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Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro‘yhati
1. Годман Э.Г., Скопей 3.А. "Решение геометрических задач аналитическим методом"
Просвещение 1979
2. Гусев Г.А., Хан Д.А."Методика решения геометрических задач с помощью векторов"
мат.в шк. журнал №3 1978
3. Глейзер Г.Д. "Повышение эффективности обучения математики в школе" Просвещение
1989
4. Гусев В.А. "Преподавание геометрии в 6-8классах" Просвещение 1979
5. Saybullayeva H.M. "GEOMETRIYA"Akademik litsey va kasb-hunar kollejlari
uchun,O`qituvchi 2007
6. Василевских А.Б. "Обучение решению задач" Минск. Вышейшая школа 1979.
IN THE FLORA OF JIZZAKH REGION, THE BIOECOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF
ASTRAGALUS
L. SPECIES.
Shakhnoza Doniyorova
doctoral student at Jizzakh state pedagogical university
E-mail:
shakhnozadoniyorova750@gmail.com
Abstract:
This article provides information about species belonging to the
Astragalus
L.
family distributed in Jizzakh region.
Key words:
Molguzar ridge, endemic, Astragalus L, vital form, rare species.
Jizzakh region is considered a significant administrative area located in the central part of
the Republic of Uzbekistan, situated between the Syr Darya and Zarafshan rivers from a
physical-geographical perspective. Its terrain is characterized by ruggedness, deserts, and arid
landscapes. The region encompasses the southeastern part of the Kyzylkum Desert, the eastern
portion of the Aydar-Arnasay river system, the eastern slopes of the Nurata Range, and the arid
expanses leading to the foothills of the Molguzar and Turkestan mountain ranges.
This region harbors numerous endemic species, rare species facing the risk of extinction,
and a diverse array of plant species of global economic importance. The flora of the Jizzakh
region comprises 105 families, 613 genera, and 1965 species of plants. Specifically, 51 species
of plants are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Among the prominent genera in the flora of the Jizzakh region, the
Astragalus
L. genus
holds the foremost position with 107 species (5.45%) in terms of the range of species.
The Astragalus L. genus accounts for 61.4% of the plant species found in the Pomir-Oloy
mountains. When compared to the local floras of other mountainous regions in Central Asia, this
particular indicator demonstrates a significantly high level. Within the floral richness of the
Molguzar mountain range, astragalus species constitute 70 types, accounting for 5.58%, while in
the Surkhan state reserve, 30 species represent 4.03% [3]. Similarly, in the Nurata state reserve,
37 species make up 4.7% [6], and in the Zamin state reserve, 62 species represent 5.2% [2].
When analyzing the astragali found in the Jizzakh region according to their life form, it is
possible to observe that out of 70 types are perennial, 20 types are annual, 9 types are shrubs, and
8 types consist of semishrubs species.
1-diagram.
The floristic distribution of
Astragalus
L. species found in the Jizzakh region is
classified according to their life forms
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Table 1. Rare and endangered wild plant species of the flora of Jizzakh region
Astragalus knorringianus Boriss.
It is a rare endemic species with rarity status - 2,
distributed in North-western Pamir - Oloy. (Figure 1). Perennial grass. This species grows in
Nurota, Molguzar, Northern Turkistan, Oktov, Nurata Relic Mountains, Nurata State Reserve,
Zamin State Reserve, Zomin National Nature Park, in the Zominsuv basin, administratively in
Samarkand, Jizzakh, Navai regions. It is found in the eroded bedrock, gravelly and stony slopes
extending from the foothills to the middle part of the mountain. It is decreasing as a result of
wild
grazing of livestock and collection of fodder as hay [1].
Figure 1.
Astragalus knorringianus Boriss
Astragalus leptophysus Vved.
A relict, endemic species with the status of rarity - 2, growing in
small areas of Western Pamir-Oloida. (Figure 2). Perennial grass. This plant is found in Nurata,
24
North Turkestan, Nurata State Reserve, as well as in some regions of the Republic of Tajikistan.
The area of the species corresponds to Samarkand and Jizzakh regions administratively and
geographically. Wormwood grows among juniper trees and on stony and gravelly slopes. The
main reason for the decline of this species is the negative impact of livestock [1].
Figure 2.
Astragalus leptophysus Vved.
Astragalus belolipovii Camelin ex F. O. Khass. & N. Sulajm.
Northern Pamir is a rare
species with a status of 1 in Aloy. (Figure 3). Perennial grass. It can be found in North
Turkestan, Molguzar ridges and Zamin State Reserve. Growing conditions: It grows in spruce
groves in the central part of the mountains. It was planted for the first time by I.V. Belolipov in
the botanical garden named after Rusanov of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of
Uzbekistan [1].
Figure 3.
Astragalus belolipovii Camelin ex F. O. Khass. & N. Sulajm.
In recent years, the development of large areas of land in the Jizzakh region has led to a
decrease in the number of protected rare plant species. This situation requires further
improvement of practical work on the protection of biological objects and their rational use.
List of used literature:
1.
Красная книга Республики Узбекистан: Редкие и исчезающие виды растений и
животных (в 2-х томах). Т. 1. Растения. – Ташкент: Тасвир, 2019.
2.
Эсанкулов А.С. Флора Зааминского государственного заповедника: Автореф. дисс. …
канд. биол. наук. Ташкент, 2012.
3.
Ибрагимов А.Ж. Флора Сурханского заповедника (хребет Кугитанг): Автореф. дис.
…канд. биол. наук. – Ташкент, 2010.
4.
K.Tojibaev, N. Beshko, A.Batoshov, D. Azimova, Z.Yusupov, Tao Deng, Hang Sun. Flora of
the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan. 2020.
25
5.
Тожибаев К.Ш., Бешко Н.Ю., Эсанкулов А.С., Батошов А.Р., Азимова Д.Э. Кадастр
флоры Узбекистана: Джизакская област. – Ташкент: Название издателства, 2021.
6
. Бешко Н.Ю. Флора Нуратинского заповедника: дисс.канд.биол.наук. Ташкент, 1999.
LALMIKOR TUPROQLAR VA ULARDAN SAMARALI FOYDALANISH
Hayitaliyeva Madina Xudoyor qizi,
Guliston Davlat Universiteti tayanch doktoranti
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada , lalmi tuproqlardan samarali foydalanish ,ularni
unumdorligini oshirish haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Lalmi tuproqlar unumdorligini
oshirishda dukkakli ekinlar yordamida yaxshilash bo’yicha tavsiyalar ko’rsatib o’tilgan.
Kalit sozlar:
Lalmikor tuproqlar, fizik-mexanik xossalar, suv-fizik xossalar, unumdorlik,
mineral va organik o’g’itlar.
Markaziy Osiyoning lalmikor mintaqalarida tarqalgan tuproqlarni o’rganish to’g’risidagi
ma’lumotlar, XIX asrning 50-60 yillarida boshlangan. Respublikamizda keng tarqalgan lalmikor
tuproqlarning xossa-xususiyatlari, unumdorligini belgilovchi asosiy ko’rsatgich, ya’ni gumus
miqdorini saqlash va oshirish bo’yicha ko’plab olimlar A.M Rasulov, M.B Baxodirov, G.A.
Lavranov, X.M. Maxsudov, M.Yu. Yunusov, I. Boboxo’jayev, P.Uzoqov, P.I.Fedotov va
boshqalar turli yillarda tadqiqotlar olib borganlar [5].
Hozirgi kunda O’zbekiston lalmi mintaqasi tuproqlarining xossa va xususiyatlarini
mukammal o’rganish, ularni unumdorligini saqlash va oshirish hozirgi kungi dolzarb
muammolardan biridir.
So’nggi yillarda tog’oldi lalmi tuproqlarning namlik bilan ta’minlanganligi, gumus va
boshqa organik moddalarga kambag’alligi hamda mikrobiologik faolligi past ekanligi
aniqlangan. Keyinchalik ma’lum bo’lishicha, lalmi och tusli bo’z va tipik bo’z tuproqlarning
biogenligi yuqori ekanligi aniqlandi. O’zbekiston lalmi mintaqasi tuproqlarining agrokimyoviy
va agrofizikaviy xossa va xususiyatlarini mukammal o’rganish, ularni unumdorligini saqlash,
hosildorligini oshirish va himoyalash muammolarini bir qator olimlarimiz L.A G’afurova ,I.T
Turopov , P.K. Qo’ziyev, M.M.Toshqo’ziyev, N.I SHadiyeva, A.Adilov, A.J. Ismanov,
G.Mirhaydarova, N.Yu. Abdurahmonov, X.Yusupov, S.Rustamov va bosqalar tatqiq etishgan
[1].
BMT ma’lumoti bo’yicha keyingi 100 yillikda sodir bo’layotgan iqlim o’zgarishlari,
qurg’oqchilik, sahrolanish jarayonlari natijasida tuproq qatlami salbiy kuchlar bosimida
qolayotganini, dunyoning 110 dan ortiq mamlakatlarida tuproqlar tanazzulga uchrab unumdorligi
yo’qotilayotganligi qayd etilgan. Tuproqda to’planadigan gumus miqdori, bir qator omillar va
sharoitlarga bog’liq bo’ladi, biomassa miqdori va sifati, kimyoviy tarkib, muhit, suv-havo,
issiqlik rejimi hamda fizik-mexanik xususiyatlari bilan bog’liq bo’ladi. Gumus tuproq
unumdorligi, g’ovakligi, donadorligi, namligi va havo rejimini yaxshilaydi [2].
Murakkab kimyoviy tarkibida azot saqlovchi yuqori molekular moddalar majmuasi bu-
tuproq gumusidir. So’nngi 15-20 yilda ko’chma chorvachilikda yaylovlardan me’yorda
foydalanmaslik, yirik va mayda shohli chorva mollarini ang’izda ortiqcha boqish va antropogen
ta’sirlar natijasida ozuqa hajmining yo’qolishi-depressiyasi sodir bo’ldi. Yaylovlar depressiyasi
asosan Jizzax, Samarqand , Navoiy, Buxoro viloyatlari va Qoraqalpog’iston Respublikasi
hududlarida kuzatilmoqda
G .A. Lavronov ma’lumotlariga ko’ra, lalmikor maydonlarda gumus miqdori qo’riq
yerlarda 2,5 foiz atrifida bo’lgan bo’lsa yangidan o’zlashtirilgandan so’ng uch yil o’tgach, bu
ko’rsatgich 1,49 foizni tashkil etishi, tuproqqa har yili ishlov berilishi natijasida suv va shamol
eroziyasining kuchayishi hamda o’simliklar o’zlashtira oladigan oziqa moddalarning kamayib
borishi tendensiyasi kuzatilgan [2,3].
M .M Toshqo’ziyev, N.I Shadiyevalar tomonidan olib borilgan tadqiqotlarda Turkiston
tog’ tizmasining tog’ va tog’ oldi xududlarida 1000 dan ortiq o’simlik turlari uchrashi qayd
etilgan, Jizzax viloyatida tarqalgan lalmi jigarrang tuproqlarining gumus miqdori 1,58-1,49%,
