decreased, respectively, by 5.2% and 14.4%. The inclusion in the complex of ther- apeutic measures of the developed algorithm for performing a drainage-free and completely drainage-free PNL allows optimizing the tactics of endoscopic nephrolithiasis surgery and increasing the clinical efficacy of treatment