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ANALYSIS OF SOIL WORKING AND PLANTING MACHINES
Tovashov Rustam Xo‘jaxmat o‘g‘li
Doctor of Philosophy in technical Sciences, docent,
e-mail: rmaxamov@mail.ru
Xidirov Muso Qahramon o‘g‘li
assistant,
Tovashov Bekzod Raxmat o‘g‘li
PhD student.
Karshi engineering-economic institute
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13761713
Abstract.
The article presents the results of research on the analysis of
combined machines, weapons and their working bodies intended for soil
cultivation and grain planting.
Keywords:
combination, soil, machine, softener, gun, working div, pawl,
coverage width, traction resistance.
Introduction.
In our republic, in order to reduce energy and labor
consumption in agricultural production, to save resources, the use of advanced
technologies in the cultivation of agricultural crops and the development of
high-performance agricultural machines are carried out on a large scale [1]. In
particular, consistent reforms are being implemented in the use of resource-
efficient technologies for protecting the soil from wind and water erosion, as
well as the use of advanced methods of agrotechnology in increasing the
productivity of grain crops.
Taking into account the above, it is necessary to develop a machine that
works on sloping fields and sow grain, and justify the parameters of its working
bodies.
One of the main tasks of today is to improve the technology of growing
grain crops on a global scale and to obtain as high a yield as possible from grain
crops. Today, at a time when a number of problems such as fuel, energy
shortage, and climate change are emerging on a global scale, it is an urgent task
to create high-performance combined machines that will prepare the soil for
planting, as well as carry out planting work with high quality.
Research method.
The softener blade of the combined machine designed
for tillage of sloping fields and sowing of spiked grain crops was taken as an
object of research. The study of the technological work processes of the
combined machine softener blade was carried out according to the results of the
literature and field tests [2].
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According to the results of theoretical research, in order to investigate the
effect of the combined machine softener on the soil tillage process, special left
and o knives and softener were prepared.
Combined machines for soil preparation and planting have been developed
by many world researchers and a number of leading companies of developed
countries [32, 34, 35, 37]. Almost all of these combined machines are designed
for planting grain crops on flat land. At the same time, their high cost and the
fact that they do not correspond to the soil conditions of our republic require the
creation of improved combined machines.
Research results and discussion.
A.A. Ibragimov and A. Tokhtakoziyev
developed a combined unit for inter-row processing of cotton and row sowing of
grain. The combined unit consists of two parts: the front part, which processes
cotton between the rows, and the rear part, which sows grain in rows [11-13].
The front part of the unit, that is, the part that works between the cotton
rows, was developed on the basis of the existing KXU-4 cultivator. The combined
unit is intended for processing the cotton between the rows in one pass after
harvesting the cotton crop grown in 90 cm rows and sowing the seeds of grain
crops in rows [14-15]. The location and number of working parts in this unit
made it structurally complex, which causes its operational performance to
decrease. In addition, the use of this device causes the moisture in it to rise due
to the fact that it brings the bottom layer of the soil up. At the same time, this
machine cannot be used for planting grain on dry land.
I.V.Vorokosov and R.S.Rakhimov developed a combined universal tool for
soil cultivation and planting. On the longitudinal and transverse columns of the
gun frame, a section of working organs with a disk, a handle and a pawl and a
cage are fixed. In the front part of the frame there is a support wheel, and in the
back part there is a roller. The weapon rests on the transport wheel in transport
mode. There is a hook for attaching the SZ-3.6 seeder to the crossbar of the rear
supporting wheels [16]. This universal tool is designed for planting grain on flat
terrain.
Scientists of the Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute have
developed a method of planting autumn cereals instead of cotton [17-18]. In this
method, grain is planted at the same time as the stalks are pulled out and
scattered on the field. During the operation of this unit, the stalk is pulled by the
valets, its roots are pulled out by the loosening claw, and the stalk is crushed by
the crushing drum and scattered on the ground through the stalk conveyor.
After that, grain seeds are planted.
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The main disadvantage of this unit is that crushed stalks have a negative
effect on the smooth movement of the coulters during planting and the planting
of wheat to the required depth.
The scientists of the Far East Agrarian University proposed a seeder-
cultivator that picks up cotton in the field and sows seeds at once, and it is
protected by Russian patent No. 2162628 [19-22]. The main working bodies of
the seeder-cultivator are the planting apparatus, the working div that forms
the dust, the box that forms the furrows, the section that sows the seeds and the
working part that buries the seeds. In the process of work, the seeder forms a
pile with the working div and applies fertilizer to the ground through a one-
way fertilizer conveyor. The reel creates grooves to drop the seed onto the
pistachios. Through the sowing device and the seed conveyor, the seeds fall into
the ditches. With the help of spherical discs, the seeds are buried and with the
help of seed burial working parts, the surface of the husk is leveled.
With this seeder-cultivator, it is not possible to sow grain in narrow rows
on the slopes, but it is possible to use the furrow roller for wheat planting.
1 – gryadil; 2 – key; 3 – handle; 4 – wing of the sow; 5 – seed base; 6 – seed-
dropping pipe; 7 – the sliding cutting knife of the sower; H - the height of the
wings; α - the angle of installation of the sower wings in relation to the direction
of movement; γ - the opening angle of the sow wings; V - the width of the base of
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the plant; L - the longitudinal length of the base of the planter; t
0
-the distance
between the blades
Figure 1. The scheme of the blade sliding sower
A. Igamberdiev developed the technology of tilling the soil before planting
and planting winter wheat at the specified depth and the machine that
implements it. The design of the blade sliding planter was created for the
proposed machine. The sliding blade cultivator (fig. 1 a, b, v) performs the
technological process as described [40]. The angle of installation of the blades of
the cultivator is determined by the condition of sinking into the soil and cutting
it slidingly. At the planting depth, the grain conveying tubes are slightly
compacted, and the wheat seeds are formed from 7, right and left wings, and 5,
with the help of tubes filling and seeding process with 5 [23-24].
T.Khudoyberdiev, A.T.Mirzaakhmedov and A.Igamberdiev developed a
seeder with an arcuate blade for planting wheat in fields with cotton stalks [25-
27]. The seeder is composed of a hopper, a roller meter, a seed conveyor, a
coulter, a wheat seed sower, a burying div and a support wheel. Planters are
installed on the chassis of the KXU-4A cultivator. During the operation of the
seeder, the seed in the hopper is measured in the roller distributor, and then the
seed falls through the conveyor to the planter. Ekkichs are covered with gryadil.
The shovel buries the seeds. Sowers plant the seeds to a depth of 3-5 cm [28].
The arc seed drill can only be used for seeding in sloping cotton fields.
Conclusion.
According to the results of the analytical studies, insufficient
scientific research has been carried out on machines, weapons and working
bodies intended for the cultivation of the soil of dry lands and the
implementation of grain planting. It is clear from this that it is necessary to carry
out scientific research in this direction and to develop combined machines that
fully meet the requirements of agrotechnics and justify the parameters of
working bodies.
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