Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
12
9
https://eipublication.com/index.php/jsshrf
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
12-14
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
10 April 2025
ACCEPTED
06 May 2025
PUBLISHED
08 June 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue06 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Specific Features of
Organizing Practical
Training in Ecology and
Environmental Protection
in Higher Educational
Institutions
Bobur Ishmuminov
Senior Lecturer, Nizami National Pedagogical University of Uzbekistan,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
The article presents the results of an
experiment conducted to improve the technology of
organizing practical classes on the subject "Ecology and
Environmental Protection" in higher educational
institutions.
Keywords:
Population,
humidity,
hydrophilic,
hydatophyte, hydrophyte, hygrophyte, mesophyte,
xerophyte.
Introduction:
In our country, great attention is paid to
bringing higher pedagogical education to a new
qualitative level, developing an innovative system for
training
future
teachers,
and
improving
the
methodological support for teaching natural sciences
based on advanced foreign experiences. The Concept
for the Development of the Higher Education System
until 2030 sets “Accelerating the processes of studying
and applying advanced foreign experiences in improving
the quality of education and improving teaching
methods”
[1] as a priority task. This requires the
development of innovative forms, methods and means
of education in teaching the Ecology and Environmental
Protection course, improving the practical training of
future biology teachers through the use of new
pedagogical and information and communication
technologies, and developing a system of practical tasks
aimed at assessing the subject-specific competencies of
environmental education.
Main part
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
13
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Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
Practical classes in ecology and environmental
protection are included in the curriculum of the biology
specialty and are of great importance in forming the
ecological culture of future specialists, general
education schools, and specialized vocational colleges.
Practical classes help students and pupils consolidate
theoretical knowledge, form and further develop
practical skills and qualifications.
Below we give an example of our experiences in
improving practical classes on the example of one
topic. Each class begins with brief theoretical
information. Also, materials and equipment, the
procedure for performing the work, and tasks are
presented.
Subject of the practical class
: Morphological
differences between plants growing in water and on
land.
Purpose of the work
. To study the morphological
structure of plants growing in water and on land and to
determine the differences between them.
Materials and equipment
. Tables depicting various
communities, herbariums of plants specific to each
community, plant samples, magnifying glass,
notebook, pencil, ruler.
Theoretical material. The moisture factor is of great
importance in the distribution of all organisms on
Earth. Lack of moisture is one of the most important
features of life on land. Xerophilous plants and animals
form an ecological group in arid environments.
Mesophiles live in moderate humidity, and hydrophilic
organisms live in excess humidity.
All plants are divided into 5 ecological groups according
to their water supply or adaptation to humidity
conditions: hydatophytes, hydrophytes, hygrophytes,
mesophytes, xerophytes.
Hydatophytes - this group of organisms that spend
their lives constantly in water, mainly algae.
Hydrophytes are plants that have part of their div
outside the water, and the rest in the water layer. This
group includes water lilies, water lilies, lanceolates,
water lilies, and water lilies. They have a number of
characteristics depending on their living conditions,
such as a large floating surface, the covering of
vegetative organs with a mucous membrane, weak
development of mechanical tissue, the presence of air
spaces in cells, and weak development of the root
system.
Mesophytes include most cultivated and wild plants.
The root system of mesophytic plants is usually well
developed, the leaves are often large, flat, soft, fleshy,
moderately developed tissues, and the leaves are often
hairless.
Xerophytes include plants widespread in steppe, desert,
and semi-desert regions. They, in turn, are divided into
two groups: sclerophytes and succulents. Sclerophytes
are drought-resistant, perennial, rough, often with
reduced leaves and spines, a thick cuticle layer, and
well-developed mechanical tissue. These include saxaul,
yantoq, chalov, wormwood, betaga, etc. Species
growing in the sandy deserts of Central Asia can reduce
the total amount of water in their div by up to 50%.
The root system is diverse (up to 30 meters in the
yantoq), the stems are woody. Some species adapt to
adverse conditions by undergoing a summer dormancy
period. Succulents are perennial plants with a watery,
fleshy div. They can store water in their leaves and
stems. For example: a cactus can store up to 1-3 tons of
water. Signs of adaptation: leaves and stems are usually
hairless, the cuticle and wax layers are thick, the root
system is located on the surface of the soil.
Procedure for performing work
The morphological characteristics of the leaves of
herbarium specimens grown in different environmental
conditions are studied using a magnifying glass. The
length, width, and thickness of the leaf are measured
using a ruler. The degree to which the plant leaves have
hairs, i.e., hairless or sparsely hairy, is recorded.
Assignments
Task 1. Distinguish hydrophyte, mesophyte and
xerophyte plants from herbariums according to their
morphological characteristics.
Task 2. Study the morphological characteristics of the
leaves of plant herbariums using a magnifying glass.
Task 3. Determine in which species of the studied plants
the phenomenon of metamorphosis occurs and fill in
Table 1.
Table 1
Morphological characteristics of plant leaves growing in different locations
Morphological classification of leaves
Elodeya
Shalfey
Yantoq
Shape
Length, mm
Width, mm
Thickness, μm
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
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Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals
Degree of leaf shear
Nature of hairiness
Metamorphosis
Plant habitat Ecological group
Table 2
Ecological groups and their morphological features
Ecological groups
Distinctive features of the group
Hydrophiles
Mesophiles
Xerophiles
Control questions
1. How have aquatic organisms adapted to the aquatic
environment?
2. How have terrestrial plants adapted to grow?
3. Do you know the ecological groups of aquatic
plants?
4. Do you know the ecological groups of terrestrial
plants?
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