INFLAMMATION AS A CENTRAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM IN HUMAN DISEASES

Inflammation is a fundamental biological response to harmful stimuli such as infection, tissue injury, and toxins. While acute inflammation serves as a protective mechanism, uncontrolled or chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases including cardiovascular disorders, autoimmune conditions, cancer, and neurodegeneration. This paper explores the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation, its dual role in health and disease, and its significance as a therapeutic target. Through a systematic review of experimental and clinical studies, the study highlights how dysregulated inflammatory pathways can transform a protective response into a driving force of chronic pathology.