МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
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Том 2, Выпуск 11, Ноябрь
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CAUSES AND COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES
Mamadoliev Ikromjon Ilkhomidinovich
Kimyo International University in Tashkent Branch Samarkand
Ravshanov Rustam Aktamovich
Academic Lyceum of Samarkand State Medical University
Abstract:
This article provides information about diabetes, its causes, and the
changes and symptoms that occur in the cardiovascular system due to this disease.
This disease develops slowly and suddenly leads to severe complications. In the
beginning, symptoms such as dry mouth, thirst and weight loss are not obvious. The
patient is more disturbed by weakness, fatigue and thirst. Despite the high level of
glucose in the blood, in type 2 diabetes, the amount of acetone cells in the blood
increases, and its appearance in the urine is very rare. Such patients can live without
taking insulin. they can use diet, exercise, and blood sugar-lowering medications[1,2].
Keywords:
endocrine diseases, insulin, hyperglycemia, genetic factors,
somatostatin, glucose, compensation, subcompensation, decompensation, parches.
Introduction.
Diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic disease in
developed countries today. The number of people suffering from this disease is
increasing from year to year in all countries of the world. This disease is one of the
endocrine diseases, which develops as a result of the destruction of beta cells that
produce the hormone insulin, as well as as a result of autoimmune damage to the
pancreas. Because when beta cells are damaged, insulin is not produced in sufficient
quantities. Beta cells are cells that do not regenerate[3,4]. As a result of severe stress,
excessive stress, severe fear, these cells are inhibited and do not regenerate. As a result,
carbohydrate metabolism is disrupted, the conversion of glycogen to glucose is
accelerated, and the absorption and utilization of glucose by tissues decreases, and it
accumulates in the blood, as a result of which sugar increases. in the blood, it is
excreted in the urine, and the patient becomes very obese. Excess sugar in the blood
damages blood vessels and capillaries - that is, their walls become more fragile. As a
result, vision decreases, the image becomes blurry. It should be said here that the
problem can manifest itself in one or both eyes at the same time. At the same time, if
diabetes is not treated, vision may be lost over time. Some diseases, such as rubella,
viral hepatitis, mumps, as well as some drugs, nitrosamines and toxic pesticides, can
cause gastritis. leads to the destruction of the gland, and if more than 80% of its cells
are damaged, diabetes develops. As a result, there is a constant increase in the level of
glucose in the blood - hyperglycemia. Complications from this disease can be fatal,
which is called hyperglycemic coma[5,6].
МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
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Diabetes can be severe, mild or moderate. In addition, two main types are
distinguished. Type 1 diabetes is insulin-dependent and occurs in young children and
people under 35 years of age. With this type, the natural production of insulin
completely stops, so these patients need constant insulin injections. This type is
manifested by the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting and sudden weight loss, and
in children, difficulty urinating at night. Patients with this type may develop life-
threatening symptoms. Therefore, patients need urgent help. Type 2 is not insulin-
dependent. It occurs mainly in people over forty and fifty years of age. Because of this,
the sensitivity of tissues to insulin is impaired. As a result, glucose absorption by
tissues becomes difficult and insulin injections are not required. In this case, metabolic
processes are disrupted and immunity decreases. As a result of this long-term process,
bone tissue is destroyed, that is, osteoporosis develops. Approximately ninety percent
of all patients have type 2 diabetes. Also, symptomatic (secondary) diabetes occurs
due to other diseases (for example: pancreatic diseases). It is also caused by long-term
drug use and genetic pathologies. It also occurs as a result of poor nutrition in people
living in tropical regions. Even pregnant women can develop diabetes. and this is
called gestational diabetes[7-11].
We diagnose this disease when the blood sugar level exceeds 6.5 mmol/l.
Normally, the blood sugar level is 5.5 mmol/l or 80-120 mg%. In diabetes, its level
can be 150-250 mg% or more. When the blood sugar level is normal, it is excreted
through the kidneys in the urine. it is not excreted, that is, there is absolutely no sugar
in the urine of a healthy person. If the blood sugar level exceeds 140-150 mg%, sugar
can be detected in the urine. Since the carbohydrates in the food you eat are not
absorbed by cells and tissues, they are excreted in the urine, which is why a person
quickly becomes hungry and eats quickly. When the fat reserves under the skin break
down into fatty substances and turn into glucose, even the proteins and fatty
substances in the cells and tissues turn into glucose, enter the blood and are excreted in
the urine. As a result, the patient loses weight and becomes weak. and working
capacity decreases. Depending on the level of glucose in the blood, it is characterized
as follows. Combined diabetes - the patient does not complain about his health, the
blood sugar level on an empty stomach does not exceed 4 mmol / l, and during the day
it does not exceed 9 mmol / l. Subcompensated diabetes does not show signs, but the
blood sugar level is from 8 mmol / l to 11 mmol / l. Decompensated diabetes is
characterized by complaints of poor condition of the patient, symptoms of the disease
are detected, the blood glucose level is above 11 mmol / l. It should also be clear to us
that the origin of this disease depends on other factors besides the endocrine system.
These factors include: overweight,
МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
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The above information suggests that diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome,
so to speak, this syndrome can be called a complex disaster, since it consists of four
terrible diseases: hypertension, coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. and obesity,
that is, becoming very fat, this is called abdominal obesity. In addition, arterial
pressure rises and becomes less than 130/85 mercury column. This disease is
increasingly developing in modern times, and it leads to a lot of bad consequences.
Causes Hypodynamia, that is, inactivity, is considered the scourge of modern
civilization. Frankly speaking, we are lazy, we spend most of our time on the sofa and
car seats, we watch TV for hours, sit at the computer and do not raise our heads. play,
this is the case at work. We have almost stopped walking, we go to the nearest place
by bus or car. In addition, the number of fast, dry foods is increasing every day.
Doctors often associate the development of metabolic syndrome with skipping
breakfast and walking on an empty stomach. This leads to a decrease in blood glucose
levels, which results in insulin resistance. Well, since the situation has reached this
point, the question arises: what to do now, is it possible to correct the situation? This
requires us, most importantly, to try to treat metabolism without medication, give up
bad habits, walk more, eat 5-6 times a day less often, eat less sweets, pasta, refined
rice. ,cookies are very useful. Mineral water is also very useful, but it should be
consumed in moderation.
Conclusion.
According to the World Health Organization, 30% of the world's
population suffers from obesity. Of these, 14.9% are men, 16.8% are women. 44% of
them are over 50 years old. The incidence of obesity is increasing by 10% every 10
years. As a result, diabetes develops, diabetes is diagnosed in one in ten people in the
world. Type 2 diabetes is a common disease. 84 million people have the second type
МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ:
ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
Researchbib Impact factor: 11.79/2023
SJIF 2024 = 5.444
Том 2, Выпуск 11, Ноябрь
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272
of the disease. 65-70% of children born to both parents with diabetes have diabetes.
Causes of the development of the disease. 15% of the population of our republic suffer
from diabetes, they regularly eat diet foods, take medications that lower blood sugar
levels. This chronic, long-term disease damages important organs, tissues and blood
vessels and shows them its complications. This is primarily manifested in the
functioning of the nervous system. The legs and arms ache, itch and become hot. Pain
perception decreases, complications of the disease called polyneuropathy increase. It
disables kidney function, as a result of which the kidneys cannot perform their
functions. Vision deteriorates, skin ulcers develop into serious diseases due to a
decrease in the div's immunity, and dark spots appear on the legs. It is clear that
diabetes is considered dangerous due to its complications.
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