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EFFECTS OF STRESS ON THE HUMAN BODY
Eshchanova Nasiba Matnazarovna
Teacher of Mamun University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14012574
Abstract:
The thesis discusses the concept and types of stress, its impact on
the human div.
Key words:
stress, hypertension, occupational deformation, post-stress
injury, leukocytes, mental disorders, oncological diseases, stressor
In the world, the processes of globalization, the acceleration of scientific
and technical progress, and the increase in environmental problems pose a
serious threat to the issue of human health. The reason for this is the
development of the manufacturing industry, the reduction of manual labor, and
the reduction of activities that make up a healthy lifestyle. The concept of stress
has been assessed by the World Health Organization as a "disease of the 21st
century", because stress occurs in any person, and the world's professions have
already assessed this concept as a "global epidemic". [2] Stress symptoms are
more common in people who interact with people. Professional deformation
occurs as a result of emotional, personal exhaustion under the influence of many
external and internal factors in the conditions of strong professional
communication.
Stress is a state of extreme excitement and nervousness that occurs as a
result of strong influences in humans and animals. Stress is a process
characterized by a non-specific reaction of the div and stereotypic changes in
the activity of the nervous and endocrine systems, caused by various extreme
factors that threaten to disrupt homeostasis. The term "stress" was defined by
the Canadian physiologist G. Selye and introduced into medicine (1936). In a
person, stress of the same intensity can be both dangerous and positive. The
initial state of the organism is of great importance in the emergence of diseases
under the influence of stress.
When stress is limited to unpleasant sensations (muscle tension, sweating,
shortness of breath, and anxiety), it can have a negative effect on a person.
Unfortunately, chronic stress leads to the development of serious diseases.
Diseases of the cardiovascular system are also among them. As mentioned
above, stress causes high blood pressure. It is clear that stress has a bad effect
on the cardiovascular system. Many scientists have analyzed the influence and
role of emotional stress in the manifestation of blood pressure.
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Stress directly affects the heart. Due to the effects of the sympathetic
division of the autonomic nervous system and the above-mentioned hormones,
its contraction and the number of heart attacks increase. With stress in the div,
cholesterol and other fatty acids are shown. Cholesterol in the blood
accumulates on the walls of blood vessels and disrupts blood flow in various
parts of the div. If blood flow to the heart is impaired, the risk of death from
heart disease or myocardial infarction is high, which leads to a lack of oxygen to
the heart. Leukocytes are the most important component of the immune system.
Leukocytes are divided into 3 groups: phagocytes and two types of lymphocytes
(T-cells and B-cells). These groups of cells have one job: they detect and destroy
foreign substances in the div. Any factor that reduces the number of leukocytes
poses a threat to human health. Stress refers to such factors. People with severe
losses have reduced immune system function. Women who survive divorce have
40% lower levels of killer cells than normal (cells that fight viruses and tumors).
[1]
The state of stress occurs in different diseases in its own way. Especially in
oncological diseases, the state of stress manifests itself in its own way. In this
regard, the work of O.A. Vorona on the topic "Psychological consequences of
stress in patients with breast cancer" (2005) confirms our opinion. In the
theoretical part of the research: stress and oncological diseases, the role of
psychological factors in the course and etiology of oncological diseases,
psychological reactions and mental disorders arising as a result of the diagnosis
and treatment of oncological diseases, post-traumatic stress disorders in
oncological patients were studied. So, O.A. According to Vorona's research, the
number of post-stress injuries and the individual's use of coping strategies to get
out of them are directly related to the tendency to develop or recover from the
disease. [3] Using visualization skills and other techniques, if the number of
lymphocytes decreases under stress, their number increases during treatment.
As a result, the immune system can control cancer cells to some extent.
However, this method of cancer treatment is not widely recognized and is used
only experimentally. As a result of stress in the digestive system, the secretion of
saliva in the mouth decreases. That's why when we're worried, everything in our
mouth feels dry.
Due to stress, the muscles of the esophagus may start to contract
uncontrollably, and there may be difficulties in swallowing. During chronic
stress, the secretion of noadrenaline causes spasm of gastric capillaries, which
prevents mucus secretion and destroys the protective mucous barrier in the
MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
188
stomach walls. This unimpeded hydrochloric acid (which increases during
stress) damages tissue and can reach blood vessels, causing bleeding ulcers.
Modern medicine admits that all disorders in the field of bile and pancreas,
pancreatitis, any problems related to the stomach are related to stress. In the
area of muscles, the muscles become weak under the influence of stress. Most of
us don't understand muscle tension. Stress also affects smooth muscle function.
Thus, a migraine headache is the result of the contraction and dilation of the
carotid arteries 110 on one side of the head. The reduction phase is often
accompanied by sensitivity to light and noise, irritability, flushing, or pale skin.
When the arteries dilate, certain chemicals irritate the adjacent nerve endings
and cause pain.
Stress-induced muscle tension headaches can affect the forehead, jaw, and
even the neck. Chronic stress can cause muscle spasms and back pain, just like a
headache that causes muscle tension. In a stressful situation, a person sweats
more and the surface temperature of the skin drops. Because norepinephrine
causes the walls of blood vessels on the surface of the skin of the hands and feet
to contract, fingers and toes freeze more than usual during times of stress. In
addition, narrowing of blood vessels is observed. Thus, when nervous, anxious
people are often under stress, their skin is cold, slightly moist and dull. Long-
term release of glucocorticoids leads to a significant decrease in testosterone
production. This reduces sexual desire and leads to impotence. Stress is one of
the causes of menstrual disorders in women, which leads to reproductive
dysfunction.
In conclusion, it can be said that there are positive and negative aspects of
stress. The main beneficial feature of stress is, of course, a natural function of a
person's adaptation to new conditions. In addition, the "beneficial"
consequences of stress include an increase in stress tolerance, the development
of personal qualities and personal growth, and the realization of the need for
strength. Stress is harmful when it is too intense or lasts too long. Among the
negative consequences of stress, there are many mental reactions such as
deterioration of performance of specified tasks, impairment of mental tasks,
fatigue, post-traumatic stress disorder, mental illnesses and psychological
problems. In addition, stress is the main reason for the development of
psychosomatic diseases.
References:
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2. Водопьянова Н.Е. “Старченкова Е.С. Синдром выгорания”. – СПб: Питер,
2008. – 336 с.
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International scientific-online conference
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3. Ворона О. А. “Психологические последствия стресса у больных раком
молочной железы”: Автореф. дис.психол. наук.- М.: МГУ. 2005.-22 с
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Эмоциональный стресс. Пер. с англ. Л.: Медицина, 1970.
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