MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
70
PREVENTION OF PURULENT COMPLICATIONS DURING
ABDOMINAL SURGERY: STRATEGIES AND CLINICAL RESULTS
Fattaxov N.X.
Abdulxakimov A.R.
Xomidchonova Sh.X.
Xaidarov G.N.
Ferghana Medical Institute of Public Health
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14718158
Abdominal surgery is one of the most difficult and requires special
attention in surgical practice. Purulent infections are one of the most serious and
dangerous complications after such interventions, which can lead to sepsis,
prolonged recovery of the patient, and even death. Prevention of these
complications is crucial to improve clinical outcomes and improve patients'
quality of life.
Purulent complications during operations on abdominal organs can develop
due to various factors, including infection of the wound, impaired sterility
during the intervention, insufficient purification of organs or tissues from
microbial agents, and others. The main reasons include:
• Contamination during surgery, especially when manipulating the
intestines, gallbladder or other hollow organs.
• Violations in postoperative care, such as insufficient wound treatment or a
low level of antibacterial protection.
• Weakened immune system of the patient, especially in people with
concomitant diseases or after severe operations.
To prevent these complications, an integrated approach is needed,
including modern techniques both at the stage of patient preparation, as well as
during the operation and postoperative care.
Adequate antibacterial therapy is one of the key prevention methods.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed 30-60 minutes before the start of
surgery to prevent infection of the wound and abdominal organs. The choice of
an antibiotic depends on the expected microflora that the surgeon will
encounter during the operation. In the postoperative period, therapy can be
continued depending on the clinical situation.
Surgical technique
• Minimization of tissue injury. It is important to avoid unnecessary damage
to organs and tissues, which helps reduce inflammation and healing. Modern
methods, such as endoscopic surgery, help to reduce the traumatic nature of the
intervention.
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
71
• Sterility in the operating room. Strict adherence to asepsis and antisepsis
in the operating room and the use of sterile instruments and materials
significantly reduces the risk of infection.
Drainage of the abdominal cavity
In some cases, drains are installed to prevent infectious complications,
which allow the removal of excess fluid from the abdominal cavity and reduce
the likelihood of abscess formation. Drains help to reduce stagnation of blood
and exudate, which is a good prevention of infection.
Postoperative care
• Thorough wound treatment. The postoperative wound should be treated
regularly with antiseptics, and bandages should be changed on time to prevent
infection.
• Early activation of the patient. Maintaining normal blood circulation and
respiration after surgery, as well as early mobilization of the patient, help
prevent congestion and infections.
The use of innovative technologies
Modern developments such as antiseptic films, antibacterial suture coatings
and drainage systems with antiseptic effect significantly reduce the risk of
postoperative purulent infections. These technologies not only provide
protection from germs, but also accelerate healing.
The use of these preventive strategies allows for significant improvements
in clinical outcomes. Modern approaches to the prevention of purulent
complications reduce the frequency of infectious complications, shorten the
period of hospitalization and reduce the need for repeated operations. For
example, in clinics where comprehensive protocols of antibacterial prophylaxis
and high-quality postoperative treatment have been implemented, the infection
rate of postoperative wounds has decreased to 3-5%.
The use of drains and modern antiseptics can significantly reduce the
likelihood of abscesses and peritonitis, which significantly improves the
prognosis for the patient.
Conclusion
: The prevention of purulent complications during abdominal
surgery requires a systematic approach, including adequate antibacterial
therapy, the use of modern surgical techniques, the installation of drains and
high-quality postoperative care. The introduction of innovative methods and
technologies into clinical practice significantly improves treatment outcomes
and reduces risks for patients.
