618
Aholi jon boshiga yalpi ichki mahsulot 28,98 million so‘mni (2468 dollarga yaqin) tashkil
etdi. Bu ko‘rsatkich 4,07 million so‘mga yoki so‘m bilan ifodalanganda 16,3 foizga (9,4 foizga
yoki 213 dollarga) oshdi.
Sanoat sohasida o‘sish 6 foiz — 655,8 trillion so‘mni tashkil etadi. Sanoat ishlab
chiqarishining umumiy hajmida ishlab chiqarish sanoatining ulushi 84,4 foizni, tog‘-kon sanoati
va karerlarni qazib olishning ulushi 8,4 foizni, elektr ta’minoti, gaz, bug‘ va havoni tozalash 6,7
foizni, suv ta’minoti, kanalizatsiya, chiqindilarni yig‘ish va utilizatsiya qilish tarmoqlarida 0,5
foizni tashkil etdi.
Qishloq, o‘rmon va baliq xo‘jaligining hajmi 4,1 foizga oshib, 426,3 trillion so‘mni tashkil
etdi. Fermer xo‘jaliklari toifalari bo‘yicha tahlil qilish shuni ko‘rsatadiki, qishloq xo‘jaligi
mahsulotlari umumiy hajmining 63,1 foizi dehqon va yordamchi xo‘jaliklar, 29,8 foizi shaxsiy
fermer xo‘jaliklari, 7,1 foizi qishloq xo‘jaligi tashkilotlari hissasiga to‘g‘ri keldi.
Qurilish sohasi 6,4 foizga (149,86 trillion so‘mgacha), xizmatlar sohasi 6,8 foizga (470,3
trillion so‘mga) o‘sdi[4].
XULOSA
Yakuniy xulosa sifatida aytishimiz mumkinki, yalpi ichi mahsulot bu mamlakatning asosiy
iqtisodiy ko’rsatgichlaridan biri bo’lgankigi sababli, uni hajmini oshirishga qaratilgan davlat
islohotlarini oshirish, ishlab chiqaruvchi va xizmat ko’rsatuvchi tadbirkor va biznesmenlarga
keng imkoniyatlar yaratish, YaIM ni oshirishga va mamlakat iqtisodiy rivojlanishida muhim
sanaladi.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:
1.
Yalpi ichki mahsulot: iqtisodiyot
https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/Series/Back-to-Basics/gross-domestic-
product-GDP
2.
Gross Domestic Product | GDP Definition, Components & Examples - Lesson | Study.com
https://study.com/academy/lesson/gross-domestic-product-definition-and-components.html
3.
YaIM (nominal) ga koʻra davlatlar roʻyxati – Vikipediya(worldeconomics)
https://uz.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/YIM_(nominal)_ga_ko%CA%BBra_davlatlar_ro%CA%BByxat
i
4.
O‘zbekiston yalpi ichki mahsuloti 2023-yilda 1,07 kvadrillion so‘mga yetdi – O‘zbekiston
yangiliklari – Gazeta.uz
https://www.gazeta.uz/oz/2024/01/20/gdp/
5. Toxtasinovna, U. D. (2022). Реал сектор тармоқларида кластерларни ташкил этиш ва
уларнинг хусусиятлари.
World scientific research journal
,
3
(1), 64-70.
6.Uzganbayeva, Dilnoza To‘xtasinovna направления развития плодоовощных кластеров в
узбекистане // nazariy va amaliy tadqiqotlar xalqaro jurnali. 2023. №1.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION AND CHANGES IN LAND USE
PATTERNS
Khusanboyev Mukhammadbobir Alisherjon ugli,assistant.
Ikramov Akmalbek Anvarjon ugli,student.
Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
Urbanization and land use change are significant processes shaping the global
landscape. As cities expand and populations grow, the transformation of natural landscapes into
urban areas has become a pressing issue with far-reaching environmental consequences. This
scientific article explores the complexities and impacts of urbanization on land use and the
environment, emphasizing the need for sustainable urban planning and land management
strategies.
Keywords:
Urbanization, Land use change, Environmental impacts, Sustainable urban
planning, Biodiversity loss, Ecosystem-based adaptation, Case studies, Green infrastructure.
619
Introduction
Urbanization, the process of population concentration in urban areas, is a defining
characteristic of the 21st century. As urban populations swell, so does the demand for land,
leading to land use changes that often result in the conversion of natural landscapes into urban
environments. This transformation has profound implications for the environment, including
changes in land cover, loss of biodiversity, altered hydrology, and increased greenhouse gas
emissions. In this article, we explore the various aspects of urbanization and land use change,
highlighting both the problems and potential solutions[7-11].
Urbanization and Land Use Change Dynamics
Conversion of Natural Landscapes: Urbanization typically involves the conversion of
agricultural, forested, or wetland areas into residential, commercial, and industrial zones. This
transformation leads to the loss of critical habitats and green spaces.
Altered Hydrology: The increased impervious surfaces in urban areas disrupt natural
hydrological cycles, leading to issues such as urban flooding and reduced groundwater recharge.
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The concentration of industrial and vehicular
activities in urban areas contributes to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating
climate change[1-6].
1-table.
№
Aspect of Urbanization
Environmental Impact
1.
Conversion of Natural Landscapes
Loss of critical habitats and green spaces
2.
Altered Hydrology
Increased urban flooding, reduced
groundwater recharge
3.
Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
Air pollution, climate change
1-table: Environmental Impacts of Urbanization
Environmental Impacts of Urbanization
Biodiversity Loss: Urban expansion often results in habitat fragmentation and
destruction, leading to the decline of native species and increased vulnerability to invasive
species.
Heat Islands and Microclimatic Changes: Urban heat islands, characterized by higher
temperatures in cities compared to surrounding areas, can have detrimental effects on human
health and ecosystem functioning.
Pollution and Water Quality: Urban areas produce significant amounts of pollutants,
which can contaminate local water bodies and affect aquatic ecosystems[12-16].
Solutions and Recommendations
Sustainable Urban Planning: Integrated urban planning that prioritizes green
infrastructure, public transportation, and mixed land use can reduce the environmental footprint
of urbanization.
Ecosystem-Based Adaptation: Ecosystem-based adaptation strategies, such as urban
forests and green roofs, can mitigate the impacts of urban heat islands and enhance urban
biodiversity.
Policy Interventions: Local and national governments can play a crucial role in
promoting sustainable land use through zoning regulations, incentives for green building
practices, and pollution control measures[17-20].
Conclusion
Urbanization and land use change are inevitable processes in a rapidly urbanizing world.
However, their negative environmental impacts can be mitigated through sustainable urban
planning, policy interventions, and the adoption of ecosystem-based adaptation strategies. As
cities continue to grow, it is imperative that we prioritize the preservation of natural landscapes
and the responsible management of land use to safeguard our environment for future generations.
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CCTV TASVIRLARI YORDAMIDA VIRTUAL CHEGARALARNI YARATISH
PhD., dots. Kuchkorov Temurbek Ataxonovich.
Muhammad al-Xorazmiy nomidagi TATU, O‘zbekiston
Baxritdinov Farrux Zafar o‘g‘li.
Toshkent Kimyo xalqaro universiteti “Sun’iy intellekt” yo‘nalishi magistranti.
Hamzayev Jamshid Fayzidin o‘g‘li.
Muhammad al-Xorazmiy nomidagi TATU, KT kafedrasi tayanch doktoranti.
Annotatsiya
:
Zamonaviy kuzatuv tizimlarida virtual chegaralarning CCTV kameralari bilan
o‘zaro integratsiyalashuvi belgilangan hududlarda kuzatuvni ta’minlash va virtual belgilangan
chegaralarning ichki qismida anomal obyektlarni aniqlash imkonini beradi. Ushbu tezisda virtual
chegaralar bilan CCTV kuzatuv tizimlari yordamida ob'ektni aniqlash usullarining samaradorligi
va afzalliklari keltirilgan. Tezisda virtual chegaralarning chegaralangan hududlarni belgilash va
obyektlarni aniqlash, shuningdek, CCTV tasvirlarida anomal obyektlarni aniqlash bilan bog‘liq
muammolarga yechimlar ko‘rib chiqilgan. Tezisda ilg‘or metodologiyalarni, xususan, chuqur
o‘rganishga asoslangan modellarni qo’llash orqali obyektni aniqlash algoritmlarini aniqligini
oshirish va ushbu modellarni virtual chegaralar bilan integratsiya qilish samarali yechim sifatida
taqdim etilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar:
Object Detection, OpenCV, CCTV Surveillance, Virtual Borders, Deep
Learning, Threat Detection, Situational Awareness.
CCTV tasvirlarida virtual chegaralarni yaratib, ma’lum bir belgilangan hududda anomal
obyektlarni aniqlash orqali aniq hududlardagi anomaliyalani kuzatish va tahlil qilish mumkin.
Bunda virtual chegaraning ichki qismidagi obyektlarni aniqlash va anomal obyektlarni tanib
olish mumkin. CCTV kameralari o‘rnatilgan hududlarda virtual chegara orqali ma’lum hududni
kuzatib borishni jamoat joylarida, qo‘riqlanadigan hududlarda, ko‘chalarda, avtomobil yo‘llarida,
bino-inshootlar atrofida, maxsus binolarda qo‘llash mumkin. Bu bilan virtual chegarani kesib
o‘tayotgan obyektlarni, virtual chegara ichida joylashgan anomal obyeklar haqida kuzatuvchiga
ma’lumot berish mumkin bo‘ladi. Qo‘yilgan masalani yechish uchun CCTV kameralaridan
olingan tasvirlarda OpenCV kutubxonasi bilan dastlab maxsus virtual chegara yaratib olinadi.
Virtual chegaralarni belgilash statik holda emas, balki dinamik holda ya’ni o‘zgaruvchan bo‘lishi
dasturiy ta’minotning funksionalligining asosiy jihatlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Bu orqali dasturiy
ta’minotning universalligi va uni CCTV kamera o‘rnatilgan joyning o‘rnidan kelib chiqqan holda
sozlash imkoniyatini yaratadi. Statik holatda kiritilgan chegara orqali tasvirda virtual chegarani
aniqlash dasturni va algoritmni to‘g‘ri ishlashida xatolik va kamchiliklarga olib keladi.
