МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
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REGENERATION AND TRANSPLANTATION OF CARTILAGE TISSUE
Yo’ldoshev Nodirbek Choriyevich
Student of Termez Branch of Tashkent Medical Academy
Olimjonova Mavluda Olimjon qizi
Assistant of the Department of Medical Biology and Histology
Annotation:
This article reviews the latest advancements in cartilage tissue regeneration and
transplantation. Cartilage damage, often resulting from trauma or degenerative
diseases, represents a major clinical challenge due to the tissue’s limited capacity for
self-repair. The paper discusses current therapeutic approaches, including surgical
transplantation techniques and emerging regenerative medicine strategies. Special
attention is given to biomaterials, stem cell applications, and tissue engineering
technologies that aim to restore cartilage function and improve patient outcomes.
Keywords:
Cartilage regeneration, transplantation, tissue engineering, biomaterials, stem cells,
osteoarthritis, regenerative medicine.
Introduction:
Cartilage tissue plays a critical role in joint function, providing smooth movement
and load-bearing capacity. Unlike many other tissues, cartilage has minimal blood
supply, resulting in poor natural healing after injury. This limitation has driven the
development of advanced therapeutic strategies such as cartilage transplantation and
tissue regeneration. Integrating surgical techniques with regenerative medicine holds
the promise of restoring damaged cartilage and enhancing patient mobility and quality
of life.
Objectives:
- To explore modern methods for cartilage tissue regeneration and transplantation.
МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
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- To analyze challenges in achieving successful cartilage repair.
- To highlight the role of biomaterials and stem cells in regenerative therapies.
- To evaluate future prospects in cartilage tissue engineering.
Challenges in Cartilage Repair:
The avascular nature of cartilage leads to low cell turnover and poor healing
responses after injury. Without intervention, cartilage defects may progress to joint
degeneration, causing chronic pain and disability. Conventional treatments like
microfracture surgery, autografts, and allografts provide temporary relief but often fail
to regenerate fully functional hyaline cartilage.
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) emerged as a significant
advancement, involving the collection and expansion of a patient's own cartilage cells,
which are later re-implanted into the defect. However, limitations such as donor site
morbidity and uneven tissue quality persist.
Advances in Regenerative Medicine:
Stem Cell Therapy:
Stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and synovium offer a
promising alternative for cartilage repair. These cells can differentiate into
chondrocytes under specific conditions, helping to regenerate new cartilage tissue that
resembles natural hyaline cartilage.
Biomaterials and Scaffolds:
Three-dimensional scaffolds made from biocompatible polymers such as collagen,
hyaluronic acid, and polylactic acid provide structural support for new tissue growth.
These scaffolds can be seeded with stem cells and growth factors to promote cartilage
regeneration at the injury site.
Tissue Engineering and 3D Bioprinting:
Recent developments in 3D bioprinting enable the precise fabrication of cartilage
constructs that mimic the zonal organization of native cartilage. Layer-by-layer
deposition of cells and biomaterials facilitates the creation of complex cartilage tissues
that can integrate more effectively with the surrounding native tissue.
МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
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Том 3, Выпуск 04, Апрель
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Cartilage Tissue Transplantation Techniques:
- Osteochondral Autograft Transfer (OAT): Small plugs of bone and cartilage are
harvested and implanted into the defect site.
- Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation: Donor cartilage and bone transplanted
into large defects.
- Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI): Cultured
chondrocytes seeded onto biodegradable membranes.
Future Prospects:
The future of cartilage regeneration lies in combining cell therapy, gene editing,
advanced biomaterials, and bioprinting. Personalized, lab-grown cartilage tissues,
customized for each patient, may soon become a clinical reality. Ongoing research into
immune modulation and scaffold optimization aims to further improve the integration
and durability of regenerated cartilage.
Conclusion:
Regeneration and transplantation of cartilage tissue represent a rapidly evolving
field, offering hope to patients suffering from joint injuries and degenerative diseases.
By integrating regenerative medicine techniques with surgical expertise, it is possible
to overcome the limitations of traditional therapies. Continued innovation, ethical
research, and interdisciplinary collaboration will drive future breakthroughs in
restoring cartilage function and improving quality of life for affected individuals.
References:
1. Makris EA, Gomoll AH, Malizos KN, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Repair and tissue
engineering techniques for articular cartilage. Nature Reviews Rheumatology.
2015;11(1):21-34.
2. Huey DJ, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Unlike bone, cartilage regeneration remains
elusive. Science. 2012;338(6109):917-921.
3. Vinatier C, Guicheux J. Cartilage tissue engineering: From biomaterials and stem
cells to osteoarthritis treatments. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.
2016;59(3):139-144.
МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
Researchbib Impact factor: 13.14/2024
SJIF 2024 = 5.444
Том 3, Выпуск 04, Апрель
269
https://universalpublishings.com
4. Zhang L, Hu J, Athanasiou KA. The role of tissue engineering in articular
cartilage repair and regeneration. Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering.
2009;37(1-2):1-57.
